Question 1

Normal intracranial pressure is _____ mm Hg.

Accepted Answer

A) 5 to 15 
B) 7 to 20 
C) 12 to 14 
D) 80 to 120 
A) 5 to 15 
B) 7 to 20 
C) 12 to 14 
D) 80 to 120 A

Question 2

Which dyskinesia involves involuntary movements of the face, trunk, and extremities?

Accepted Answer

A) Paroxysmal 
B) Tardive 
C) Hyperkinesia 
D) Cardive 
A) Paroxysmal 
B) Tardive 
C) Hyperkinesia 
D) Cardive B

Question 3

In 66% of cases, the etiology of epilepsy is not identified.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

Diagnostic criteria for a vegetative state (VS) include:

Accepted Answer

A) absence of eye opening. 
B) lack of subcortical responses to pain stimuli. 
C) roving eye movements with visual tracking. 
D) return of autonomic functions such as gastrointestinal function. 
A) absence of eye opening. 
B) lack of subcortical responses to pain stimuli. 
C) roving eye movements with visual tracking. 
D) return of autonomic functions such as gastrointestinal function.

Question 5

Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions.
-Lower motor neuron disorders

Accepted Answer

A) Paroxysmal dyskinesia 
B) Flaccidity 
C) Wernicke aphasia 
D) Spasticity 
E) Akinesia
F)Broca dysphasia 
A) Paroxysmal dyskinesia 
B) Flaccidity 
C) Wernicke aphasia 
D) Spasticity 
E) Akinesia
F)Broca dysphasia

Question 6

Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions.
-Expressive dysphasia

Accepted Answer

A) Paroxysmal dyskinesia 
B) Flaccidity 
C) Wernicke aphasia 
D) Spasticity 
E) Akinesia
F)Broca dysphasia 
A) Paroxysmal dyskinesia 
B) Flaccidity 
C) Wernicke aphasia 
D) Spasticity 
E) Akinesia
F)Broca dysphasia

Question 7

Characteristics of primary motor neuron amyotrophy include:

Accepted Answer

A) loss of sensation in distal, proximal, or midline muscles. 
B) fasciculations and muscle cramps in distal, proximal, or midline muscles. 
C) flaccid paralysis with paresthesia in distal, proximal, or midline muscles. 
D) spastic paralysis with increased deep tendon reflexes in distal, proximal, or midline muscles. 
A) loss of sensation in distal, proximal, or midline muscles. 
B) fasciculations and muscle cramps in distal, proximal, or midline muscles. 
C) flaccid paralysis with paresthesia in distal, proximal, or midline muscles. 
D) spastic paralysis with increased deep tendon reflexes in distal, proximal, or midline muscles.

Question 8

In posthyperventilation apnea (PHVA), respirations stop after hyperventilation followed by the return of rhythmic breathing.What stimulus causes the hyperventilation?

Accepted Answer

A) High arterial carbon dioxide 
B) Low arterial oxygen 
C) Normal arterial carbon dioxide 
D) High arterial oxygen 
A) High arterial carbon dioxide 
B) Low arterial oxygen 
C) Normal arterial carbon dioxide 
D) High arterial oxygen

Question 9

Which assessment finding marks the end of spinal shock?

Accepted Answer

A) Blood pressure and heart rate return to normal. 
B) Spinal reflexes gradually return. 
C) Bowel and bladder function return. 
D) Deep tendon reflexes diminish and flaccid paralysis is evident. 
A) Blood pressure and heart rate return to normal. 
B) Spinal reflexes gradually return. 
C) Bowel and bladder function return. 
D) Deep tendon reflexes diminish and flaccid paralysis is evident.

Question 10

The existence of regular, deep, and rapid respirations after a severe closed head injury is indicative of neurologic injury to the:

Accepted Answer

A) lower midbrain. 
B) pontine area. 
C) supratentorial. 
D) cerebral area. 
A) lower midbrain. 
B) pontine area. 
C) supratentorial. 
D) cerebral area.

Question 11

Huntington disease (HD) is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with high penetrance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

It is observed that a person with a severe closed head injury has all four extremities in rigid extension and forearm hyperpronation and legs with plantar extension.This finding is documented as __________ posturing.

