Question 1

Match the phrases with the corresponding terms.
-Hypersecretion of adrenal medulla hormones

Accepted Answer

A) Acromegaly 
B) Cushing disease 
C) Addison disease 
D) Graves disease 
E) Myxedema
F)Pheochromocytoma 
A) Acromegaly 
B) Cushing disease 
C) Addison disease 
D) Graves disease 
E) Myxedema
F)Pheochromocytoma F

Question 2

Which of the following laboratory values would the nurse expect to find if a person is experiencing syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)?

Accepted Answer

A) Hypernatremia and urine hypo-osmolality 
B) Serum K+ 5 and urine hyperosmolality 
C) Serum Na+ 120 and serum hypo-osmolality 
D) Hypokalemia and serum hyperosmolality 
A) Hypernatremia and urine hypo-osmolality 
B) Serum K+ 5 and urine hyperosmolality 
C) Serum Na+ 120 and serum hypo-osmolality 
D) Hypokalemia and serum hyperosmolality C

Question 3

Pathologic changes associated with Graves disease include:

Accepted Answer

A) high levels of circulating thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins. 
B) high levels of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). 
C) diminished levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). 
D) diminished levels of thyroid-binding globulin. 
A) high levels of circulating thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins. 
B) high levels of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). 
C) diminished levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). 
D) diminished levels of thyroid-binding globulin. A

Question 4

Hypoglycemia followed by rebound hyperglycemia is seen in:

Accepted Answer

A) the Somogyi effect. 
B) the dawn phenomenon. 
C) diabetic ketoacidosis (DK
A) . 
D) hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNKS). 
A) the Somogyi effect. 
B) the dawn phenomenon. 
C) diabetic ketoacidosis (DK
A) . 
D) hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNKS).

Question 5

Hyperkalemia develops in the presence of diabetic ketoacidosis because:

Accepted Answer

A) serum sodium is low stimulating aldosterone to retain sodium and potassium. 
B) hydrogen ions shift into the cell in exchange for potassium to compensate for metabolic acidosis. 
C) phosphorus shifts into the cell in exchange for potassium due to the lack of insulin. 
D) the blood is concentrated due to the loss of water from polyuria. 
A) serum sodium is low stimulating aldosterone to retain sodium and potassium. 
B) hydrogen ions shift into the cell in exchange for potassium to compensate for metabolic acidosis. 
C) phosphorus shifts into the cell in exchange for potassium due to the lack of insulin. 
D) the blood is concentrated due to the loss of water from polyuria.

Question 6

Diabetes insipidus is a result of:

Accepted Answer

A) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) hyposecretion. 
B) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) hypersecretion. 
C) insulin hyposecretion. 
D) insulin hypersecretion. 
A) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) hyposecretion. 
B) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) hypersecretion. 
C) insulin hyposecretion. 
D) insulin hypersecretion.

Question 7

Which of the following laboratory values is consistently low in a client with diabetes insipidus (DI)?

Accepted Answer

A) Urine specific gravity 
B) Serum sodium 
C) Urine protein 
D) Serum total protein 
A) Urine specific gravity 
B) Serum sodium 
C) Urine protein 
D) Serum total protein

Question 8

Glucose levels are considerably lower in hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNKS) than in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Amenorrhea, galactorrhea, hirsutism, and osteopenia are each caused by a:

Accepted Answer

A) posterior pituitary adenoma. 
B) thymoma. 
C) prolactinoma. 
D) growth hormone adenoma. 
A) posterior pituitary adenoma. 
B) thymoma. 
C) prolactinoma. 
D) growth hormone adenoma.

Question 10

The most common cause of hypoparathyroidism is damage to the glands during surgery.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Abnormal immunologic mechanisms producing autoantibodies are responsible for Graves disease as well as hypothyroidism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The term used to describe a person who experiences a lack of all hormones associated with the anterior pituitary is:

Accepted Answer

A) panhypopituitarism. 
B) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) deficiency. 
C) hypopituitarism. 
D) anterior pituitary failure. 
A) panhypopituitarism. 
B) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) deficiency. 
C) hypopituitarism. 
D) anterior pituitary failure.

Question 13

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is best described as:

Accepted Answer

A) a resistance to insulin by insulin-sensitive tissues. 
B) the need for lispro instead of regular insulin. 
C) an increase of glucagon secretion from α cells of the pancreas. 
D) the presence of insulin autoantibodies that destroy ß cells in the pancreas. 
A) a resistance to insulin by insulin-sensitive tissues. 
B) the need for lispro instead of regular insulin. 
C) an increase of glucagon secretion from α cells of the pancreas. 
D) the presence of insulin autoantibodies that destroy ß cells in the pancreas.

