Exam 31: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Kawasaki disease is a self-limiting systemic vasculitis.

An infant has a crescendo-decrescendo systolic ejection murmur located between the second and third intercostal spaces along the left sternal border.There is also a wide fixed splitting of the second heart sound.These clinical findings are consistent with which congenital heart defect?

When does systemic vascular resistance in infants begin to rise?

Match the phrases with the corresponding terms. -Foramen ovale

What is the most important clinical manifestation of aortic coarctation in the neonate?

Conditions in which a patent foramen ovale may continue past the first month of life include pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular (RV) failure, and tricuspid atresia.

An infant has a loud, harsh, holosystolic murmur and systolic thrill that can be detected at the left lower sternal border that radiates to the neck.These clinical findings are consistent with which congenital heart defect?

When does most cardiovascular development occur?

Whereas cardiogenesis begins at approximately 3 weeks' gestation, most cardiovascular development occurs between the fourth and seventh.

Match the phrases with the corresponding terms. -Bulbus cordis

Which of the following describes total anomalous pulmonary venous return?

Children with tetralogy of Fallot compensate to relieve hypoxic spells by:

Which heart defect results in a single vessel arising from both ventricles providing blood to both the pulmonary and systemic circulations?

Fetal heart contractions begin by approximately the twenty-eighth day of gestation.

Complete transposition of the great vessels is a congenital heart defect in which the left ventricle pumps blood to the pulmonary circulation.

At birth which of the following statements is true?

The infant diagnosed with a small patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is likely to present:

In some cases of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC), pulmonary veins drain into the vena cava.

Congenital heart defects that cause hypoxemia, and therefore cyanosis, usually involve:

Which heart defect produces a systolic ejection murmur at the right upper sternal border that transmits to the neck and left lower sternal border with an occasional ejection click?