Question 1

Match term with its definition.
-An important factor in determining a pathogen's ability to produce disease by production of a soluble toxin

Accepted Answer

A) Toxigenicity 
B) Infectivity 
C) Pathogenicity 
D) Virulence 
A) Toxigenicity 
B) Infectivity 
C) Pathogenicity 
D) Virulence A

Question 2

Match the microorganism with its characteristics. Answers may be used more than once.
-Survives by hiding within cells to avoid triggering an immune response

Accepted Answer

A) Bacteria 
B) Viruses 
C) Mycoses 
D) Fungi 
A) Bacteria 
B) Viruses 
C) Mycoses 
D) Fungi B

Question 3

For which microorganisms is the skin the site of reproduction?
a.Viruses
b.Bacteria and fungi
c.Protozoa and rickettsiae
d.Mycoplasma

Accepted Answer

B
Refer to Table 9-4.

Question 4

What is the role of reverse transcriptase in HIV infection?

Accepted Answer

A) It converts single DNA into double-stranded DNA. 
B) It is needed to produce integrase. 
C) It transports the RNA into the cell nucleus. 
D) It converts RNA into double-stranded DNA. 
A) It converts single DNA into double-stranded DNA. 
B) It is needed to produce integrase. 
C) It transports the RNA into the cell nucleus. 
D) It converts RNA into double-stranded DNA.

Question 5

A major immunologic finding in AIDS is the striking decrease in the number of which cells?

Accepted Answer

A) Macrophages 
B) CD8+ T cells 
C) CD4+ Th cells 
D) Memory T cells 
A) Macrophages 
B) CD8+ T cells 
C) CD4+ Th cells 
D) Memory T cells

Question 6

Match the microorganism with its characteristics. Answers may be used more than once.
-Staining makes microscopic observation possible

Accepted Answer

A) Bacteria 
B) Viruses 
C) Mycoses 
D) Fungi 
A) Bacteria 
B) Viruses 
C) Mycoses 
D) Fungi

Question 7

What of the following remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide?

Accepted Answer

A) Starvation 
B) Traumatic injury 
C) Cardiovascular disease 
D) Infectious disease 
A) Starvation 
B) Traumatic injury 
C) Cardiovascular disease 
D) Infectious disease

Question 8

Vaccines against viruses are made from:

Accepted Answer

A) killed organisms or extracts of antigens. 
B) live organisms weakened to produce antigens, which limits controllable infection. 
C) purified toxins that have been chemically detoxified without loss of immunogenicity. 
D) recombinant pathogenic protein. 
A) killed organisms or extracts of antigens. 
B) live organisms weakened to produce antigens, which limits controllable infection. 
C) purified toxins that have been chemically detoxified without loss of immunogenicity. 
D) recombinant pathogenic protein.

Question 9

Antibodies to HIV appear within weeks of transmission through blood products, but within months after sexual transmission.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Which statement is true about fungal infections?

Accepted Answer

A) They occur only on skin, hair, and nails. 
B) They are controlled by phagocytes and T lymphocytes. 
C) They result in release of endotoxins. 
D) They are be prevented by vaccines. 
A) They occur only on skin, hair, and nails. 
B) They are controlled by phagocytes and T lymphocytes. 
C) They result in release of endotoxins. 
D) They are be prevented by vaccines.

Question 11

A person with HIV infection is asymptomatic during the latency period because the HIV virus lies dormant in lymph nodes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

One systemic manifestation of an acute inflammatory response is fever that is produced by:

Accepted Answer

A) endogenous pyrogens acting directly on the hypothalamus. 
B) exogenous pyrogens acting directly on the hypothalamus. 
C) immune complexes acting indirectly on the hypothalamus. 
D) cytokines acting indirectly on the hypothalamus. 
A) endogenous pyrogens acting directly on the hypothalamus. 
B) exogenous pyrogens acting directly on the hypothalamus. 
C) immune complexes acting indirectly on the hypothalamus. 
D) cytokines acting indirectly on the hypothalamus.

Question 13

Cells in _____ may act as a reservoir in which HIV can be relatively protected from antiviral drugs.

Accepted Answer

A) the central nervous system 
B) bone marrow 
C) the thymus gland 
D) the lungs 
A) the central nervous system 
B) bone marrow 
C) the thymus gland 
D) the lungs

Question 14

Which cells are primary targets for HIV?

Accepted Answer

A) CD4+ Th cells only 
B) CD4+ Th cells, macrophages, and NK cells 
C) CD8-positive Tc cells and plasma cells 
D) CD8-positive Tc cells only 
A) CD4+ Th cells only 
B) CD4+ Th cells, macrophages, and NK cells 
C) CD8-positive Tc cells and plasma cells 
D) CD8-positive Tc cells only

Question 15

Diseases caused by fungi are called mycoses.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

One person with HIV cannot transmit the virus to others until HIV antibodies are detected.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Which of the following is a characteristic of HIV?

Accepted Answer

A) It only infects T helper cells. 
B) The virus is a retrovirus. 
C) It carries genetic information in DNA. 
D) Five strains have been identified. 
A) It only infects T helper cells. 
B) The virus is a retrovirus. 
C) It carries genetic information in DNA. 
D) Five strains have been identified.

Question 18

Immunoglobulins are important in controlling fungi.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Cytokines are thought to raise the thermoregulatory set point to cause fever by stimulating the synthesis of which chemical mediator?

Accepted Answer

A) Leukotriene 
B) Histamine 
C) Prostaglandin 
D) Bradykinin 
A) Leukotriene 
B) Histamine 
C) Prostaglandin 
D) Bradykinin

Question 20

Viruses have no metabolism and are incapable of independent reproduction.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 9: Infection

Match term with its definition. -An important factor in determining a pathogen's ability to produce disease by production of a soluble toxin

Match the microorganism with its characteristics. Answers may be used more than once. -Survives by hiding within cells to avoid triggering an immune response

For which microorganisms is the skin the site of reproduction? a.Viruses b.Bacteria and fungi c.Protozoa and rickettsiae d.Mycoplasma

What is the role of reverse transcriptase in HIV infection?

A major immunologic finding in AIDS is the striking decrease in the number of which cells?

Match the microorganism with its characteristics. Answers may be used more than once. -Staining makes microscopic observation possible

What of the following remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide?

Vaccines against viruses are made from:

Antibodies to HIV appear within weeks of transmission through blood products, but within months after sexual transmission.

Which statement is true about fungal infections?

A person with HIV infection is asymptomatic during the latency period because the HIV virus lies dormant in lymph nodes.

One systemic manifestation of an acute inflammatory response is fever that is produced by:

Cells in _____ may act as a reservoir in which HIV can be relatively protected from antiviral drugs.

Which cells are primary targets for HIV?

Diseases caused by fungi are called mycoses.

One person with HIV cannot transmit the virus to others until HIV antibodies are detected.

Which of the following is a characteristic of HIV?

Immunoglobulins are important in controlling fungi.

Cytokines are thought to raise the thermoregulatory set point to cause fever by stimulating the synthesis of which chemical mediator?

Viruses have no metabolism and are incapable of independent reproduction.

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Stress and Disease

Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive System

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adult

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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