Question 1

Paradoxical breathing is an ominous sign in premature infants.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

Surfactant is produced by the fourth week of gestation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is best described as a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) obstructive airway disease characterized by reversible airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperreactivity, and inflammation. 
B) pulmonary disease characterized by severe hypoxemia, decreased pulmonary compliance, and diffuse densities on chest x-ray. 
C) respiratory disorder involving an abnormal expression of a protein producing viscous mucus that lines the airways, pancreas, sweat ducts, and vas deferens. 
D) pulmonary disorder characterized by atelectasis and increased pulmonary resistance as a result of a surfactant deficiency. 
A) obstructive airway disease characterized by reversible airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperreactivity, and inflammation. 
B) pulmonary disease characterized by severe hypoxemia, decreased pulmonary compliance, and diffuse densities on chest x-ray. 
C) respiratory disorder involving an abnormal expression of a protein producing viscous mucus that lines the airways, pancreas, sweat ducts, and vas deferens. 
D) pulmonary disorder characterized by atelectasis and increased pulmonary resistance as a result of a surfactant deficiency. B

Question 4

What is the primary cause of RDS of the newborn?

Accepted Answer

A) An immature immune system 
B) Small alveoli 
C) A surfactant deficiency 
D) Anemia 
A) An immature immune system 
B) Small alveoli 
C) A surfactant deficiency 
D) Anemia

Question 5

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) autosomal recessive inheritance. 
B) autosomal dominant inheritance. 
C) infection. 
D) malignancy. 
A) autosomal recessive inheritance. 
B) autosomal dominant inheritance. 
C) infection. 
D) malignancy.

Question 6

Children with chronic asthma have clubbing of fingers and toes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Asthma is one of the leading chronic illnesses in children and has become more prevalent in the past two decades.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Cystic fibrosis is best described as a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) obstructive airway disease characterized by reversible airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperreactivity, and inflammation. 
B) respiratory disease characterized by severe hypoxemia, decreased pulmonary compliance, and diffuse densities on chest x-ray. 
C) pulmonary disorder involving an abnormal expression of a protein producing viscous mucus that obstructs the airways, pancreas, sweat ducts, and vas deferens. 
D) pulmonary disorder characterized by atelectasis and increased pulmonary resistance as a result of a surfactant deficiency. 
A) obstructive airway disease characterized by reversible airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperreactivity, and inflammation. 
B) respiratory disease characterized by severe hypoxemia, decreased pulmonary compliance, and diffuse densities on chest x-ray. 
C) pulmonary disorder involving an abnormal expression of a protein producing viscous mucus that obstructs the airways, pancreas, sweat ducts, and vas deferens. 
D) pulmonary disorder characterized by atelectasis and increased pulmonary resistance as a result of a surfactant deficiency.

Question 9

Which T lymphocyte phenotype is the key determinant of childhood asthma?

Accepted Answer

A) CD4 T-helper Th1 lymphocytes 
B) CD4 T-helper Th2 lymphocytes 
C) CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes 
D) Memory T lymphocytes 
A) CD4 T-helper Th1 lymphocytes 
B) CD4 T-helper Th2 lymphocytes 
C) CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes 
D) Memory T lymphocytes

Question 10

The chief predisposing factor for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of the newborn is:

Accepted Answer

A) low birth weight. 
B) alcohol consumption during pregnancy. 
C) premature birth. 
D) smoking during pregnancy. 
A) low birth weight. 
B) alcohol consumption during pregnancy. 
C) premature birth. 
D) smoking during pregnancy.

Question 11

Infants up to 3 months of age are obligatory mouth breathers.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which of the following types of croup is most common?

Accepted Answer

A) Bacterial 
B) Viral 
C) Fungal 
D) Autoimmune 
A) Bacterial 
B) Viral 
C) Fungal 
D) Autoimmune

Question 13

Rhinorrhea, sore throat, a low-grade fever, and a seal-like barking cough are clinical manifestations indicative of:

Accepted Answer

A) epiglottitis. 
B) retropharyngeal abscess. 
C) bacterial tracheitis. 
D) croup. 
A) epiglottitis. 
B) retropharyngeal abscess. 
C) bacterial tracheitis. 
D) croup.

