Question 1

True microcephaly can be caused by:

Accepted Answer

A) autosomal gene alterations. 
B) infection. 
C) X-linked gene alterations. 
D) Toxic-induced chromosomal defects. 
E) maternal anorexia. 
A) autosomal gene alterations. 
B) infection. 
C) X-linked gene alterations. 
D) Toxic-induced chromosomal defects. 
E) maternal anorexia. A, C, D

Question 2

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms.
-Vomiting, lethargy, drowsiness

Accepted Answer

A) Reye syndrome, stage I 
B) Reye syndrome, stage II 
C) Reye syndrome, stage III 
D) Reye syndrome, stage IV 
E) Reye syndrome, stage V 
A) Reye syndrome, stage I 
B) Reye syndrome, stage II 
C) Reye syndrome, stage III 
D) Reye syndrome, stage IV 
E) Reye syndrome, stage V A

Question 3

Prompt surgical repair of a myelomeningocele is critical in the prevention of:

Accepted Answer

A) infection. 
B) paternal abandonment. 
C) mental retardation. 
D) additional nervous system damage. 
A) infection. 
B) paternal abandonment. 
C) mental retardation. 
D) additional nervous system damage. D

Question 4

Which defects of neural tube closure are most common?
a.Anterior
b.Posterior
c.Lateral
d.Midline

Accepted Answer

B
Posterio

Question 5

The neural groove closes dorsally during the _____ week of gestational life.

Accepted Answer

A) second 
B) fourth 
C) eighth 
D) twelfth 
A) second 
B) fourth 
C) eighth 
D) twelfth

Question 6

Which nutritional deficiency in a pregnant woman is associated with neural tube defect (NTD)?

Accepted Answer

A) Iron 
B) Vitamin C 
C) Zinc 
D) Folate 
A) Iron 
B) Vitamin C 
C) Zinc 
D) Folate

Question 7

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms.
-Seizures, loss of deep tendon reflexes, respiratory arrest

Accepted Answer

A) Reye syndrome, stage I 
B) Reye syndrome, stage II 
C) Reye syndrome, stage III 
D) Reye syndrome, stage IV 
E) Reye syndrome, stage V 
A) Reye syndrome, stage I 
B) Reye syndrome, stage II 
C) Reye syndrome, stage III 
D) Reye syndrome, stage IV 
E) Reye syndrome, stage V

Question 8

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms.
-Disorientation, aggressiveness, hyperactive reflexes

Accepted Answer

A) Reye syndrome, stage I 
B) Reye syndrome, stage II 
C) Reye syndrome, stage III 
D) Reye syndrome, stage IV 
E) Reye syndrome, stage V 
A) Reye syndrome, stage I 
B) Reye syndrome, stage II 
C) Reye syndrome, stage III 
D) Reye syndrome, stage IV 
E) Reye syndrome, stage V

Question 9

Children with Tay-Sachs disease usually die between ages 2 and 5 years.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Reye syndrome is associated with children who have taken aspirin while experiencing:

Accepted Answer

A) measles or mumps. 
B) influenza B or chickenpox. 
C) bacterial upper respiratory infections. 
D) bacterial ear infections. 
A) measles or mumps. 
B) influenza B or chickenpox. 
C) bacterial upper respiratory infections. 
D) bacterial ear infections.

Question 11

Obstructive hydrocephalus is most commonly caused by congenital aqueduct stenosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Lead absorption in children causes anemia by impairing the:

Accepted Answer

A) lysing of erythrocytes. 
B) absorption of vitamin B12. 
C) absorption of folic acid. 
D) absorption of iron. 
A) lysing of erythrocytes. 
B) absorption of vitamin B12. 
C) absorption of folic acid. 
D) absorption of iron.

Question 13

Seizures and seizure patterns may change as the child grows and develops.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which of the following may indicate an underlying condition of spina bifida?

