Question 1

Bone is unique among body tissue because after a fracture that destroys bone, a new bone is formed, but there is no scar tissue.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

Compartment syndromes are a localized form of crush syndromes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

Match the phrases with the corresponding characteristics.
-McArdle disease

Accepted Answer

A) Caused by sedatives and narcotics, particularly street heroin 
B) Caused by viruses, bacteria, and parasites 
C) Exercise intolerance with normal production of lactic acid 
D) Impairs the breakdown of glycogen and production of lactic acid 
E) Autoimmune disease 
A) Caused by sedatives and narcotics, particularly street heroin 
B) Caused by viruses, bacteria, and parasites 
C) Exercise intolerance with normal production of lactic acid 
D) Impairs the breakdown of glycogen and production of lactic acid 
E) Autoimmune disease D

Question 4

People with gout are at high risk for:

Accepted Answer

A) renal calculi. 
B) joint trauma. 
C) anemia. 
D) hearing loss. 
A) renal calculi. 
B) joint trauma. 
C) anemia. 
D) hearing loss.

Question 5

What is a primary defect in osteoarthritis (OA)?

Accepted Answer

A) Stromelysin and acid metalloproteinase break down articular cartilage. 
B) IgG destroys the synovial membrane. 
C) Synovial membranes become inflamed. 
D) Cartilage-coated osteophytes create bone spurs. 
A) Stromelysin and acid metalloproteinase break down articular cartilage. 
B) IgG destroys the synovial membrane. 
C) Synovial membranes become inflamed. 
D) Cartilage-coated osteophytes create bone spurs.

Question 6

A fracture in which the bone breaks into two or more fragments is a comminuted fracture.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

_____ fractures usually occur in individuals who engage in a new activity that is strenuous and repetitive.

Accepted Answer

A) Stress 
B) Greenstick 
C) Insufficiency 
D) Pathologic 
A) Stress 
B) Greenstick 
C) Insufficiency 
D) Pathologic

Question 8

Cutaneous, sinus, ear, and dental infections are primary sources of bacteria in hematogenous bone infections.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which of the following is a characteristic of osteosarcoma?

Accepted Answer

A) Slow-growing tumor that begins in the bone marrow and infiltrates the trabeculae 
B) Solitary tumor that most often affects the metaphyseal region of the femur or tibia 
C) An aggressive tumor most often found in the bone marrow of long bones 
D) A tumor that infiltrates the trabeculae in spongy bone and implants in surrounding tissue by seeding 
A) Slow-growing tumor that begins in the bone marrow and infiltrates the trabeculae 
B) Solitary tumor that most often affects the metaphyseal region of the femur or tibia 
C) An aggressive tumor most often found in the bone marrow of long bones 
D) A tumor that infiltrates the trabeculae in spongy bone and implants in surrounding tissue by seeding

Question 10

Improper reduction or immobilization of a fractured femur results in which of the following after cast removal?

Accepted Answer

A) The muscles around the fracture site are weak. 
B) The fracture requires 6 to 8 weeks of physical therapy. 
C) The skin under the cast is dry and flaky. 
D) The bone is not straight. 
A) The muscles around the fracture site are weak. 
B) The fracture requires 6 to 8 weeks of physical therapy. 
C) The skin under the cast is dry and flaky. 
D) The bone is not straight.

Question 11

Receptor activator of nuclear factor kb ligand (RANKL) expression is inversely correlated with serum level of 17 b-estradiol (i.e., with estradiol deficiency, RANKL is increased).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

By the time osteoporosis is visible on x-ray, up to ____% of bone has been lost.

Accepted Answer

A) 30 
B) 40 
C) 50 
D) 60 
A) 30 
B) 40 
C) 50 
D) 60

Question 13

Which joint disease is characterized by joint stiffness on movement and joint pain of weight-bearing joints that usually is relieved by rest?

