Question 1

What mechanisms occur in the liver after lipid accumulation in liver cells?

Accepted Answer

A) Accumulation of lipids that obstruct the common bile duct, preventing flow of bile from the liver to the gallbladder 
B) Increased synthesis of triglycerides from fatty acids and decreased synthesis of apoproteins 
C) Increased binding of lipids with apoproteins to form lipoproteins 
D) Increased conversion of fatty acids to phospholipids 
A) Accumulation of lipids that obstruct the common bile duct, preventing flow of bile from the liver to the gallbladder 
B) Increased synthesis of triglycerides from fatty acids and decreased synthesis of apoproteins 
C) Increased binding of lipids with apoproteins to form lipoproteins 
D) Increased conversion of fatty acids to phospholipids B

Question 2

Match the terms with the corresponding examples. Terms may be used more than once.
-Increases in the size of the uterus and breasts during pregnancy

Accepted Answer

A) Physiologic atrophy 
B) Pathologic atrophy 
C) Physiologic hypertrophy 
D) Pathologic hypertrophy 
E) Compensatory hyperplasia 
A) Physiologic atrophy 
B) Pathologic atrophy 
C) Physiologic hypertrophy 
D) Pathologic hypertrophy 
E) Compensatory hyperplasia C

Question 3

What is the cause of free calcium in the cytosol that damages cell membranes by uncontrolled enzyme activation?

Accepted Answer

A) Activation of endonuclease, which interferes with the binding of calcium to protein 
B) Activation of phospholipases, which degrade the proteins to which calcium normally binds 
C) An influx of phosphate ions, which compete with calcium for binding to proteins 
D) Depletion of ATP, which normally pumps calcium from the cell 
A) Activation of endonuclease, which interferes with the binding of calcium to protein 
B) Activation of phospholipases, which degrade the proteins to which calcium normally binds 
C) An influx of phosphate ions, which compete with calcium for binding to proteins 
D) Depletion of ATP, which normally pumps calcium from the cell D

Question 4

The mammary glands enlarge during pregnancy primarily as a consequence of:

Accepted Answer

A) compensatory hyperplasia. 
B) hormonal hyperplasia. 
C) hormonal anaplasia. 
D) hormonal dysplasia. 
A) compensatory hyperplasia. 
B) hormonal hyperplasia. 
C) hormonal anaplasia. 
D) hormonal dysplasia.

Question 5

Hypertrophy and hyperplasia rarely occur together.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Nondividing cells, such as myocardial fibers, are capable of hypertrophy, but not hyperplasia.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

What type of necrosis is associated with wet gangrene?

Accepted Answer

A) Coagulative necrosis 
B) Liquefactive necrosis 
C) Caseous necrosis 
D) Gangrene necrosis 
A) Coagulative necrosis 
B) Liquefactive necrosis 
C) Caseous necrosis 
D) Gangrene necrosis

Question 8

Match the terms with the corresponding examples. Terms may be used more than once.
-Liver regeneration

Accepted Answer

A) Physiologic atrophy 
B) Pathologic atrophy 
C) Physiologic hypertrophy 
D) Pathologic hypertrophy 
E) Compensatory hyperplasia 
A) Physiologic atrophy 
B) Pathologic atrophy 
C) Physiologic hypertrophy 
D) Pathologic hypertrophy 
E) Compensatory hyperplasia

Question 9

Which organs are affected by lead consumption?

Accepted Answer

A) Heart and blood vessels 
B) Muscles and bones 
C) Pancreas and adrenal glands 
D) Nerves and blood-forming organs 
A) Heart and blood vessels 
B) Muscles and bones 
C) Pancreas and adrenal glands 
D) Nerves and blood-forming organs

Question 10

Removal of part of the liver leads to ______________ of the remaining liver cells.

Accepted Answer

A) dysplasia 
B) metaplasia 
C) compensatory hyperplasia 
D) compensatory dysplasia 
A) dysplasia 
B) metaplasia 
C) compensatory hyperplasia 
D) compensatory dysplasia

Question 11

What physiologic changes occur during heat exhaustion?

Accepted Answer

A) Hemoconcentration occurs because of the loss of salt and water. 
B) Cramping of voluntary muscles occurs as a result of salt loss. 
C) Thermoregulation fails because of high core temperatures. 
D) Subcutaneous layers are damaged because of high core temperatures. 
A) Hemoconcentration occurs because of the loss of salt and water. 
B) Cramping of voluntary muscles occurs as a result of salt loss. 
C) Thermoregulation fails because of high core temperatures. 
D) Subcutaneous layers are damaged because of high core temperatures.

