Exam 1: B: The Science of Child Development

Which of the following statements best describes observer bias?

Which of the following statements best represents the prevailing view among developmentalists?

According to Erikson, the challenge during infancy is to develop a sense of initiative.

The continuity-discontinuity issue addresses the question of whether

The moral agent in a child's personality is the

Nehama believes that we could totally understand why children behave as they do if we would just look at the rewards and punishments they've received for their behaviours in the past. Nehama looks at child development as a(n) ________ theorist does.

The fact that differences between age groups may result as easily from chance environmental events as from significant developmental processes is

Erikson proposed a ________ theory in which development consists of a sequence of stages, each defined by a unique crisis or challenge.

Pavlov was the first researcher to describe classical conditioning in animals.

Jackie feels that superior genes are the primary reason her daughter Jacqueline is intellectually gifted. Jackie believes in the importance of

The first of Erikson's stages focuses on the issue of

*One day you and a friend are talking and your friend states, "Development is the result of the genes that you inherit, and those genes put you on a developmental path that stays the same throughout your life." What can you tell your friend about the issues of nature vs. nurture and continuity vs. discontinuity?

*Name and briefly describe the four stages of Piaget's cognitive development theory.

Field experiments

*Summarize the five developmental perspectives (e.g., biological, psychodynamic, etc.) and list which theories belong with each perspective.

Different sequences of children are tested longitudinally in a study with a

Whenever Krysia hung up her coat and put away her backpack after school, she was excused from setting the table, a chore she detests. Krysia's parents were using ________ to modify her behaviour.

Nate watched another boy pull a girl's hair. Nate is most likely to imitate the boy's behaviour if

*Explain the concepts of positive and negative reinforcement and positive and negative punishment and give examples of each.

A microgenetic study would best be described as