Question 1

Innervation of the bladder and internal urethral sphincter is supplied by which nerves?

Accepted Answer

A) Peripheral nerves 
B) Parasympathetic nervous system 
C) Sympathetic nervous system 
D) Tenth thoracic nerve roots 
A) Peripheral nerves 
B) Parasympathetic nervous system 
C) Sympathetic nervous system 
D) Tenth thoracic nerve roots B

Question 2

Which hormone is required for water to be reabsorbed in the distal tubule and collecting duct?

Accepted Answer

A) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 
B) Aldosterone 
C) Cortisol 
D) Adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) 
A) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 
B) Aldosterone 
C) Cortisol 
D) Adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) A

Question 3

The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is directly related to:

Accepted Answer

A) perfusion pressure in the glomerular capillaries. 
B) diffusion rate in the renal cortex. 
C) diffusion rate in the renal medulla. 
D) glomerular active transport. 
A) perfusion pressure in the glomerular capillaries. 
B) diffusion rate in the renal cortex. 
C) diffusion rate in the renal medulla. 
D) glomerular active transport. A

Question 4

There is a direct relationship between renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate (GFR).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Kidneys hypertrophy throughout life.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The target tissue for angiotensin II is the blood vessels and adrenal medulla.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The kidneys are located within the peritoneal cavity, posterior to the intestines.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Tubular secretion is the movement of fluids and solutes from the tubular lumen to the peritubular capillaries.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

What effects do exercise and body position have on renal blood flow?

Accepted Answer

A) They activate renal parasympathetic neurons and cause mild vasoconstriction. 
B) They activate renal sympathetic neurons and cause mild vasoconstriction. 
C) They activate renal parasympathetic neurons and cause mild vasodilation. 
D) They activate renal sympathetic neurons and cause mild vasodilation. 
A) They activate renal parasympathetic neurons and cause mild vasoconstriction. 
B) They activate renal sympathetic neurons and cause mild vasoconstriction. 
C) They activate renal parasympathetic neurons and cause mild vasodilation. 
D) They activate renal sympathetic neurons and cause mild vasodilation.

Question 10

How high does the serum glucose have to be for the threshold for glucose to be achieved?

Accepted Answer

A) 126 mg/dl 
B) 150 mg/dl 
C) 180 mg/dl 
D) 200 mg/dl 
A) 126 mg/dl 
B) 150 mg/dl 
C) 180 mg/dl 
D) 200 mg/dl

Question 11

The action of urodilatin is that it:

Accepted Answer

A) causes vasodilation of afferent arterioles. 
B) causes vasodilation of the efferent arterioles. 
C) inhibits antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion. 
D) inhibits salt and water reabsorption. 
A) causes vasodilation of afferent arterioles. 
B) causes vasodilation of the efferent arterioles. 
C) inhibits antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion. 
D) inhibits salt and water reabsorption.

Question 12

Renal blood vessels are innervated by the parasympathetic nervous system.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule is the secretion of sodium chloride.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Normally, 99% of glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Active transport in the renal tubules can be limited as the carrier molecules become saturated.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Urodilatin:

Accepted Answer

A) inhibits sodium chloride and water reabsorption in the medullary part of the collecting duct. 
B) inhibits antidiuretic hormone (ADH) to prevent water reabsorption in the medullary part of the collecting duct. 
C) is stimulated by a rise in blood pressure and an increase in extracellular volume. 
D) is stimulated by a fall in blood pressure and a decrease in extracellular volume. 
A) inhibits sodium chloride and water reabsorption in the medullary part of the collecting duct. 
B) inhibits antidiuretic hormone (ADH) to prevent water reabsorption in the medullary part of the collecting duct. 
C) is stimulated by a rise in blood pressure and an increase in extracellular volume. 
D) is stimulated by a fall in blood pressure and a decrease in extracellular volume.

Question 17

The specific gravity of urine in older adults is normally:

Accepted Answer

A) increased. 
B) high normal. 
C) low normal. 
D) decreased. 
A) increased. 
B) high normal. 
C) low normal. 
D) decreased.

Question 18

The best estimate of functioning renal tissue is:

Accepted Answer

A) glomerular filtration rate (GFR). 
B) hourly urine output. 
C) serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine. 
D) the specific gravity of the solute concentration of the urine. 
A) glomerular filtration rate (GFR). 
B) hourly urine output. 
C) serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine. 
D) the specific gravity of the solute concentration of the urine.

Question 19

The trigone is the:

Accepted Answer

A) smooth muscle that comprises the orifice of the ureter. 
B) inner mucosal lining of the kidneys. 
C) smooth triangular area between the openings of the two ureters and the urethra. 
D) three divisions of the loop of Henle. 
A) smooth muscle that comprises the orifice of the ureter. 
B) inner mucosal lining of the kidneys. 
C) smooth triangular area between the openings of the two ureters and the urethra. 
D) three divisions of the loop of Henle.

Question 20

What effect do natriuretic peptides (NAP) have when right atrial pressure rises?

Accepted Answer

A) Stimulates antidiuretic hormones and contracts vascular smooth muscle 
B) Inhibits antidiuretic hormones and contracts vascular smooth muscle 
C) Stimulates renin and aldosterone and relaxes vascular smooth muscle 
D) Inhibits renin and aldosterone and relaxes vascular smooth muscle 
A) Stimulates antidiuretic hormones and contracts vascular smooth muscle 
B) Inhibits antidiuretic hormones and contracts vascular smooth muscle 
C) Stimulates renin and aldosterone and relaxes vascular smooth muscle 
D) Inhibits renin and aldosterone and relaxes vascular smooth muscle

Exam 35: Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Innervation of the bladder and internal urethral sphincter is supplied by which nerves?

Which hormone is required for water to be reabsorbed in the distal tubule and collecting duct?

The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is directly related to:

There is a direct relationship between renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate (GFR).

Kidneys hypertrophy throughout life.

The target tissue for angiotensin II is the blood vessels and adrenal medulla.

The kidneys are located within the peritoneal cavity, posterior to the intestines.

Tubular secretion is the movement of fluids and solutes from the tubular lumen to the peritubular capillaries.

What effects do exercise and body position have on renal blood flow?

How high does the serum glucose have to be for the threshold for glucose to be achieved?

The action of urodilatin is that it:

Renal blood vessels are innervated by the parasympathetic nervous system.

The primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule is the secretion of sodium chloride.

Normally, 99% of glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed.

Active transport in the renal tubules can be limited as the carrier molecules become saturated.

Urodilatin:

The specific gravity of urine in older adults is normally:

The best estimate of functioning renal tissue is:

The trigone is the:

What effect do natriuretic peptides (NAP) have when right atrial pressure rises?

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive System

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adult

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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