Question 14

Which form of diabetes insipidus (DI) is treatable with exogenous antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

Accepted Answer

A) Neurogenic 
B) Psychogenic 
C) Nephrogenic 
D) Ischemic 
A) Neurogenic 
B) Psychogenic 
C) Nephrogenic 
D) Ischemic

Question 15

Graves disease develops from a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) viral infection of the thyroid gland that causes overproduction of thyroid hormone (TH). 
B) autoimmune process in which thyroid tissue is replaced by lymphocytes and fibrous tissue. 
C) thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins that causes overproduction of thyroid hormones. 
D) ingestion of goitrogens that inhibits synthesis of the thyroid hormones, causing a goiter. 
A) viral infection of the thyroid gland that causes overproduction of thyroid hormone (TH). 
B) autoimmune process in which thyroid tissue is replaced by lymphocytes and fibrous tissue. 
C) thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins that causes overproduction of thyroid hormones. 
D) ingestion of goitrogens that inhibits synthesis of the thyroid hormones, causing a goiter.

Question 16

Thyroid carcinoma, although rare, is the most common endocrine malignancy.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Visual disturbances are a result of a pituitary adenoma because of the:

Accepted Answer

A) liberation of anterior pituitary hormones into the optic chiasm. 
B) pituitary hormones clouding the lens of the eyes. 
C) pressure of the tumor on the optic chiasm. 
D) pressure of the tumor on the optic and oculomotor cranial nerves. 
A) liberation of anterior pituitary hormones into the optic chiasm. 
B) pituitary hormones clouding the lens of the eyes. 
C) pressure of the tumor on the optic chiasm. 
D) pressure of the tumor on the optic and oculomotor cranial nerves.

Question 18

A person has acne, easy bruising, thin extremities, and truncal obesity.These clinical manifestations are indicative of which endocrine disorder?

Accepted Answer

A) Hyperthyroidism 
B) Hypoaldosteronism 
C) Diabetes insipidus (DI) 
D) Cushing disease 
A) Hyperthyroidism 
B) Hypoaldosteronism 
C) Diabetes insipidus (DI) 
D) Cushing disease

Question 19

Renal failure is the most common cause of which type of hyperparathyroidism?

Accepted Answer

A) Primary 
B) Secondary 
C) Exogenous 
D) Inflammatory 
A) Primary 
B) Secondary 
C) Exogenous 
D) Inflammatory

Question 20

Post-thyroidectomy, a person develops muscle spasms, increased deep tendon reflexes, and laryngeal spasm.The most likely cause of these findings is:

Accepted Answer

A) calcium deficit due to reduced parathyroid hormone (PTH). 
B) overuse of radioactive iodine given preoperatively. 
C) a history of insufficient dietary intake of iodine. 
D) an increase in serum phosphorus caused by reduced calcitonin. 
A) calcium deficit due to reduced parathyroid hormone (PTH). 
B) overuse of radioactive iodine given preoperatively. 
C) a history of insufficient dietary intake of iodine. 
D) an increase in serum phosphorus caused by reduced calcitonin.

Exam 21: Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Match the phrases with the corresponding terms. -Hypersecretion of adrenal medulla hormones

Which of the following laboratory values would the nurse expect to find if a person is experiencing syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)?

Pathologic changes associated with Graves disease include:

Hypoglycemia followed by rebound hyperglycemia is seen in:

Hyperkalemia develops in the presence of diabetic ketoacidosis because:

Diabetes insipidus is a result of:

Which of the following laboratory values is consistently low in a client with diabetes insipidus (DI)?

Glucose levels are considerably lower in hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNKS) than in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).

Amenorrhea, galactorrhea, hirsutism, and osteopenia are each caused by a:

The most common cause of hypoparathyroidism is damage to the glands during surgery.

Abnormal immunologic mechanisms producing autoantibodies are responsible for Graves disease as well as hypothyroidism.

The term used to describe a person who experiences a lack of all hormones associated with the anterior pituitary is:

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is best described as:

Which form of diabetes insipidus (DI) is treatable with exogenous antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

Graves disease develops from a(n):

Thyroid carcinoma, although rare, is the most common endocrine malignancy.

Visual disturbances are a result of a pituitary adenoma because of the:

A person has acne, easy bruising, thin extremities, and truncal obesity.These clinical manifestations are indicative of which endocrine disorder?

Renal failure is the most common cause of which type of hyperparathyroidism?

Post-thyroidectomy, a person develops muscle spasms, increased deep tendon reflexes, and laryngeal spasm.The most likely cause of these findings is:

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive System

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adult

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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