Question 1

Hemoglobin in a fetus has less affinity for oxygen than hemoglobin in an adult.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

What is the name of the disorder in which levels of bilirubin remain excessively high in the newborn and are deposited in the brain?

Accepted Answer

A) Kernicterus 
B) Icterus neonatorum 
C) Jaundice 
D) Icterus gravis neonatorum 
A) Kernicterus 
B) Icterus neonatorum 
C) Jaundice 
D) Icterus gravis neonatorum A

Question 3

Which vitamin improves the absorption of oral iron taken to treat iron deficiency anemia in children?

Accepted Answer

A) Vitamin A 
B) Vitamin B 
C) Vitamin C 
D) Vitamin E 
A) Vitamin A 
B) Vitamin B 
C) Vitamin C 
D) Vitamin E C

Question 4

The most dramatic form of acquired congenital hemolytic anemia is hemolytic disease of the newborn, also called erythroblastosis fetalis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Sickled erythrocytes (characteristic of sickle cell anemia) are stiff and cannot change shape as easily as normal erythrocytes and thus tend to plug the microcirculation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Between 4 years of age and the onset of puberty, dietary iron deficiency is common.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

How does HDN cause acquired congenital hemolytic anemia?

Accepted Answer

A) HDN develops when hypoxia or dehydration cause the erythrocytes to change shapes, which are then recognized as foreign and removed from circulation. 
B) HDN is an alloimmune disease in which the mother's immune system produces antibodies against fetal erythrocytes, which are recognized as foreign and removed from circulation. 
C) HDN develops when the polycythemia present in fetal life continues after birth, causing the excessive number of erythrocytes to be removed from circulation. 
D) HDN is an autoimmune disease in which the fetus's immune system produces antibodies against fetal erythrocytes, which are recognized as foreign and removed from circulation. 
A) HDN develops when hypoxia or dehydration cause the erythrocytes to change shapes, which are then recognized as foreign and removed from circulation. 
B) HDN is an alloimmune disease in which the mother's immune system produces antibodies against fetal erythrocytes, which are recognized as foreign and removed from circulation. 
C) HDN develops when the polycythemia present in fetal life continues after birth, causing the excessive number of erythrocytes to be removed from circulation. 
D) HDN is an autoimmune disease in which the fetus's immune system produces antibodies against fetal erythrocytes, which are recognized as foreign and removed from circulation.

Question 8

Match the type of hemophilia with its characteristics. Terms may be used more than once.
-Caused by clotting factor IX deficiency and is an X-linked recessive trait

Accepted Answer

A) Hemophilia A 
B) Hemophilia B 
C) Hemophilia C 
D) von Willebrand disease 
A) Hemophilia A 
B) Hemophilia B 
C) Hemophilia C 
D) von Willebrand disease

Question 9

The type of anemia that occurs as a result of thalassemia is:

Accepted Answer

A) microcytic, hypochromic. 
B) microcytic, normochromic. 
C) macrocytic, hyperchromic. 
D) macrocytic, normochromic. 
A) microcytic, hypochromic. 
B) microcytic, normochromic. 
C) macrocytic, hyperchromic. 
D) macrocytic, normochromic.

Question 10

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune process involving antibodies against:

Accepted Answer

A) neutrophils. 
B) eosinophils. 
C) platelets. 
D) basophils. 
A) neutrophils. 
B) eosinophils. 
C) platelets. 
D) basophils.

Question 11

Sickle cell crisis can be prevented by avoiding fever, infection, acidosis, dehydration, constricting clothing, and exposure to cold.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Hemophilia A is inherited in an _____ fashion.

Accepted Answer

A) autosomal dominant 
B) autosomal recessive 
C) X-linked recessive 
D) X-linked dominant 
A) autosomal dominant 
B) autosomal recessive 
C) X-linked recessive 
D) X-linked dominant

Question 13

Using the prepregnancy sickle test, fertilization produces several embryos that are tested for the sickle gene.An embryo without the gene is implanted in the mother and amniocentesis confirms whether the fetus has the sickle cell gene.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Match the sickle cell crises with its description. Terms may be used more than once.
-Compensatory erythropoiesis is compromised, thus limiting the number of erythrocytes that are replaced.

