Question 1

Which midbrain dysfunction causes pupils to be pinpoint size and fixed in position?

Accepted Answer

A) Diencephalon dysfunction 
B) Oculomotor cranial nerve dysfunction 
C) Dysfunction of the tectum 
D) Pontine dysfunction 
A) Diencephalon dysfunction 
B) Oculomotor cranial nerve dysfunction 
C) Dysfunction of the tectum 
D) Pontine dysfunction

Question 2

_____ is the loss of speech or the loss of comprehension of spoken or written language.

Accepted Answer

A) Agnosia 
B) Aphasia 
C) Akinesia 
D) Dysphasia 
A) Agnosia 
B) Aphasia 
C) Akinesia 
D) Dysphasia

Question 3

The clinical manifestations of Parkinson disease (PD) include:

Accepted Answer

A) muscle tremor; slow, rigid movements; and postural abnormalities. 
B) muscle weakness, difficulty chewing, and drooping eyelids. 
C) decreased memory, depression, and indifference. 
D) paralysis and absent sensation below the level of the lesion. 
A) muscle tremor; slow, rigid movements; and postural abnormalities. 
B) muscle weakness, difficulty chewing, and drooping eyelids. 
C) decreased memory, depression, and indifference. 
D) paralysis and absent sensation below the level of the lesion.

Question 4

Dilation of the ipsilateral pupil following uncal herniation is the result of pressure on which of the following cranial nerves?

Accepted Answer

A) Optic (CN I) 
B) Abducens (CN VI) 
C) Oculomotor (CN III) 
D) Trochlear (CN IV) 
A) Optic (CN I) 
B) Abducens (CN VI) 
C) Oculomotor (CN III) 
D) Trochlear (CN IV)

Question 5

Clinical manifestations of Parkinson disease are caused by a deficit in which neurotransmitter?

Accepted Answer

A) Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GAB
A)  
B) Dopamine 
C) Norepinephrine (N
E)  
D) Acetylcholine 
A) Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GAB
A)  
B) Dopamine 
C) Norepinephrine (N
E)  
D) Acetylcholine

Question 6

Since his cerebrovascular accident, a man has been denying his left hemiplegia.What term is used to describe this finding?

Accepted Answer

A) Visual agnosia 
B) Anosognosia 
C) Amusia agnosia 
D) Agraphia agnosia 
A) Visual agnosia 
B) Anosognosia 
C) Amusia agnosia 
D) Agraphia agnosia

Question 7

Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions.
-Upper motor neuron disorders

Accepted Answer

A) Paroxysmal dyskinesia 
B) Flaccidity 
C) Wernicke aphasia 
D) Spasticity 
E) Akinesia
F)Broca dysphasia 
A) Paroxysmal dyskinesia 
B) Flaccidity 
C) Wernicke aphasia 
D) Spasticity 
E) Akinesia
F)Broca dysphasia

Question 8

Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions.
-Decrease in voluntary movement

Accepted Answer

A) Paroxysmal dyskinesia 
B) Flaccidity 
C) Wernicke aphasia 
D) Spasticity 
E) Akinesia
F)Broca dysphasia 
A) Paroxysmal dyskinesia 
B) Flaccidity 
C) Wernicke aphasia 
D) Spasticity 
E) Akinesia
F)Broca dysphasia

Question 9

Status epilepticus is considered a medical emergency because of the:

Accepted Answer

A) loss of consciousness. 
B) development of cerebral hypoxia. 
C) possibility of a head injury during the seizures. 
D) decrease in brain metabolism. 
A) loss of consciousness. 
B) development of cerebral hypoxia. 
C) possibility of a head injury during the seizures. 
D) decrease in brain metabolism.

Question 10

The neural center that controls normal breathing is believed to be located in the brainstem.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions.
-Receptive dysphasia

Accepted Answer

A) Paroxysmal dyskinesia 
B) Flaccidity 
C) Wernicke aphasia 
D) Spasticity 
E) Akinesia
F)Broca dysphasia 
A) Paroxysmal dyskinesia 
B) Flaccidity 
C) Wernicke aphasia 
D) Spasticity 
E) Akinesia
F)Broca dysphasia

Question 12

Which neurologic disorder is characterized by cortical nerve cell processes that have become twisted and dilated?