Question 14

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) occurs most often between _____ and _____ months of age.

Accepted Answer

A) 1; 2 
B) 3; 4 
C) 5; 6 
D) 6; 7 
A) 1; 2 
B) 3; 4 
C) 5; 6 
D) 6; 7

Question 15

Match the sound of stridor with the location of the problem.
-Tracheal problems

Accepted Answer

A) Sonorous snoring 
B) Muffled voice 
C) High-pitched inspiratory sound, voice change, hoarse 
D) Expiratory stridor or central wheeze 
E) Expiratory wheezes 
A) Sonorous snoring 
B) Muffled voice 
C) High-pitched inspiratory sound, voice change, hoarse 
D) Expiratory stridor or central wheeze 
E) Expiratory wheezes

Question 16

The risk for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) decreases for premature infants when they are born after _____ weeks of gestation.

Accepted Answer

A) 16 
B) 20 
C) 24 
D) 30 
A) 16 
B) 20 
C) 24 
D) 30

Question 17

Match the sound of stridor with the location of the problem.
-Pharyngeal problems

Accepted Answer

A) Sonorous snoring 
B) Muffled voice 
C) High-pitched inspiratory sound, voice change, hoarse 
D) Expiratory stridor or central wheeze 
E) Expiratory wheezes 
A) Sonorous snoring 
B) Muffled voice 
C) High-pitched inspiratory sound, voice change, hoarse 
D) Expiratory stridor or central wheeze 
E) Expiratory wheezes

Question 18

Which of the following shows the correct sequence of events after atelectasis develops in respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn?

Accepted Answer

A) Increased pulmonary vascular resistance, atelectasis, hypoperfusion 
B) Pulmonary hypoperfusion, hypoxic vasoconstriction, right-to-left shunt 
C) Respiratory acidosis, hypoxemia, hypercapnia 
D) Right-to-left shunt, hypoxic vasoconstriction, hypoperfusion 
A) Increased pulmonary vascular resistance, atelectasis, hypoperfusion 
B) Pulmonary hypoperfusion, hypoxic vasoconstriction, right-to-left shunt 
C) Respiratory acidosis, hypoxemia, hypercapnia 
D) Right-to-left shunt, hypoxic vasoconstriction, hypoperfusion

Question 19

Signs of acute respiratory failure remain the same regardless of etiology.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The primary problem in RDS of the newborn is:

Accepted Answer

A) consolidation. 
B) pulmonary edema. 
C) atelectasis. 
D) bronchiolar plugging. 
A) consolidation. 
B) pulmonary edema. 
C) atelectasis. 
D) bronchiolar plugging.

Exam 34: Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Paradoxical breathing is an ominous sign in premature infants.

Surfactant is produced by the fourth week of gestation.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is best described as a(n):

What is the primary cause of RDS of the newborn?

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by a(n):

Children with chronic asthma have clubbing of fingers and toes.

Asthma is one of the leading chronic illnesses in children and has become more prevalent in the past two decades.

Cystic fibrosis is best described as a(n):

Which T lymphocyte phenotype is the key determinant of childhood asthma?

The chief predisposing factor for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of the newborn is:

Infants up to 3 months of age are obligatory mouth breathers.

Which of the following types of croup is most common?

Rhinorrhea, sore throat, a low-grade fever, and a seal-like barking cough are clinical manifestations indicative of:

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) occurs most often between _____ and _____ months of age.

Match the sound of stridor with the location of the problem. -Tracheal problems

The risk for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) decreases for premature infants when they are born after _____ weeks of gestation.

Match the sound of stridor with the location of the problem. -Pharyngeal problems

Which of the following shows the correct sequence of events after atelectasis develops in respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn?

Signs of acute respiratory failure remain the same regardless of etiology.

The primary problem in RDS of the newborn is:

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive System

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adult

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

Filters

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) occurs most often between _ and _ months of age.