Accepted Answer

A) Gouty arthritis 
B) Rheumatoid arthritis 
C) Osteoarthritis 
D) Suppurative arthritis 
A) Gouty arthritis 
B) Rheumatoid arthritis 
C) Osteoarthritis 
D) Suppurative arthritis

Question 14

Match the phrases with the corresponding characteristics.
-Myositis

Accepted Answer

A) Caused by sedatives and narcotics, particularly street heroin 
B) Caused by viruses, bacteria, and parasites 
C) Exercise intolerance with normal production of lactic acid 
D) Impairs the breakdown of glycogen and production of lactic acid 
E) Autoimmune disease 
A) Caused by sedatives and narcotics, particularly street heroin 
B) Caused by viruses, bacteria, and parasites 
C) Exercise intolerance with normal production of lactic acid 
D) Impairs the breakdown of glycogen and production of lactic acid 
E) Autoimmune disease

Question 15

In ankylosing spondylitis, the CD8+ T cells are presented with which of the following antigens?

Accepted Answer

A) Synovium 
B) Cartilage 
C) Tendons 
D) Ligaments 
A) Synovium 
B) Cartilage 
C) Tendons 
D) Ligaments

Question 16

A tear in a ligament is known as a:

Accepted Answer

A) fracture. 
B) strain. 
C) disunion. 
D) sprain. 
A) fracture. 
B) strain. 
C) disunion. 
D) sprain.

Question 17

Which disorder is characterized by the formation of abnormal new bone at an accelerated rate beginning with excessive resorption of spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

A) Osteomalacia 
B) Paget disease 
C) Osteoporosis 
D) Osteosarcoma 
A) Osteomalacia 
B) Paget disease 
C) Osteoporosis 
D) Osteosarcoma

Question 18

A woman with a bone density of 675 mg/cm² would be described as having:

Accepted Answer

A) osteoplasia. 
B) osteoporosis. 
C) osteopenia. 
D) osteomalacia. 
A) osteoplasia. 
B) osteoporosis. 
C) osteopenia. 
D) osteomalacia.

Question 19

Rhabdomyolysis is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

A) paralysis of skeletal muscles resulting from impaired nerve supply. 
B) smooth muscle degeneration resulting from ischemia. 
C) lysis of skeletal muscle cells through the initiation of the complement cascade. 
D) release of myoglobin from damaged striated muscle cells. 
A) paralysis of skeletal muscles resulting from impaired nerve supply. 
B) smooth muscle degeneration resulting from ischemia. 
C) lysis of skeletal muscle cells through the initiation of the complement cascade. 
D) release of myoglobin from damaged striated muscle cells.

Question 20

Considering the pathophysiology of osteoporosis, which cytokines and hormones decrease receptor activator of RANKL expression?

Accepted Answer

A) IL-4 and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-ß) 
B) IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) 
C) IL-11 and glucocorticoids 
D) IL-17 and parathyroid hormone (PTH) 
A) IL-4 and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-ß) 
B) IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) 
C) IL-11 and glucocorticoids 
D) IL-17 and parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Exam 42: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Bone is unique among body tissue because after a fracture that destroys bone, a new bone is formed, but there is no scar tissue.

Compartment syndromes are a localized form of crush syndromes.

Match the phrases with the corresponding characteristics. -McArdle disease

People with gout are at high risk for:

What is a primary defect in osteoarthritis (OA)?

A fracture in which the bone breaks into two or more fragments is a comminuted fracture.

_____ fractures usually occur in individuals who engage in a new activity that is strenuous and repetitive.

Cutaneous, sinus, ear, and dental infections are primary sources of bacteria in hematogenous bone infections.

Which of the following is a characteristic of osteosarcoma?

Improper reduction or immobilization of a fractured femur results in which of the following after cast removal?

Receptor activator of nuclear factor kb ligand (RANKL) expression is inversely correlated with serum level of 17 b-estradiol (i.e., with estradiol deficiency, RANKL is increased).

By the time osteoporosis is visible on x-ray, up to ____% of bone has been lost.

Which joint disease is characterized by joint stiffness on movement and joint pain of weight-bearing joints that usually is relieved by rest?

Match the phrases with the corresponding characteristics. -Myositis

In ankylosing spondylitis, the CD8+ T cells are presented with which of the following antigens?

A tear in a ligament is known as a:

Which disorder is characterized by the formation of abnormal new bone at an accelerated rate beginning with excessive resorption of spongy bone?

A woman with a bone density of 675 mg/cm² would be described as having:

Rhabdomyolysis is characterized by:

Considering the pathophysiology of osteoporosis, which cytokines and hormones decrease receptor activator of RANKL expression?

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive System

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adult

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

Filters

In ankylosing spondylitis, the CD8⁺ T cells are presented with which of the following antigens?