Question 1

The blending of multiple genes and environmental influences results in the production of a multifactorial trait.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

What is the cause of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH)?

Accepted Answer

A) A diet high in saturated fats 
B) An increased production of cholesterol by the liver 
C) A reduction in the number of LDL receptors on cell surfaces 
D) An abnormal function of lipoprotein receptors circulating in the blood 
A) A diet high in saturated fats 
B) An increased production of cholesterol by the liver 
C) A reduction in the number of LDL receptors on cell surfaces 
D) An abnormal function of lipoprotein receptors circulating in the blood C

Question 3

Relative risks indicate the percentage of disease cases in the general population that are attributable to a specific risk factor.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions.
-A modifiable risk factor for many diseases

Accepted Answer

A) Incidence rate effect of multiple genes 
B) Gene-environment interaction 
C) Prevalence rate at which some diseases occur 
D) Obesity 
E) Polygenic
F)Empiric risk
G)Relative risk 
A) Incidence rate effect of multiple genes 
B) Gene-environment interaction 
C) Prevalence rate at which some diseases occur 
D) Obesity 
E) Polygenic
F)Empiric risk
G)Relative risk

Question 5

Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions.
-Risks based on direct observation of data

Accepted Answer

A) Incidence rate effect of multiple genes 
B) Gene-environment interaction 
C) Prevalence rate at which some diseases occur 
D) Obesity 
E) Polygenic
F)Empiric risk
G)Relative risk 
A) Incidence rate effect of multiple genes 
B) Gene-environment interaction 
C) Prevalence rate at which some diseases occur 
D) Obesity 
E) Polygenic
F)Empiric risk
G)Relative risk

Question 6

The two most important risk factors for type 2 diabetes are:

Accepted Answer

A) autoantibodies and HLA associations. 
B) autoantibodies and obesity. 
C) obesity and positive family history. 
D) HLA associations and positive family history. 
A) autoantibodies and HLA associations. 
B) autoantibodies and obesity. 
C) obesity and positive family history. 
D) HLA associations and positive family history.

Question 7

Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions.
-Measure of the effect of a specific risk factor

Accepted Answer

A) Incidence rate effect of multiple genes 
B) Gene-environment interaction 
C) Prevalence rate at which some diseases occur 
D) Obesity 
E) Polygenic
F)Empiric risk
G)Relative risk 
A) Incidence rate effect of multiple genes 
B) Gene-environment interaction 
C) Prevalence rate at which some diseases occur 
D) Obesity 
E) Polygenic
F)Empiric risk
G)Relative risk

Question 8

When the offspring of a parent with schizophrenia are adopted by parents without schizophrenia, their risk of developing the disease is about 25%, which is about half the risk when they are raised by their biologic parents.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which genes are responsible for an autosomal dominant form of breast cancer?

Accepted Answer

A) LCAT genes 
B) CHK1 and CHK2 genes 
C) BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes 
D) TP53 and TP54 genes 
A) LCAT genes 
B) CHK1 and CHK2 genes 
C) BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes 
D) TP53 and TP54 genes

Question 10

Some families are more susceptible to colorectal cancer than other families.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The prevalence rate is the number of new cases of a disease reported during a specific time period.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions.
-Number of new cases (persons) detected with the disease

Accepted Answer

A) Incidence rate effect of multiple genes 
B) Gene-environment interaction 
C) Prevalence rate at which some diseases occur 
D) Obesity 
E) Polygenic
F)Empiric risk
G)Relative risk 
A) Incidence rate effect of multiple genes 
B) Gene-environment interaction 
C) Prevalence rate at which some diseases occur 
D) Obesity 
E) Polygenic
F)Empiric risk
G)Relative risk

Question 13

Obesity acts as an important risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus by:

Accepted Answer

A) reducing the amount of insulin the pancreas produces. 
B) increasing the resistance to insulin by cells. 
C) obstructing the outflow of insulin from the pancreas. 
D) stimulating the liver to increase glucose production. 
A) reducing the amount of insulin the pancreas produces. 
B) increasing the resistance to insulin by cells. 
C) obstructing the outflow of insulin from the pancreas. 
D) stimulating the liver to increase glucose production.

Question 14

Which risk factor for hypertension is influenced by genetic factors and lifestyle?

Accepted Answer

A) Sodium intake 
B) Physical inactivity 
C) Psychosocial stress 
D) Obesity 
A) Sodium intake 
B) Physical inactivity 
C) Psychosocial stress 
D) Obesity

Question 15

The data reporting that sickle cell disease affects approximately 1 in 600 American blacks is an example of which concept?

Accepted Answer

A) Incidence 
B) Prevalence 
C) Ratio 
D) Risk 
A) Incidence 
B) Prevalence 
C) Ratio 
D) Risk

Question 16

An autosomal dominant form of breast cancer accounts for ____% of all cases.

Accepted Answer

A) 5 
B) 10 
C) 15 
D) 20 
A) 5 
B) 10 
C) 15 
D) 20

Question 17

Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions.
-Yields an increased risk for some diseases

Accepted Answer

A) Incidence rate effect of multiple genes 
B) Gene-environment interaction 
C) Prevalence rate at which some diseases occur 
D) Obesity 
E) Polygenic
F)Empiric risk
G)Relative risk 
A) Incidence rate effect of multiple genes 
B) Gene-environment interaction 
C) Prevalence rate at which some diseases occur 
D) Obesity 
E) Polygenic
F)Empiric risk
G)Relative risk

Question 18

The BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations increase the risk of which cancer in women?

Accepted Answer

A) Ovarian 
B) Lung 
C) Uterine 
D) Pancreatic 
A) Ovarian 
B) Lung 
C) Uterine 
D) Pancreatic

Question 19

A low-fat and high-fiber diet is thought to increase the risk of colon cancer.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Empirical risks for most multifactorial diseases are based on:

Accepted Answer

A) chromosomal testing. 
B) direct observation. 
C) liability thresholds. 
D) relative risks. 
A) chromosomal testing. 
B) direct observation. 
C) liability thresholds. 
D) relative risks.

Exam 5: Genes, Environment, and Common Diseases

The blending of multiple genes and environmental influences results in the production of a multifactorial trait.

What is the cause of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH)?

Relative risks indicate the percentage of disease cases in the general population that are attributable to a specific risk factor.

Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions. -A modifiable risk factor for many diseases

Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions. -Risks based on direct observation of data

The two most important risk factors for type 2 diabetes are:

Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions. -Measure of the effect of a specific risk factor

When the offspring of a parent with schizophrenia are adopted by parents without schizophrenia, their risk of developing the disease is about 25%, which is about half the risk when they are raised by their biologic parents.

Which genes are responsible for an autosomal dominant form of breast cancer?

Some families are more susceptible to colorectal cancer than other families.

The prevalence rate is the number of new cases of a disease reported during a specific time period.

Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions. -Number of new cases (persons) detected with the disease

Obesity acts as an important risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus by:

Which risk factor for hypertension is influenced by genetic factors and lifestyle?

The data reporting that sickle cell disease affects approximately 1 in 600 American blacks is an example of which concept?

An autosomal dominant form of breast cancer accounts for ____% of all cases.

Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions. -Yields an increased risk for some diseases

The BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations increase the risk of which cancer in women?

A low-fat and high-fiber diet is thought to increase the risk of colon cancer.

Empirical risks for most multifactorial diseases are based on:

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive System

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adult

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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