Question 1

Which glucoprotein is believed to inhibit calcium phosphate precipitation and play a part in bone resorption by recruiting osteoclasts?

Accepted Answer

A) Osteocalcin 
B) Osteonectin 
C) Laminin 
D) Osteopontin 
A) Osteocalcin 
B) Osteonectin 
C) Laminin 
D) Osteopontin

Question 2

The joint that contains a synovial membrane that lines the inner joint capsule is an example of which type of joint?

Accepted Answer

A) Amphiarthrosis 
B) Diarthrosis 
C) Synarthrosis 
D) Biarthrosis 
A) Amphiarthrosis 
B) Diarthrosis 
C) Synarthrosis 
D) Biarthrosis

Question 3

Which term is used to identify a functional muscle contraction in which the muscle contracts but the limb does not move?

Accepted Answer

A) Isotonic 
B) Isometric 
C) Eccentric 
D) Concentric 
A) Isotonic 
B) Isometric 
C) Eccentric 
D) Concentric

Question 4

What is the function of the synovial membrane's type A cells within the intima?

Accepted Answer

A) To release mast cells, initiating the inflammatory process after joint injury 
B) To ingest and remove bacteria and debris by phagocytosis in the joint cavity 
C) To secrete hyaluronate, a binding agent that gives synovial fluid its viscous quality 
D) To store fat cells and glycogen, providing adenosine triphosphate for joint activity 
A) To release mast cells, initiating the inflammatory process after joint injury 
B) To ingest and remove bacteria and debris by phagocytosis in the joint cavity 
C) To secrete hyaluronate, a binding agent that gives synovial fluid its viscous quality 
D) To store fat cells and glycogen, providing adenosine triphosphate for joint activity

Question 5

Which bone cells are large and multinucleated and contain lysosomes filled with hydrolytic enzymes?

Accepted Answer

A) Osteoblasts 
B) Osteoclasts 
C) Osteocytes 
D) Fibrocytes 
A) Osteoblasts 
B) Osteoclasts 
C) Osteocytes 
D) Fibrocytes

Question 6

Which type of joint holds teeth in the maxilla or mandible?

Accepted Answer

A) Amphiarthrosis 
B) Diarthrosis 
C) Synarthrosis 
D) Gomphosis 
A) Amphiarthrosis 
B) Diarthrosis 
C) Synarthrosis 
D) Gomphosis

Question 7

Which part of an injured joint becomes insensitive to pain and regenerates slowly and minimally?

Accepted Answer

A) Synovium 
B) Articular cartilage 
C) Bursa 
D) Tendon 
A) Synovium 
B) Articular cartilage 
C) Bursa 
D) Tendon

Question 8

How is the work function of a muscle usually calculated?

Accepted Answer

A) Muscle type 
B) Calculating force ´ distance 
C) Foot pounds 
D) Kilograms 
A) Muscle type 
B) Calculating force ´ distance 
C) Foot pounds 
D) Kilograms

Question 9

The outer layer of the periosteum contains blood vessels and nerves that penetrate the inner structures of the bone by way of which structure?

Accepted Answer

A) Volkmann canals 
B) Canaliculi 
C) Sharpey canals 
D) Trabeculae 
A) Volkmann canals 
B) Canaliculi 
C) Sharpey canals 
D) Trabeculae

Question 10

What anchors articular cartilage to the underlying bone?

Accepted Answer

A) Sharpey fibers 
B) Collagen fibers 
C) Glycoproteins 
D) Elastin fibers 
A) Sharpey fibers 
B) Collagen fibers 
C) Glycoproteins 
D) Elastin fibers

Question 11

Which characteristic of type II (white fast-motor) muscle fibers does the student learn?

Accepted Answer

A) Slow contraction speed 
B) Fast conduction velocities 
C) Profuse capillary supply 
D) Oxidative metabolism 
A) Slow contraction speed 
B) Fast conduction velocities 
C) Profuse capillary supply 
D) Oxidative metabolism

Question 12

In adults, hematopoiesis typically takes place in which bone marrow cavities? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) Skull 
B) Shoulders 
C) Sternum 
D) Long bones 
E) Pelvis 
A) Skull 
B) Shoulders 
C) Sternum 
D) Long bones 
E) Pelvis

Question 13

What is the function of Sharpey fibers?

