Question 1

The relationship between the endocrine system and aging has been clearly defined.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

Which hormone is involved in the regulation of serum calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

A) Parathyroid hormone (PTH) 
B) Thyroxine (T4) 
C) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) 
D) Triiodothyronine (T3) 
A) Parathyroid hormone (PTH) 
B) Thyroxine (T4) 
C) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) 
D) Triiodothyronine (T3) A

Question 3

The thyroid gland produces 90% T₄ and 10% T₃, but T₃ has the greater metabolic effect.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is released to stimulate thyroid hormones and is inhibited when plasma levels of thyroid hormone are adequate.This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A) positive feedback. 
B) negative feedback. 
C) neural regulation. 
D) physiologic regulation. 
A) positive feedback. 
B) negative feedback. 
C) neural regulation. 
D) physiologic regulation.

Question 5

Norepinephrine stimulates the release of which hormone?

Accepted Answer

A) Thyroxine 
B) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) 
C) Growth hormone (GH) 
D) Insulin 
A) Thyroxine 
B) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) 
C) Growth hormone (GH) 
D) Insulin

Question 6

A person who has experienced physiologic stresses will have increased levels of which hormone?

Accepted Answer

A) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) 
B) Thyroid hormones 
C) Somatostatin 
D) Alpha endorphin 
A) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) 
B) Thyroid hormones 
C) Somatostatin 
D) Alpha endorphin

Question 7

Regulation of the release of epinephrine from the adrenal medulla is an example of _____ regulation.

Accepted Answer

A) negative-feedback 
B) positive-feedback 
C) neural 
D) physiologic 
A) negative-feedback 
B) positive-feedback 
C) neural 
D) physiologic

Question 8

Aldosterone synthesis and secretion are primarily regulated by the:

Accepted Answer

A) liver. 
B) renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. 
C) adrenal glands. 
D) hypothalamus. 
A) liver. 
B) renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. 
C) adrenal glands. 
D) hypothalamus.

Question 9

Osmoreceptors of the hypothalamus do not affect the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Where is antidiuretic hormone (ADH) synthesized and where does it act?

Accepted Answer

A) Synthesized in the hypothalamus; acts in renal collecting ducts 
B) Synthesized in the renal tubules; acts in renal collecting ducts 
C) Synthesized in the anterior pituitary; acts in the posterior pituitary 
D) Synthesized in the posterior pituitary; acts in loop of Henle 
A) Synthesized in the hypothalamus; acts in renal collecting ducts 
B) Synthesized in the renal tubules; acts in renal collecting ducts 
C) Synthesized in the anterior pituitary; acts in the posterior pituitary 
D) Synthesized in the posterior pituitary; acts in loop of Henle

Question 11

Hormones are effective communicators because they:

Accepted Answer

A) are regularly synthesized in response to cellular and tissue activities. 
B) increase their secretion in response to rising hormone levels. 
C) are rapidly degraded once they enter the cell. 
D) decrease their secretion in response to rising plasma hormone levels. 
A) are regularly synthesized in response to cellular and tissue activities. 
B) increase their secretion in response to rising hormone levels. 
C) are rapidly degraded once they enter the cell. 
D) decrease their secretion in response to rising plasma hormone levels.

Question 12

Which mineral is needed for the synthesis of thyroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

A) Iron 
B) Zinc 
C) Iodide 
D) Copper 
A) Iron 
B) Zinc 
C) Iodide 
D) Copper

Question 13

Match the anatomic structure with its hormone. Names of structures may be used more than once.
-Cortisol

Accepted Answer

A) Anterior pituitary 
B) Posterior pituitary 
C) Thyroid 
D) Adrenal cortex 
E) Adrenal medulla 
A) Anterior pituitary 
B) Posterior pituitary 
C) Thyroid 
D) Adrenal cortex 
E) Adrenal medulla

Question 14

Which of the following is secreted by the adrenal medulla?

Accepted Answer

A) Cortisol 
B) Epinephrine 
C) Androgens 
D) Aldosterone 
A) Cortisol 
B) Epinephrine 
C) Androgens 
D) Aldosterone

Question 15

Deficiencies in calcitonin lead to hypocalcemia.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

More epinephrine than norepinephrine is secreted by the adrenal medulla.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Calcium is rigidly controlled within cells.It is highly regulated because it:

Accepted Answer

A) is controlled by the calcium negative-feedback loop. 
B) is continuously synthesized. 
C) acts as a second messenger. 
D) carries lipid-soluble hormones in the bloodstream. 
A) is controlled by the calcium negative-feedback loop. 
B) is continuously synthesized. 
C) acts as a second messenger. 
D) carries lipid-soluble hormones in the bloodstream.

Question 18

What hormone or electrolyte imbalance slows down the rate of secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

Accepted Answer

A) Increased serum calcium levels 
B) Decreased serum magnesium levels 
C) Decreased levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) 
D) Increased levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) 
A) Increased serum calcium levels 
B) Decreased serum magnesium levels 
C) Decreased levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) 
D) Increased levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 19

Match the anatomic structure with its hormone. Names of structures may be used more than once.
-Epinephrine

Accepted Answer

A) Anterior pituitary 
B) Posterior pituitary 
C) Thyroid 
D) Adrenal cortex 
E) Adrenal medulla 
A) Anterior pituitary 
B) Posterior pituitary 
C) Thyroid 
D) Adrenal cortex 
E) Adrenal medulla

Question 20

Under what circumstances does antidiuretic hormone act to cause vasoconstriction?

Accepted Answer

A) When urine output is less than 20 ml/hr 
B) When serum osmolality is increased 
C) When osmotic and oncotic pressures are increased 
D) When vasopressin is given pharmacologically 
A) When urine output is less than 20 ml/hr 
B) When serum osmolality is increased 
C) When osmotic and oncotic pressures are increased 
D) When vasopressin is given pharmacologically

Exam 20: Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

The relationship between the endocrine system and aging has been clearly defined.

Which hormone is involved in the regulation of serum calcium levels?

The thyroid gland produces 90% T₄ and 10% T₃, but T₃ has the greater metabolic effect.

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is released to stimulate thyroid hormones and is inhibited when plasma levels of thyroid hormone are adequate.This is an example of:

Norepinephrine stimulates the release of which hormone?

A person who has experienced physiologic stresses will have increased levels of which hormone?

Regulation of the release of epinephrine from the adrenal medulla is an example of _____ regulation.

Aldosterone synthesis and secretion are primarily regulated by the:

Osmoreceptors of the hypothalamus do not affect the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

Where is antidiuretic hormone (ADH) synthesized and where does it act?

Hormones are effective communicators because they:

Which mineral is needed for the synthesis of thyroid hormones?

Match the anatomic structure with its hormone. Names of structures may be used more than once. -Cortisol

Which of the following is secreted by the adrenal medulla?

Deficiencies in calcitonin lead to hypocalcemia.

More epinephrine than norepinephrine is secreted by the adrenal medulla.

Calcium is rigidly controlled within cells.It is highly regulated because it:

What hormone or electrolyte imbalance slows down the rate of secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

Match the anatomic structure with its hormone. Names of structures may be used more than once. -Epinephrine

Under what circumstances does antidiuretic hormone act to cause vasoconstriction?

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive System

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adult

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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