Question 1

During an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, what causes bronchospasm?

Accepted Answer

A) Bronchial edema caused by chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis 
B) Bronchial edema caused by binding of the cytotropic antibody 
C) Smooth muscle contraction caused by histamine bound to H₁ receptors 
D) Smooth muscle contraction caused by histamine bound to H2 receptors 
A) Bronchial edema caused by chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis 
B) Bronchial edema caused by binding of the cytotropic antibody 
C) Smooth muscle contraction caused by histamine bound to H₁ receptors 
D) Smooth muscle contraction caused by histamine bound to H2 receptors C

Question 2

During an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, the degranulation of mast cells is a result of the action of _____ receptors.

Accepted Answer

A) histamine bound to H2 
B) chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis bound to 
C) epinephrine bound to mast cell 
D) acetylcholine bound to mast cell 
A) histamine bound to H2 
B) chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis bound to 
C) epinephrine bound to mast cell 
D) acetylcholine bound to mast cell A

Question 3

How does tissue damage occur in acute rejection after an organ transplant?

Accepted Answer

A) Th1 cells release cytokines that activate infiltrating macrophages and cytotoxic T cells directly attack the endothelial cells of the transplanted tissue. 
B) Circulating immune complexes are deposited in the endothelial cells of transplanted tissue, where the complement cascade lyses tissue. 
C) Antigens on the cell surface of transplanted tissue are recognized by receptors on NK cells, which release lysosomal enzymes that destroy tissue. 
D) Antibodies coat the surface of transplanted tissue to which mast cells bind and liberate preformed chemical mediators that destroy tissue. 
A) Th1 cells release cytokines that activate infiltrating macrophages and cytotoxic T cells directly attack the endothelial cells of the transplanted tissue. 
B) Circulating immune complexes are deposited in the endothelial cells of transplanted tissue, where the complement cascade lyses tissue. 
C) Antigens on the cell surface of transplanted tissue are recognized by receptors on NK cells, which release lysosomal enzymes that destroy tissue. 
D) Antibodies coat the surface of transplanted tissue to which mast cells bind and liberate preformed chemical mediators that destroy tissue. A

Question 4

Match the phrases with the corresponding descriptions.
-Type II hypersensitivity

Accepted Answer

A) Agammaglobulinemia 
B) Raynaud phenomenon 
C) Poison ivy 
D) Urticaria 
E) Graves disease 
A) Agammaglobulinemia 
B) Raynaud phenomenon 
C) Poison ivy 
D) Urticaria 
E) Graves disease

Question 5

By _____ months, the newborn is sufficiently protected by antibodies produced by its own B cells.

Accepted Answer

A) 1 to 2 
B) 4 to 5 
C) 6 to 8 
D) 10 to 12 
A) 1 to 2 
B) 4 to 5 
C) 6 to 8 
D) 10 to 12

Question 6

Immunodeficiencies can be congenital or acquired.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which component of the immune system is deficient in people with infections caused by viruses, fungi, or yeast?

Accepted Answer

A) NK cells 
B) Macrophages 
C) B cells 
D) T cells 
A) NK cells 
B) Macrophages 
C) B cells 
D) T cells

Question 8

Blood transfusion reactions are an example of:

Accepted Answer

A) autoimmunity. 
B) alloimmunity. 
C) homoimmunity. 
D) hypersensitivity 
A) autoimmunity. 
B) alloimmunity. 
C) homoimmunity. 
D) hypersensitivity

Question 9

Which blood cell carries the carbohydrate antigens for blood type?

Accepted Answer

A) Platelets 
B) Neutrophils 
C) Lymphocytes 
D) Erythrocytes 
A) Platelets 
B) Neutrophils 
C) Lymphocytes 
D) Erythrocytes

Question 10

In which primary immune deficiency is there a partial to complete absence of T-cell immunity?

Accepted Answer

A) Bruton disease 
B) DiGeorge syndrome 
C) Reticular dysgenesis 
D) Adenosine deaminase (AD
A)  deficiency 
A) Bruton disease 
B) DiGeorge syndrome 
C) Reticular dysgenesis 
D) Adenosine deaminase (AD
A)  deficiency

Question 11

Atopic individuals tend to produce higher levels of IgM.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

When the maternal immune system becomes sensitized against antigens expressed by the fetus, _____ disease is a result.