Accepted Answer

A) To anchor the outer layer of the periosteum to the inner layer 
B) To contain blood vessels and nerves on the outer layer of the periosteum 
C) To help attach tendons and ligaments to the periosteum 
D) To attach muscles to the periosteum 
A) To anchor the outer layer of the periosteum to the inner layer 
B) To contain blood vessels and nerves on the outer layer of the periosteum 
C) To help attach tendons and ligaments to the periosteum 
D) To attach muscles to the periosteum

Question 14

Which bone cell secretes hydrochloric acid to help dissolve bone minerals and collagenase, thus aiding in the digestion of collagen?

Accepted Answer

A) Osteocytes 
B) Osteoblasts 
C) Osteoclasts 
D) Osteophytes 
A) Osteocytes 
B) Osteoblasts 
C) Osteoclasts 
D) Osteophytes

Question 15

A student has learned about aging and the musculoskeletal system. What statement by the student indicates a need for more study on the topic?

Accepted Answer

A) Haversian system erodes, the canals nearest the marrow cavity widen, and the endosteal cortex converts to spongy bone. 
B) The remodeling cycle increases because of a decreased ability of the basic multicellular units to resorb and deposit bone. 
C) Cartilaginous rigidity increases because of decreasing water content and decreasing concentrations of glycosaminoglycans. 
D) Muscle ribonucleic acid (RN
A)  synthesis declines, although the regenerative function of muscle tissue is reportedly normal in older adults. 
A) Haversian system erodes, the canals nearest the marrow cavity widen, and the endosteal cortex converts to spongy bone. 
B) The remodeling cycle increases because of a decreased ability of the basic multicellular units to resorb and deposit bone. 
C) Cartilaginous rigidity increases because of decreasing water content and decreasing concentrations of glycosaminoglycans. 
D) Muscle ribonucleic acid (RN
A)  synthesis declines, although the regenerative function of muscle tissue is reportedly normal in older adults.

Question 16

In which type of contraction does the muscle maintain a constant tension as it moves?

Accepted Answer

A) Isotonic 
B) Isometric 
C) Hypertonic 
D) Hypotonic 
A) Isotonic 
B) Isometric 
C) Hypertonic 
D) Hypotonic

Question 17

What term is used to identify an interlacing bundle of dense, white fibrous tissue that is richly supplied with nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels?

Accepted Answer

A) Procallus 
B) Joint capsule 
C) Hematoma 
D) Elastin fibers 
A) Procallus 
B) Joint capsule 
C) Hematoma 
D) Elastin fibers

Exam 44: Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Which glucoprotein is believed to inhibit calcium phosphate precipitation and play a part in bone resorption by recruiting osteoclasts?

The joint that contains a synovial membrane that lines the inner joint capsule is an example of which type of joint?

Which term is used to identify a functional muscle contraction in which the muscle contracts but the limb does not move?

What is the function of the synovial membrane's type A cells within the intima?

Which bone cells are large and multinucleated and contain lysosomes filled with hydrolytic enzymes?

Which type of joint holds teeth in the maxilla or mandible?

Which part of an injured joint becomes insensitive to pain and regenerates slowly and minimally?

How is the work function of a muscle usually calculated?

The outer layer of the periosteum contains blood vessels and nerves that penetrate the inner structures of the bone by way of which structure?

What anchors articular cartilage to the underlying bone?

Which characteristic of type II (white fast-motor) muscle fibers does the student learn?

In adults, hematopoiesis typically takes place in which bone marrow cavities? (Select all that apply.)

What is the function of Sharpey fibers?

Which bone cell secretes hydrochloric acid to help dissolve bone minerals and collagenase, thus aiding in the digestion of collagen?

A student has learned about aging and the musculoskeletal system. What statement by the student indicates a need for more study on the topic?

In which type of contraction does the muscle maintain a constant tension as it moves?

What term is used to identify an interlacing bundle of dense, white fibrous tissue that is richly supplied with nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels?

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology: Environmental Agents

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Cancer Biology

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Obesity and Disorders of Nutrition

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocytes, Platelets, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Leukocyte and Lymphoid Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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