Question 1

The _____ controls reflex activities concerned with heart rate, blood pressure, respirations, sneezing, swallowing, and coughing.

Accepted Answer

A) pons 
B) midbrain 
C) cerebellum 
D) medulla oblongata 
A) pons 
B) midbrain 
C) cerebellum 
D) medulla oblongata D

Question 2

From which part of the midbrain do cranial nerves IX to XII emerge?

Accepted Answer

A) Midbrain 
B) Pons 
C) Medulla oblongata 
D) Lateral colliculi 
A) Midbrain 
B) Pons 
C) Medulla oblongata 
D) Lateral colliculi C

Question 3

Match the function with the appropriate cranial nerve.
-Oculomotor nerve

Accepted Answer

A) Innervates muscles that move the eye downward and inward 
B) Has motor and sensory functions to face, mouth, nose, and eyes 
C) Controls size, shape, and equality of pupils 
D) Causes motor functions to pharynx and salivary glands and sensory functions from pharynx and tongue 
E) Innervated muscles that move the eye laterally
F)Carries sensory and motor action to the tongue
G)Carries impulse for sense of smell
H)Carries motor and sensory fibers of abdominal organs
I)Transmits impulses for sense of hearing
J)Carries sensory and motor fibers to pharynx and larynx 
A) Innervates muscles that move the eye downward and inward 
B) Has motor and sensory functions to face, mouth, nose, and eyes 
C) Controls size, shape, and equality of pupils 
D) Causes motor functions to pharynx and salivary glands and sensory functions from pharynx and tongue 
E) Innervated muscles that move the eye laterally
F)Carries sensory and motor action to the tongue
G)Carries impulse for sense of smell
H)Carries motor and sensory fibers of abdominal organs
I)Transmits impulses for sense of hearing
J)Carries sensory and motor fibers to pharynx and larynx C

Question 4

What is the function of arachnoid villi?

Accepted Answer

A) To produce cerebrospinal fluid 
B) To provide nutrients to the choroid plexuses 
C) To transmit impulses within the meninges 
D) To absorb cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) into the cerebral venous sinuses 
A) To produce cerebrospinal fluid 
B) To provide nutrients to the choroid plexuses 
C) To transmit impulses within the meninges 
D) To absorb cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) into the cerebral venous sinuses

Question 5

From which part of the midbrain do cranial nerves V to VIII emerge?

Accepted Answer

A) Midbrain 
B) Pons 
C) Medulla oblongata 
D) Lateral colliculi 
A) Midbrain 
B) Pons 
C) Medulla oblongata 
D) Lateral colliculi

Question 6

The parasympathetic nervous system functions to conserve and restore energy.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

What produces cerebrospinal fluid?

Accepted Answer

A) Arachnoid villi 
B) Choroid plexuses 
C) Ependymal cells 
D) Pia mater 
A) Arachnoid villi 
B) Choroid plexuses 
C) Ependymal cells 
D) Pia mater

Question 8

Match the function with the appropriate cranial nerve.
-Trochlear nerve

Accepted Answer

A) Innervates muscles that move the eye downward and inward 
B) Has motor and sensory functions to face, mouth, nose, and eyes 
C) Controls size, shape, and equality of pupils 
D) Causes motor functions to pharynx and salivary glands and sensory functions from pharynx and tongue 
E) Innervated muscles that move the eye laterally
F)Carries sensory and motor action to the tongue
G)Carries impulse for sense of smell
H)Carries motor and sensory fibers of abdominal organs
I)Transmits impulses for sense of hearing
J)Carries sensory and motor fibers to pharynx and larynx 
A) Innervates muscles that move the eye downward and inward 
B) Has motor and sensory functions to face, mouth, nose, and eyes 
C) Controls size, shape, and equality of pupils 
D) Causes motor functions to pharynx and salivary glands and sensory functions from pharynx and tongue 
E) Innervated muscles that move the eye laterally
F)Carries sensory and motor action to the tongue
G)Carries impulse for sense of smell
H)Carries motor and sensory fibers of abdominal organs
I)Transmits impulses for sense of hearing
J)Carries sensory and motor fibers to pharynx and larynx

Question 9

Which cranial nerves contain parasympathetic nerves?