Accepted Answer

A) allergic 
B) alloimmune 
C) fetal immune 
D) autoimmune 
A) allergic 
B) alloimmune 
C) fetal immune 
D) autoimmune

Question 13

The class of antibody involved in type I hypersensitivity reactions is:

Accepted Answer

A) IgA. 
B) IgE. 
C) IgG. 
D) IgM. 
A) IgA. 
B) IgE. 
C) IgG. 
D) IgM.

Question 14

Some forms of severe combined immune deficiency can be caused by a single gene defect.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Deficiencies in which element can produce depression of both B- and T-cell function?

Accepted Answer

A) Iron 
B) Zinc 
C) Iodine 
D) Magnesium 
A) Iron 
B) Zinc 
C) Iodine 
D) Magnesium

Question 16

Common hay fever allergy is expressed through a reaction that is mediated by:

Accepted Answer

A) IgE. 
B) IgG. 
C) IgM. 
D) T cells. 
A) IgE. 
B) IgG. 
C) IgM. 
D) T cells.

Question 17

During an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, which leukocyte is activated?

Accepted Answer

A) Neutrophils 
B) Monocytes 
C) Eosinophils 
D) T lymphocytes 
A) Neutrophils 
B) Monocytes 
C) Eosinophils 
D) T lymphocytes

Question 18

In a type II hypersensitivity reaction, when antibodies are formed against red blood cell antigens of the Rh system, the blood vessels are destroyed by:

Accepted Answer

A) complement-mediated cell lysis. 
B) phagocytosis by macrophages. 
C) phagocytosis in the spleen. 
D) neutrophil granules and toxic oxygen products. 
A) complement-mediated cell lysis. 
B) phagocytosis by macrophages. 
C) phagocytosis in the spleen. 
D) neutrophil granules and toxic oxygen products.

Question 19

Match the phrases with the corresponding descriptions.
-Type IV hypersensitivity

Accepted Answer

A) Agammaglobulinemia 
B) Raynaud phenomenon 
C) Poison ivy 
D) Urticaria 
E) Graves disease 
A) Agammaglobulinemia 
B) Raynaud phenomenon 
C) Poison ivy 
D) Urticaria 
E) Graves disease

Question 20

In Graves disease (hyperthyroidism), autoantibodies bind to and activate receptors for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) so that excessive T₄ (thyroxine) is secreted, causing clinical manifestations of an increased metabolism.This mechanism is an example of which type II hypersensitivity reaction?

Accepted Answer

A) Modulation 
B) ADCC 
C) Neutrophil-mediated damage 
D) Complement-mediated lysis 
A) Modulation 
B) ADCC 
C) Neutrophil-mediated damage 
D) Complement-mediated lysis

Exam 8: Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

During an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, what causes bronchospasm?

During an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, the degranulation of mast cells is a result of the action of _____ receptors.

How does tissue damage occur in acute rejection after an organ transplant?

Match the phrases with the corresponding descriptions. -Type II hypersensitivity

By _____ months, the newborn is sufficiently protected by antibodies produced by its own B cells.

Immunodeficiencies can be congenital or acquired.

Which component of the immune system is deficient in people with infections caused by viruses, fungi, or yeast?

Blood transfusion reactions are an example of:

Which blood cell carries the carbohydrate antigens for blood type?

In which primary immune deficiency is there a partial to complete absence of T-cell immunity?

Atopic individuals tend to produce higher levels of IgM.

When the maternal immune system becomes sensitized against antigens expressed by the fetus, _____ disease is a result.

The class of antibody involved in type I hypersensitivity reactions is:

Some forms of severe combined immune deficiency can be caused by a single gene defect.

Deficiencies in which element can produce depression of both B- and T-cell function?

Common hay fever allergy is expressed through a reaction that is mediated by:

During an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, which leukocyte is activated?

In a type II hypersensitivity reaction, when antibodies are formed against red blood cell antigens of the Rh system, the blood vessels are destroyed by:

Match the phrases with the corresponding descriptions. -Type IV hypersensitivity

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Infection

Stress and Disease

Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive System

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adult

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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