Accepted Answer

A) Vaso-occlusive crisis 
B) Aplastic crisis 
C) Sequestration crisis 
D) Hyperhemolytic crisis 
A) Vaso-occlusive crisis 
B) Aplastic crisis 
C) Sequestration crisis 
D) Hyperhemolytic crisis

Question 15

Fetal hemoglobin has a greater affinity for oxygen than adult hemoglobin because:

Accepted Answer

A) the fetus does not have its own oxygen supply and must rely on oxygen from the maternal vascular system. 
B) the fetus has two γ-chains on the hemoglobin, rather than two ß-chains as in the adult. 
C) fetal hemoglobin interacts less readily with DPG, which inhibits hemoglobin-oxygen binding. 
D) fetal hemoglobin production occurs in the vessels and liver rather than in the bone marrow as in the adult. 
A) the fetus does not have its own oxygen supply and must rely on oxygen from the maternal vascular system. 
B) the fetus has two γ-chains on the hemoglobin, rather than two ß-chains as in the adult. 
C) fetal hemoglobin interacts less readily with DPG, which inhibits hemoglobin-oxygen binding. 
D) fetal hemoglobin production occurs in the vessels and liver rather than in the bone marrow as in the adult.

Question 16

Hemoglobin S (Hb S) is formed in sickle cell disease as a result of a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) deficiency in G6PD that changes Hb A to Hb S. 
B) genetic mutation in which two amino acids (histidine and leucine) are missing. 
C) genetic mutation in which one amino acid (valine) is replaced by another (glutamic acid). 
D) autoimmune response in which one amino acid (proline) is detected as an antigen by abnormal IgG. 
A) deficiency in G6PD that changes Hb A to Hb S. 
B) genetic mutation in which two amino acids (histidine and leucine) are missing. 
C) genetic mutation in which one amino acid (valine) is replaced by another (glutamic acid). 
D) autoimmune response in which one amino acid (proline) is detected as an antigen by abnormal IgG.

Question 17

Which blood cells are elevated at birth, but decrease to adult levels the first year of life?

Accepted Answer

A) Monocytes 
B) Platelets 
C) Neutrophils 
D) Lymphocytes 
A) Monocytes 
B) Platelets 
C) Neutrophils 
D) Lymphocytes

Question 18

HDN can occur only if antigens on fetal erythrocytes differ from antigens on maternal erythrocytes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The most common cause of anemia from insufficient erythropoiesis in children is:

Accepted Answer

A) folic acid deficiency. 
B) iron deficiency. 
C) hemoglobin abnormality. 
D) erythrocyte abnormality. 
A) folic acid deficiency. 
B) iron deficiency. 
C) hemoglobin abnormality. 
D) erythrocyte abnormality.

Question 20

Match the sickle cell crises with its description. Terms may be used more than once.
-Blood flow is impaired by tangled masses of rigid, sickled cells.

Accepted Answer

A) Vaso-occlusive crisis 
B) Aplastic crisis 
C) Sequestration crisis 
D) Hyperhemolytic crisis 
A) Vaso-occlusive crisis 
B) Aplastic crisis 
C) Sequestration crisis 
D) Hyperhemolytic crisis

Exam 28: Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Hemoglobin in a fetus has less affinity for oxygen than hemoglobin in an adult.

What is the name of the disorder in which levels of bilirubin remain excessively high in the newborn and are deposited in the brain?

Which vitamin improves the absorption of oral iron taken to treat iron deficiency anemia in children?

The most dramatic form of acquired congenital hemolytic anemia is hemolytic disease of the newborn, also called erythroblastosis fetalis.

Sickled erythrocytes (characteristic of sickle cell anemia) are stiff and cannot change shape as easily as normal erythrocytes and thus tend to plug the microcirculation.

Between 4 years of age and the onset of puberty, dietary iron deficiency is common.

How does HDN cause acquired congenital hemolytic anemia?

Match the type of hemophilia with its characteristics. Terms may be used more than once. -Caused by clotting factor IX deficiency and is an X-linked recessive trait

The type of anemia that occurs as a result of thalassemia is:

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune process involving antibodies against:

Sickle cell crisis can be prevented by avoiding fever, infection, acidosis, dehydration, constricting clothing, and exposure to cold.

Hemophilia A is inherited in an _____ fashion.

Using the prepregnancy sickle test, fertilization produces several embryos that are tested for the sickle gene.An embryo without the gene is implanted in the mother and amniocentesis confirms whether the fetus has the sickle cell gene.

Match the sickle cell crises with its description. Terms may be used more than once. -Compensatory erythropoiesis is compromised, thus limiting the number of erythrocytes that are replaced.

Fetal hemoglobin has a greater affinity for oxygen than adult hemoglobin because:

Hemoglobin S (Hb S) is formed in sickle cell disease as a result of a(n):

Which blood cells are elevated at birth, but decrease to adult levels the first year of life?

HDN can occur only if antigens on fetal erythrocytes differ from antigens on maternal erythrocytes.

The most common cause of anemia from insufficient erythropoiesis in children is:

Match the sickle cell crises with its description. Terms may be used more than once. -Blood flow is impaired by tangled masses of rigid, sickled cells.

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive System

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adult

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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