Question 12

What is the most common site of lipid accumulation?

Accepted Answer

A) Coronary and other arteries 
B) Kidneys 
C) Liver 
D) Subcutaneous tissue 
A) Coronary and other arteries 
B) Kidneys 
C) Liver 
D) Subcutaneous tissue

Question 13

Aging is the result of a genetically controlled development program or built-in self-destructive processes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

A man with a history of smoking has a bronchial biopsy showing that the normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells have been replaced by stratified squamous epithelial cells.The man is correctly told that this process could be reversed if he quits smoking.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

What, if any, is the difference between subdural hematoma and epidural hematoma?

Accepted Answer

A) There is no difference. These terms may be used interchangeably. 
B) A subdural hematoma occurs above the dura, whereas an epidural hematoma occurs under the dura. 
C) A subdural hematoma usually is formed from venous blood that collects slowly, whereas an epidural hematoma is formed from arterial blood that collects rapidly. 
D) A subdural hematoma usually forms from bleeding within the skull such as an aneurysm eruption, whereas an epidural hematoma occurs from trauma outside the skull such as a blunt force trauma. 
A) There is no difference. These terms may be used interchangeably. 
B) A subdural hematoma occurs above the dura, whereas an epidural hematoma occurs under the dura. 
C) A subdural hematoma usually is formed from venous blood that collects slowly, whereas an epidural hematoma is formed from arterial blood that collects rapidly. 
D) A subdural hematoma usually forms from bleeding within the skull such as an aneurysm eruption, whereas an epidural hematoma occurs from trauma outside the skull such as a blunt force trauma.

Question 16

Dysplastic changes may be reversible, but may become malignant.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Noise, illumination, and prolonged vibrations can cause cellular injury.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

What is a consequence of plasma membrane damage to the mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

A) Enzymatic digestion halts DNA synthesis. 
B) Influx of calcium ions halts ATP production. 
C) Reduction in ATP production caused by edema from an influx in sodium 
D) Shift of potassium out of the mitochondria, which destroys the infrastructure 
A) Enzymatic digestion halts DNA synthesis. 
B) Influx of calcium ions halts ATP production. 
C) Reduction in ATP production caused by edema from an influx in sodium 
D) Shift of potassium out of the mitochondria, which destroys the infrastructure

Question 19

The abnormal proliferation of cells in response to excessive hormonal stimulation is called:

Accepted Answer

A) dysplasia. 
B) pathologic dysplasia. 
C) hyperplasia. 
D) pathologic hyperplasia. 
A) dysplasia. 
B) pathologic dysplasia. 
C) hyperplasia. 
D) pathologic hyperplasia.

Question 20

Which type of cell adaptation occurs when normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells of the bronchial lining have been replaced by stratified squamous epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

A) Hyperplasia 
B) Metaplasia 
C) Dysplasia 
D) Anaplasia 
A) Hyperplasia 
B) Metaplasia 
C) Dysplasia 
D) Anaplasia

Exam 2: Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

What mechanisms occur in the liver after lipid accumulation in liver cells?

Match the terms with the corresponding examples. Terms may be used more than once. -Increases in the size of the uterus and breasts during pregnancy

What is the cause of free calcium in the cytosol that damages cell membranes by uncontrolled enzyme activation?

The mammary glands enlarge during pregnancy primarily as a consequence of:

Hypertrophy and hyperplasia rarely occur together.

Nondividing cells, such as myocardial fibers, are capable of hypertrophy, but not hyperplasia.

What type of necrosis is associated with wet gangrene?

Match the terms with the corresponding examples. Terms may be used more than once. -Liver regeneration

Which organs are affected by lead consumption?

Removal of part of the liver leads to ______________ of the remaining liver cells.

What physiologic changes occur during heat exhaustion?

What is the most common site of lipid accumulation?

Aging is the result of a genetically controlled development program or built-in self-destructive processes.

A man with a history of smoking has a bronchial biopsy showing that the normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells have been replaced by stratified squamous epithelial cells.The man is correctly told that this process could be reversed if he quits smoking.

What, if any, is the difference between subdural hematoma and epidural hematoma?

Dysplastic changes may be reversible, but may become malignant.

Noise, illumination, and prolonged vibrations can cause cellular injury.

What is a consequence of plasma membrane damage to the mitochondria?

The abnormal proliferation of cells in response to excessive hormonal stimulation is called:

Which type of cell adaptation occurs when normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells of the bronchial lining have been replaced by stratified squamous epithelial cells?

Cellular Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive System

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adult

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

Filters