Question 1

Persons with blood type O are considered universal recipients.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Which class of immunoglobulins forms isohemagglutinins?

Accepted Answer

A) IgA 
B) IgE 
C) IgG 
D) IgM 
A) IgA 
B) IgE 
C) IgG 
D) IgM

Question 3

Match the phrases with the corresponding descriptions.
-Type III hypersensitivity

Accepted Answer

A) Agammaglobulinemia 
B) Raynaud phenomenon 
C) Poison ivy 
D) Urticaria 
E) Graves disease 
A) Agammaglobulinemia 
B) Raynaud phenomenon 
C) Poison ivy 
D) Urticaria 
E) Graves disease

Question 4

Considering the effects of nutritional deficiencies on the immune system, severe deficits in calories and protein lead to deficiencies in the formation of which immune cells?

Accepted Answer

A) B cells 
B) T cells 
C) NK cells 
D) Neutrophils 
A) B cells 
B) T cells 
C) NK cells 
D) Neutrophils

Question 5

A person with type O blood is likely to have high titers of anti-___ antibodies.

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) A and B 
D) O 
A) A 
B) B 
C) A and B 
D) O

Question 6

Hypersensitivity is best defined as a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) disturbance in the immunologic tolerance of self-antigens. 
B) immunologic reaction of one person to the tissue of another person. 
C) altered immunologic response to an antigen that results in disease. 
D) undetectable immune response in the presence of antigens. 
A) disturbance in the immunologic tolerance of self-antigens. 
B) immunologic reaction of one person to the tissue of another person. 
C) altered immunologic response to an antigen that results in disease. 
D) undetectable immune response in the presence of antigens.

Question 7

In a type II hypersensitivity reaction, that is an antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), target cells are destroyed by:

Accepted Answer

A) complement-mediated cell lysis. 
B) phagocytosis by macrophages. 
C) neutrophil granules and toxic oxygen products. 
D) natural killer cells. 
A) complement-mediated cell lysis. 
B) phagocytosis by macrophages. 
C) neutrophil granules and toxic oxygen products. 
D) natural killer cells.

Question 8

What mechanism occurs in Raynaud phenomenon that classifies it as a type III hypersensitivity reaction?

Accepted Answer

A) Immune complexes are deposited in capillary beds, blocking circulation. 
B) Mast cells bind to specific endothelial receptors that cause them to degranulate, creating a localized inflammatory reaction that occludes capillary circulation. 
C) Cytotoxic T lymphocytes attack and destroy the capillaries so that they are unable to perfuse local tissues. 
D) Antibodies detect the capillaries as foreign protein and destroy them using lysosomal enzymes and toxic oxygen species. 
A) Immune complexes are deposited in capillary beds, blocking circulation. 
B) Mast cells bind to specific endothelial receptors that cause them to degranulate, creating a localized inflammatory reaction that occludes capillary circulation. 
C) Cytotoxic T lymphocytes attack and destroy the capillaries so that they are unable to perfuse local tissues. 
D) Antibodies detect the capillaries as foreign protein and destroy them using lysosomal enzymes and toxic oxygen species.

Question 9

Match the phrases with the corresponding descriptions.
-Congenital immune deficiency

Accepted Answer

A) Agammaglobulinemia 
B) Raynaud phenomenon 
C) Poison ivy 
D) Urticaria 
E) Graves disease 
A) Agammaglobulinemia 
B) Raynaud phenomenon 
C) Poison ivy 
D) Urticaria 
E) Graves disease

Question 10

What is a characteristic of atopic individuals who are genetically predisposed to develop allergies?

Accepted Answer

A) They produce greater quantities of histamine than other individuals. 
B) They have more histamine receptors than other individuals. 
C) They produce greater quantities of IgE than other individuals. 
D) They have a deficiency in epinephrine compared with other individuals. 
A) They produce greater quantities of histamine than other individuals. 
B) They have more histamine receptors than other individuals. 
C) They produce greater quantities of IgE than other individuals. 
D) They have a deficiency in epinephrine compared with other individuals.

Question 11

In a type II hypersensitivity reaction, when mismatched blood is administered causing an ABO incompatibility, the erythrocytes are destroyed by:

Accepted Answer

A) complement-mediated cell lysis. 
B) phagocytosis by macrophages. 
C) phagocytosis in the spleen. 
D) natural killer cells. 
A) complement-mediated cell lysis. 
B) phagocytosis by macrophages. 
C) phagocytosis in the spleen. 
D) natural killer cells.

Question 12

What is the mechanism in type IV hypersensitivity reactions?

Accepted Answer

A) Antibodies coat mast cells by binding to receptors that signal its degranulation followed by discharge of preformed mediators. 
B) Antibodies bind to soluble antigens that were released into body fluids and the immune complexes are deposited in the tissues. 
C) Cytotoxic T lymphocytes or lymphokine-producing Th1 cells attack and destroy cellular targets directly. 
D) Antibodies bind to the antigen on the cell surface. 
A) Antibodies coat mast cells by binding to receptors that signal its degranulation followed by discharge of preformed mediators. 
B) Antibodies bind to soluble antigens that were released into body fluids and the immune complexes are deposited in the tissues. 
C) Cytotoxic T lymphocytes or lymphokine-producing Th1 cells attack and destroy cellular targets directly. 
D) Antibodies bind to the antigen on the cell surface.

Question 13

When a tuberculin skin test is positive, the hard center and erythema surrounding the induration are a result of:

Accepted Answer

A) histamine. 
B) T lymphocytes and macrophages. 
C) immune complexes. 
D) products of complement. 
A) histamine. 
B) T lymphocytes and macrophages. 
C) immune complexes. 
D) products of complement.