Accepted Answer

A) decorticate 
B) decerebrate 
C) spastic 
D) cerebellar 
A) decorticate 
B) decerebrate 
C) spastic 
D) cerebellar

Question 13

Which edema is most often seen with noncommunicating hydrocephalus?

Accepted Answer

A) Metabolic 
B) Interstitial 
C) Vasogenic 
D) Ischemic 
A) Metabolic 
B) Interstitial 
C) Vasogenic 
D) Ischemic

Question 14

The tonic phase of a generalized seizure is characterized by alternating contractions and relaxation of muscles.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

During a generalized seizure the clonic phase begins as inhibitory neurons in the cortex, anterior thalamus, and basal ganglia to reduce the cortical excitation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

After a cerebrovascular accident, a man is unable to feel and identify a comb with his eyes closed.This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A) agraphia. 
B) tactile agnosia. 
C) anosognosia. 
D) prosopagnosia. 
A) agraphia. 
B) tactile agnosia. 
C) anosognosia. 
D) prosopagnosia.

Question 17

The most critical aspect in diagnosing a seizure disorder and establishing its cause is:

Accepted Answer

A) computed tomography (CT) scan. 
B) cerebrospinal fluid analysis. 
C) skull x-ray films. 
D) health history. 
A) computed tomography (CT) scan. 
B) cerebrospinal fluid analysis. 
C) skull x-ray films. 
D) health history.

Question 18

What pathologic alteration produces tremors at rest, rigidity, akinesia, and postural abnormalities?

Accepted Answer

A) Atrophy of neurons in the caudate that produce serotonin 
B) Atrophy of neurons in the putamen that produce gamma-aminobutyric acid (GAB
A)  
C) Atrophy of neurons in the substantia nigra that produce dopamine 
D) Atrophy of neurons in the hypothalamus that produce acetylcholine 
A) Atrophy of neurons in the caudate that produce serotonin 
B) Atrophy of neurons in the putamen that produce gamma-aminobutyric acid (GAB
A)  
C) Atrophy of neurons in the substantia nigra that produce dopamine 
D) Atrophy of neurons in the hypothalamus that produce acetylcholine

Question 19

Posthyperventilation apnea (PHVA) ceases and rhythmic breathing is resumed when levels of arterial:

Accepted Answer

A) carbon dioxide increase. 
B) carbon dioxide become normal. 
C) oxygen increase. 
D) oxygen decrease. 
A) carbon dioxide increase. 
B) carbon dioxide become normal. 
C) oxygen increase. 
D) oxygen decrease.

Question 20

Upper motor neuron paralysis affects the pyramidal motor neurons by creating flaccid paralysis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 16: Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics and Motor Function

Normal intracranial pressure is _____ mm Hg.

Which dyskinesia involves involuntary movements of the face, trunk, and extremities?

In 66% of cases, the etiology of epilepsy is not identified.

Diagnostic criteria for a vegetative state (VS) include:

Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions. -Lower motor neuron disorders

Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions. -Expressive dysphasia

Characteristics of primary motor neuron amyotrophy include:

In posthyperventilation apnea (PHVA), respirations stop after hyperventilation followed by the return of rhythmic breathing.What stimulus causes the hyperventilation?

Which assessment finding marks the end of spinal shock?

The existence of regular, deep, and rapid respirations after a severe closed head injury is indicative of neurologic injury to the:

Huntington disease (HD) is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with high penetrance.

It is observed that a person with a severe closed head injury has all four extremities in rigid extension and forearm hyperpronation and legs with plantar extension.This finding is documented as __________ posturing.

Which edema is most often seen with noncommunicating hydrocephalus?

The tonic phase of a generalized seizure is characterized by alternating contractions and relaxation of muscles.

During a generalized seizure the clonic phase begins as inhibitory neurons in the cortex, anterior thalamus, and basal ganglia to reduce the cortical excitation.

After a cerebrovascular accident, a man is unable to feel and identify a comb with his eyes closed.This is an example of:

The most critical aspect in diagnosing a seizure disorder and establishing its cause is:

What pathologic alteration produces tremors at rest, rigidity, akinesia, and postural abnormalities?

Posthyperventilation apnea (PHVA) ceases and rhythmic breathing is resumed when levels of arterial:

Upper motor neuron paralysis affects the pyramidal motor neurons by creating flaccid paralysis.

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive System

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adult

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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