Question 1

"Flight or fight" occurs in the exhaustion stage in the general adaptation syndrome (GAS).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

Which immune cells are suppressed by corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)?

Accepted Answer

A) B cells and eosinophils 
B) Cytokines and neutrophils 
C) Cytotoxic T cells and NK cells 
D) Helper T cells and monocyte-macrophage cells 
A) B cells and eosinophils 
B) Cytokines and neutrophils 
C) Cytotoxic T cells and NK cells 
D) Helper T cells and monocyte-macrophage cells D

Question 3

Stress-induced sympathetic stimulation of the adrenal medulla causes the secretion of catecholamines, which include:

Accepted Answer

A) epinephrine and aldosterone. 
B) norepinephrine and cortisol. 
C) epinephrine and norepinephrine. 
D) acetylcholine and cortisol. 
A) epinephrine and aldosterone. 
B) norepinephrine and cortisol. 
C) epinephrine and norepinephrine. 
D) acetylcholine and cortisol. C

Question 4

Which cytokines initiate the production of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)?

Accepted Answer

A) IL-1 and IL-6 
B) IL-2 and TNF-a 
C) IFN and IL-12 
D) TNF-ß and IL-4 
A) IL-1 and IL-6 
B) IL-2 and TNF-a 
C) IFN and IL-12 
D) TNF-ß and IL-4

Question 5

Which hormone increases the formation of glucose from amino acids and free fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

A) Epinephrine 
B) Norepinephrine 
C) Cortisol 
D) Growth hormone 
A) Epinephrine 
B) Norepinephrine 
C) Cortisol 
D) Growth hormone

Question 6

Although stress generally inhibits the female reproductive system, it increases the production of testosterone.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Match the hormone with its effects during a stress response. Hormones may be used more than once.
-Increases gastric secretions

Accepted Answer

A) Epinephrine 
B) Norepinephrine 
C) Cortisol 
A) Epinephrine 
B) Norepinephrine 
C) Cortisol

Question 8

The release of which cytokines is triggered by bacterial or viral infections, cancer, and tissue injury that in turn initiate a stress response?

Accepted Answer

A) IL-1 and IL-2 
B) IL-12, TNF-a, and colony-stimulating factor 
C) IFN, TNF-ß, and IL-6 
D) IL-4 and IL-24 
A) IL-1 and IL-2 
B) IL-12, TNF-a, and colony-stimulating factor 
C) IFN, TNF-ß, and IL-6 
D) IL-4 and IL-24

Question 9

The action of which hormone helps explain increases in affective anxiety and eating disorders, mood cycles, and vulnerability to autoimmune and inflammatory diseases in women as a result of stimulation of the CRH gene promoter and central norepinephrine system?

Accepted Answer

A) Progesterone 
B) Cortisol 
C) Estrogen 
D) Prolactin 
A) Progesterone 
B) Cortisol 
C) Estrogen 
D) Prolactin

Question 10

Stress-induced cortisol released from the adrenal cortex results in:

Accepted Answer

A) stimulation of gluconeogenesis. 
B) increased lipolysis. 
C) stimulation of glycogenolysis. 
D) increased peripheral uptake and use of glucose. 
A) stimulation of gluconeogenesis. 
B) increased lipolysis. 
C) stimulation of glycogenolysis. 
D) increased peripheral uptake and use of glucose.

Question 11

Lymphocytes secrete growth hormone (GH), prolactin, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and endorphins.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The effect that low serum albumin has on the central stress response is to:

Accepted Answer

A) impair circulation of epinephrine and norepinephrine. 
B) impair wound healing. 
C) lessen circulation of cortisol. 
D) diminish oncotic pressure. 
A) impair circulation of epinephrine and norepinephrine. 
B) impair wound healing. 
C) lessen circulation of cortisol. 
D) diminish oncotic pressure.

Question 13

During an anticipatory response to stress, the response from the limbic system is stimulated by the:

Accepted Answer

A) retronucleus of the anterior pituitary. 
B) anterior nucleus of the hippocampus. 
C) paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. 
D) prefrontal nucleus of the amygdala. 
A) retronucleus of the anterior pituitary. 
B) anterior nucleus of the hippocampus. 
C) paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. 
D) prefrontal nucleus of the amygdala.

Question 14

What effect do androgens have on lymphocytes?

Accepted Answer

A) Suppression of B cells and enhancement of T cells 
B) Suppression of T cells and enhancement of B cells 
C) Suppression of B cells and T cells 
D) Enhancement of B cells and T cells 
A) Suppression of B cells and enhancement of T cells 
B) Suppression of T cells and enhancement of B cells 
C) Suppression of B cells and T cells 
D) Enhancement of B cells and T cells

Question 15

What effect does estrogen have on lymphocytes?

Accepted Answer

A) Depression of B cells and enhancement of T cells 
B) Depression of T cells and enhancement of B cells 
C) Depression of B cells and T cells 
D) Enhancement of B cells and T cells 
A) Depression of B cells and enhancement of T cells 
B) Depression of T cells and enhancement of B cells 
C) Depression of B cells and T cells 
D) Enhancement of B cells and T cells

Question 16

Stress and negative emotions have not been associated with the production of increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Stress has no effect on the development of cancer.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Studies have shown a relationship between depression and reduction in lymphocyte proliferation and natural killer (NK) cell activity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Match the hormone with its effects during a stress response. Hormones may be used more than once.
-Increases cardiac output by increasing heart rate and myocardial contractility

Accepted Answer

A) Epinephrine 
B) Norepinephrine 
C) Cortisol 
A) Epinephrine 
B) Norepinephrine 
C) Cortisol

Question 20

The _____ is stimulated during the alarm phase of the GAS?

Accepted Answer

A) adrenal cortex 
B) hypothalamus 
C) anterior pituitary 
D) limbic system 
A) adrenal cortex 
B) hypothalamus 
C) anterior pituitary 
D) limbic system

Exam 10: Stress and Disease

"Flight or fight" occurs in the exhaustion stage in the general adaptation syndrome (GAS).

Which immune cells are suppressed by corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)?

Stress-induced sympathetic stimulation of the adrenal medulla causes the secretion of catecholamines, which include:

Which cytokines initiate the production of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)?

Which hormone increases the formation of glucose from amino acids and free fatty acids?

Although stress generally inhibits the female reproductive system, it increases the production of testosterone.

Match the hormone with its effects during a stress response. Hormones may be used more than once. -Increases gastric secretions

The release of which cytokines is triggered by bacterial or viral infections, cancer, and tissue injury that in turn initiate a stress response?

The action of which hormone helps explain increases in affective anxiety and eating disorders, mood cycles, and vulnerability to autoimmune and inflammatory diseases in women as a result of stimulation of the CRH gene promoter and central norepinephrine system?

Stress-induced cortisol released from the adrenal cortex results in:

Lymphocytes secrete growth hormone (GH), prolactin, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and endorphins.

The effect that low serum albumin has on the central stress response is to:

During an anticipatory response to stress, the response from the limbic system is stimulated by the:

What effect do androgens have on lymphocytes?

What effect does estrogen have on lymphocytes?

Stress and negative emotions have not been associated with the production of increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines.

Stress has no effect on the development of cancer.

Studies have shown a relationship between depression and reduction in lymphocyte proliferation and natural killer (NK) cell activity.

Match the hormone with its effects during a stress response. Hormones may be used more than once. -Increases cardiac output by increasing heart rate and myocardial contractility

The _____ is stimulated during the alarm phase of the GAS?

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive System

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adult

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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