Accepted Answer

A) Dementia syndrome 
B) Delirium 
C) Alzheimer disease 
D) Parkinson disease 
A) Dementia syndrome 
B) Delirium 
C) Alzheimer disease 
D) Parkinson disease

Question 13

Uncal herniation occurs when:

Accepted Answer

A) the hippocampal gyrus shifts from the middle fossa through the tentorial notch into the posterior fossa. 
B) the diencephalon shifts from the middle fossa straight downward through the tentorial notch into the posterior fossa. 
C) the cingulate gyrus shifts under the falx cerebri. 
D) a cerebellar tonsil shifts through the foramen magnum. 
A) the hippocampal gyrus shifts from the middle fossa through the tentorial notch into the posterior fossa. 
B) the diencephalon shifts from the middle fossa straight downward through the tentorial notch into the posterior fossa. 
C) the cingulate gyrus shifts under the falx cerebri. 
D) a cerebellar tonsil shifts through the foramen magnum.

Question 14

Dementia is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

A) deficits in attention and coherence of thought. 
B) easy distractibility and poor concentration. 
C) loss of recent and remote memory. 
D) irritability, agitation, and restlessness. 
A) deficits in attention and coherence of thought. 
B) easy distractibility and poor concentration. 
C) loss of recent and remote memory. 
D) irritability, agitation, and restlessness.

Question 15

What is the best prognostic indicator of recovery of consciousness or functional outcome?

Accepted Answer

A) Glasgow Coma Scale 
B) Glasgow Outcome score 
C) Etiology of injury and time since onset of coma 
D) Pupillary reaction and reflective eye movements 
A) Glasgow Coma Scale 
B) Glasgow Outcome score 
C) Etiology of injury and time since onset of coma 
D) Pupillary reaction and reflective eye movements

Question 16

The reticular activating system provides arousal to the cerebral hemispheres.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

What are the areas of the brain that mediate several cognitive functions, including vigilance, reasoning, and executive functions?

Accepted Answer

A) Limbic 
B) Prefrontal 
C) Parietal 
D) Occipital 
A) Limbic 
B) Prefrontal 
C) Parietal 
D) Occipital

Question 18

The general pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying cognitive network deficits are compression and ischemia.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions.
-Abnormal involuntary movement

Accepted Answer

A) Paroxysmal dyskinesia 
B) Flaccidity 
C) Wernicke aphasia 
D) Spasticity 
E) Akinesia
F)Broca dysphasia 
A) Paroxysmal dyskinesia 
B) Flaccidity 
C) Wernicke aphasia 
D) Spasticity 
E) Akinesia
F)Broca dysphasia

Question 20

Which is a description of Cheyne-Stokes respirations?

Accepted Answer

A) A sustained deep rapid, but regular pattern of breathing 
B) A smooth increase in rate and depth followed by a gradual smooth decrease in rate and depth 
C) A prolonged inspiratory period followed gradually by a short expiratory period 
D) A completely irregular breathing pattern with random shallow, deep breaths and irregular pauses 
A) A sustained deep rapid, but regular pattern of breathing 
B) A smooth increase in rate and depth followed by a gradual smooth decrease in rate and depth 
C) A prolonged inspiratory period followed gradually by a short expiratory period 
D) A completely irregular breathing pattern with random shallow, deep breaths and irregular pauses

Exam 16: Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics and Motor Function

Which midbrain dysfunction causes pupils to be pinpoint size and fixed in position?

_____ is the loss of speech or the loss of comprehension of spoken or written language.

The clinical manifestations of Parkinson disease (PD) include:

Dilation of the ipsilateral pupil following uncal herniation is the result of pressure on which of the following cranial nerves?

Clinical manifestations of Parkinson disease are caused by a deficit in which neurotransmitter?

Since his cerebrovascular accident, a man has been denying his left hemiplegia.What term is used to describe this finding?

Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions. -Upper motor neuron disorders

Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions. -Decrease in voluntary movement

Status epilepticus is considered a medical emergency because of the:

The neural center that controls normal breathing is believed to be located in the brainstem.

Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions. -Receptive dysphasia

Which neurologic disorder is characterized by cortical nerve cell processes that have become twisted and dilated?

Uncal herniation occurs when:

Dementia is characterized by:

What is the best prognostic indicator of recovery of consciousness or functional outcome?

The reticular activating system provides arousal to the cerebral hemispheres.

What are the areas of the brain that mediate several cognitive functions, including vigilance, reasoning, and executive functions?

The general pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying cognitive network deficits are compression and ischemia.

Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions. -Abnormal involuntary movement

Which is a description of Cheyne-Stokes respirations?

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive System

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adult

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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