Question 14

What is the mechanism in type III hypersensitivity reactions?

Accepted Answer

A) Antibodies coat mast cells by binding to receptors that signal its degranulation followed by discharge of preformed mediators. 
B) Antibodies bind to soluble antigens that were released into body fluids and the immune complexes are deposited in the tissues. 
C) Cytotoxic T lymphocytes or lymphokine-producing Th1 cells attack and destroy cellular targets directly. 
D) Antibodies bind to the antigen on the cell surface. 
A) Antibodies coat mast cells by binding to receptors that signal its degranulation followed by discharge of preformed mediators. 
B) Antibodies bind to soluble antigens that were released into body fluids and the immune complexes are deposited in the tissues. 
C) Cytotoxic T lymphocytes or lymphokine-producing Th1 cells attack and destroy cellular targets directly. 
D) Antibodies bind to the antigen on the cell surface.

Question 15

In a type II hypersensitivity reaction, when soluble antigens from infectious agents enter circulation, tissue damage is a result of:

Accepted Answer

A) complement-mediated cell lysis. 
B) phagocytosis by macrophages. 
C) phagocytosis in the spleen. 
D) neutrophil granules and toxic oxygen products. 
A) complement-mediated cell lysis. 
B) phagocytosis by macrophages. 
C) phagocytosis in the spleen. 
D) neutrophil granules and toxic oxygen products.

Question 16

The hypersensitivity reaction that occurs after a person who is allergic to bee stings is stung by a bee is called:

Accepted Answer

A) hemolytic shock. 
B) anaphylaxis. 
C) necrotizing vasculitis. 
D) systemic erythematosus. 
A) hemolytic shock. 
B) anaphylaxis. 
C) necrotizing vasculitis. 
D) systemic erythematosus.

Question 17

What disease involves the deposition of circulating immune complexes containing an antibody against host DNA, resulting in tissue damage?

Accepted Answer

A) Hemolytic anemia 
B) Pernicious anemia 
C) Systemic lupus erythematosus (SL
E)  
D) Myasthenia gravis 
A) Hemolytic anemia 
B) Pernicious anemia 
C) Systemic lupus erythematosus (SL
E)  
D) Myasthenia gravis

Question 18

In a type III hypersensitivity reaction, the harmful effects after the immune complexes are deposited in tissues are a result of:

Accepted Answer

A) cytotoxic T cells. 
B) natural killer cells. 
C) complement activation. 
D) degranulation of mast cells. 
A) cytotoxic T cells. 
B) natural killer cells. 
C) complement activation. 
D) degranulation of mast cells.

Question 19

What is the mechanism in type II hypersensitivity reactions?

Accepted Answer

A) Antibodies coat mast cells by binding to receptors that signal its degranulation followed by discharge of preformed mediators. 
B) Antibodies bind to soluble antigens that were released into body fluids and the immune complexes are deposited in the tissues. 
C) Cytotoxic T lymphocytes or lymphokines-producing Th1 cells attack and destroy cellular targets directly. 
D) Antibodies bind to the antigens on the cell surface. 
A) Antibodies coat mast cells by binding to receptors that signal its degranulation followed by discharge of preformed mediators. 
B) Antibodies bind to soluble antigens that were released into body fluids and the immune complexes are deposited in the tissues. 
C) Cytotoxic T lymphocytes or lymphokines-producing Th1 cells attack and destroy cellular targets directly. 
D) Antibodies bind to the antigens on the cell surface.

Question 20

Match the phrases with the corresponding descriptions.
-Type I hypersensitivity

Accepted Answer

A) Agammaglobulinemia 
B) Raynaud phenomenon 
C) Poison ivy 
D) Urticaria 
E) Graves disease 
A) Agammaglobulinemia 
B) Raynaud phenomenon 
C) Poison ivy 
D) Urticaria 
E) Graves disease

Exam 8: Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Persons with blood type O are considered universal recipients.

Which class of immunoglobulins forms isohemagglutinins?

Match the phrases with the corresponding descriptions. -Type III hypersensitivity

Considering the effects of nutritional deficiencies on the immune system, severe deficits in calories and protein lead to deficiencies in the formation of which immune cells?

A person with type O blood is likely to have high titers of anti-___ antibodies.

Hypersensitivity is best defined as a(n):

In a type II hypersensitivity reaction, that is an antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), target cells are destroyed by:

What mechanism occurs in Raynaud phenomenon that classifies it as a type III hypersensitivity reaction?

Match the phrases with the corresponding descriptions. -Congenital immune deficiency

What is a characteristic of atopic individuals who are genetically predisposed to develop allergies?

In a type II hypersensitivity reaction, when mismatched blood is administered causing an ABO incompatibility, the erythrocytes are destroyed by:

What is the mechanism in type IV hypersensitivity reactions?

When a tuberculin skin test is positive, the hard center and erythema surrounding the induration are a result of:

What is the mechanism in type III hypersensitivity reactions?

In a type II hypersensitivity reaction, when soluble antigens from infectious agents enter circulation, tissue damage is a result of:

The hypersensitivity reaction that occurs after a person who is allergic to bee stings is stung by a bee is called:

What disease involves the deposition of circulating immune complexes containing an antibody against host DNA, resulting in tissue damage?

In a type III hypersensitivity reaction, the harmful effects after the immune complexes are deposited in tissues are a result of:

What is the mechanism in type II hypersensitivity reactions?

Match the phrases with the corresponding descriptions. -Type I hypersensitivity

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Infection

Stress and Disease

Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive System

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adult

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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