Accepted Answer

A) Cranial nerves I (olfactory), II (optic), XI (spinal accessory), XII (hypoglossal) 
B) Cranial nerves III (oculomotor), VII (facial), IX (glossopharyngeal), X (vagus) 
C) Cranial nerves IV (trochlear), V (trigeminal), VI (abducens), VIII (vestibulocochlear) 
D) Cranial nerves IX (glossopharyngeal), X (vagus), XI (spinal accessory), XII (hypoglossal) 
A) Cranial nerves I (olfactory), II (optic), XI (spinal accessory), XII (hypoglossal) 
B) Cranial nerves III (oculomotor), VII (facial), IX (glossopharyngeal), X (vagus) 
C) Cranial nerves IV (trochlear), V (trigeminal), VI (abducens), VIII (vestibulocochlear) 
D) Cranial nerves IX (glossopharyngeal), X (vagus), XI (spinal accessory), XII (hypoglossal)

Question 10

Most of the blood vessels involved in the control of blood pressure are innervated by sympathetic nerves.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

What parts of the brain mediate the expression of affect, both emotional and behavioral states?

Accepted Answer

A) Hypothalamus and subthalamus 
B) Parietal and frontal lobes 
C) Limbic system and prefrontal cortex 
D) Basal ganglia 
A) Hypothalamus and subthalamus 
B) Parietal and frontal lobes 
C) Limbic system and prefrontal cortex 
D) Basal ganglia

Question 12

What is the primary response from norepinephrine?

Accepted Answer

A) Increased heart rate and contractility 
B) Release of renin from the kidney 
C) Vasoconstriction 
D) Pupillary dilation 
A) Increased heart rate and contractility 
B) Release of renin from the kidney 
C) Vasoconstriction 
D) Pupillary dilation

Question 13

What is an effect of the sympathetic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A) Stimulates peristalsis 
B) Increases blood sugar levels 
C) Reduces heart rate 
D) Causes pupillary constriction 
A) Stimulates peristalsis 
B) Increases blood sugar levels 
C) Reduces heart rate 
D) Causes pupillary constriction

Question 14

Principal cellular changes associated with aging include lipofuscin deposition as well as the presence of neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The fight-or-flight response is primarily mediated by the parasympathetic nervous system.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

The _____ has two main functions: maintenance of a constant internal environment and implementation of behavioral patterns.

Accepted Answer

A) thalamus 
B) epithalamus 
C) subthalamus 
D) hypothalamus 
A) thalamus 
B) epithalamus 
C) subthalamus 
D) hypothalamus

Question 17

The spinal cord has no direct blood supply and receives its nutrition from cerebrospinal fluid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

During a synapse, what change occurs after the neurotransmitter binds to the receptor?

Accepted Answer

A) The permeability of the presynaptic neuron changes and consequently its membrane potential. 
B) The permeability of the postsynaptic neuron changes and consequently its membrane potential. 
C) The postsynaptic cell prevents any change in permeability and destroys the action potential. 
D) The presynaptic cell synthesizes and secretes additional neurotransmitter. 
A) The permeability of the presynaptic neuron changes and consequently its membrane potential. 
B) The permeability of the postsynaptic neuron changes and consequently its membrane potential. 
C) The postsynaptic cell prevents any change in permeability and destroys the action potential. 
D) The presynaptic cell synthesizes and secretes additional neurotransmitter.

Question 19

What is a characteristic of upper motor neurons?

Accepted Answer

A) They directly influence the muscles. 
B) They influence and modify spinal reflex arcs. 
C) Their cell bodies are located in the gray matter of the spinal cord. 
D) They extend their dendritic processes out of the central nervous system (CNS). 
A) They directly influence the muscles. 
B) They influence and modify spinal reflex arcs. 
C) Their cell bodies are located in the gray matter of the spinal cord. 
D) They extend their dendritic processes out of the central nervous system (CNS).

Question 20

Chemical synapses between neurons can send messages in both directions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 14: Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

The _____ controls reflex activities concerned with heart rate, blood pressure, respirations, sneezing, swallowing, and coughing.

From which part of the midbrain do cranial nerves IX to XII emerge?

Match the function with the appropriate cranial nerve. -Oculomotor nerve

What is the function of arachnoid villi?

From which part of the midbrain do cranial nerves V to VIII emerge?

The parasympathetic nervous system functions to conserve and restore energy.

What produces cerebrospinal fluid?

Match the function with the appropriate cranial nerve. -Trochlear nerve

Which cranial nerves contain parasympathetic nerves?

Most of the blood vessels involved in the control of blood pressure are innervated by sympathetic nerves.

What parts of the brain mediate the expression of affect, both emotional and behavioral states?

What is the primary response from norepinephrine?

What is an effect of the sympathetic nervous system?

Principal cellular changes associated with aging include lipofuscin deposition as well as the presence of neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques.

The fight-or-flight response is primarily mediated by the parasympathetic nervous system.

The _____ has two main functions: maintenance of a constant internal environment and implementation of behavioral patterns.

The spinal cord has no direct blood supply and receives its nutrition from cerebrospinal fluid.

During a synapse, what change occurs after the neurotransmitter binds to the receptor?

What is a characteristic of upper motor neurons?

Chemical synapses between neurons can send messages in both directions.

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive System

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adult

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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