Accepted Answer

A) Abnormal growth of skin along the spine 
B) A midline dimple with a sinus tract 
C) A cutaneous port-wine angioma 
D) A subcutaneous lipoma 
E) Coarse growth of hair along the spine 
A) Abnormal growth of skin along the spine 
B) A midline dimple with a sinus tract 
C) A cutaneous port-wine angioma 
D) A subcutaneous lipoma 
E) Coarse growth of hair along the spine

Question 15

Meningoceles occur at a greater frequency in the lumbar spine area.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Spina bifida occulta is characterized by a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) sac-like cyst of meninges protruding through vertebrae. 
B) abnormal growth of hair along the spine. 
C) decrease in head circumference. 
D) palpable unfused neural arch. 
A) sac-like cyst of meninges protruding through vertebrae. 
B) abnormal growth of hair along the spine. 
C) decrease in head circumference. 
D) palpable unfused neural arch.

Question 17

Match the tumor name with its site of development.
-Originates in the neural crest, which normally forms the sympathetic ganglia and adrenal medulla

Accepted Answer

A) Medulloblastoma 
B) Ependymoma 
C) Cerebellar astrocytoma 
D) Craniopharyngioma 
E) Neuroblastoma 
A) Medulloblastoma 
B) Ependymoma 
C) Cerebellar astrocytoma 
D) Craniopharyngioma 
E) Neuroblastoma

Question 18

Anterior midline defects of neural tube closure cause developmental defects in the:

Accepted Answer

A) brain and skull. 
B) spinal cord. 
C) vertebrae. 
D) peripheral nerves. 
A) brain and skull. 
B) spinal cord. 
C) vertebrae. 
D) peripheral nerves.

Question 19

Children with phenylketonuria (PKU) are unable to synthesize:

Accepted Answer

A) the essential amino acid phenylalanine to tyrosine. 
B) renin, erythropoietin, and antidiuretic hormone. 
C) aldosterone, cortisol, and androgens. 
D) neurotransmitters gamma-aminobutyric acid (GAB
A)  and acetylcholine. 
A) the essential amino acid phenylalanine to tyrosine. 
B) renin, erythropoietin, and antidiuretic hormone. 
C) aldosterone, cortisol, and androgens. 
D) neurotransmitters gamma-aminobutyric acid (GAB
A)  and acetylcholine.

Question 20

_____ refers to a herniation or protrusion of brain and meninges through a defect in the skull.

Accepted Answer

A) Encephalocele 
B) Meningocele 
C) Arachnoidocele 
D) Acephalocele 
A) Encephalocele 
B) Meningocele 
C) Arachnoidocele 
D) Acephalocele

Exam 19: Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

True microcephaly can be caused by:

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms. -Vomiting, lethargy, drowsiness

Prompt surgical repair of a myelomeningocele is critical in the prevention of:

Which defects of neural tube closure are most common? a.Anterior b.Posterior c.Lateral d.Midline

The neural groove closes dorsally during the _____ week of gestational life.

Which nutritional deficiency in a pregnant woman is associated with neural tube defect (NTD)?

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms. -Seizures, loss of deep tendon reflexes, respiratory arrest

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms. -Disorientation, aggressiveness, hyperactive reflexes

Children with Tay-Sachs disease usually die between ages 2 and 5 years.

Reye syndrome is associated with children who have taken aspirin while experiencing:

Obstructive hydrocephalus is most commonly caused by congenital aqueduct stenosis.

Lead absorption in children causes anemia by impairing the:

Seizures and seizure patterns may change as the child grows and develops.

Which of the following may indicate an underlying condition of spina bifida?

Meningoceles occur at a greater frequency in the lumbar spine area.

Spina bifida occulta is characterized by a(n):

Match the tumor name with its site of development. -Originates in the neural crest, which normally forms the sympathetic ganglia and adrenal medulla

Anterior midline defects of neural tube closure cause developmental defects in the:

Children with phenylketonuria (PKU) are unable to synthesize:

_____ refers to a herniation or protrusion of brain and meninges through a defect in the skull.

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive System

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adult

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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