Question 1

About half of all people with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have neurologic complications.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Spinal cord injuries are most likely to occur in which of the following regions?

Accepted Answer

A) Cervical and thoracic 
B) Thoracic and lumbar 
C) Lumbar and sacral 
D) Cervical and lumbar 
A) Cervical and thoracic 
B) Thoracic and lumbar 
C) Lumbar and sacral 
D) Cervical and lumbar

Question 3

Guillain-Barré syndrome causes muscle weakness that can progressively worsen for up to 4 weeks.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

What are the initial clinical manifestations noted immediately after a spinal cord injury?

Accepted Answer

A) Headache, bradycardia, and elevated blood pressure 
B) Confusion, irritability, and retrograde amnesia 
C) Loss of deep tendon reflexes and flaccid paralysis 
D) Hypertension, neurogenic shock, and tachycardia 
A) Headache, bradycardia, and elevated blood pressure 
B) Confusion, irritability, and retrograde amnesia 
C) Loss of deep tendon reflexes and flaccid paralysis 
D) Hypertension, neurogenic shock, and tachycardia

Question 5

What damage is most likely to occur to the brain in a classic cerebral concussion?

Accepted Answer

A) Diffuse cerebral disconnection from the reticular activating system 
B) Cerebral edema throughout the cerebral cortex 
C) Cerebral edema throughout the diencephalon 
D) Disruption of axons extending from the diencephalon and brainstem 
A) Diffuse cerebral disconnection from the reticular activating system 
B) Cerebral edema throughout the cerebral cortex 
C) Cerebral edema throughout the diencephalon 
D) Disruption of axons extending from the diencephalon and brainstem

Question 6

Atrial fibrillation, rheumatic heart disease, and valvular prosthetics are risk factors for which type of stroke?

Accepted Answer

A) Hemorrhagic 
B) Thrombotic 
C) Embolic 
D) Lacunar 
A) Hemorrhagic 
B) Thrombotic 
C) Embolic 
D) Lacunar

Question 7

Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions.
-May be acute or chronic accumulation of venous blood

Accepted Answer

A) Contusion 
B) Extradural hematoma 
C) Subdural hematoma 
A) Contusion 
B) Extradural hematoma 
C) Subdural hematoma

Question 8

Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions.
-Lyme disease

Accepted Answer

A) Complication of mastoiditis 
B) Opportunistic infection 
C) CNS manifestation of tuberculosis 
D) Mosquito-borne viral infection 
E) Tick-borne bacterial infection 
A) Complication of mastoiditis 
B) Opportunistic infection 
C) CNS manifestation of tuberculosis 
D) Mosquito-borne viral infection 
E) Tick-borne bacterial infection

Question 9

Which cerebral vascular disorder causes meningeal irritation, photophobia, and positive Kernig and Brudzinski signs?

Accepted Answer

A) Intracranial hemorrhage 
B) Subarachnoid hemorrhage 
C) Epidural hemorrhage 
D) Subdural hemorrhage 
A) Intracranial hemorrhage 
B) Subarachnoid hemorrhage 
C) Epidural hemorrhage 
D) Subdural hemorrhage

Question 10

The most likely rationale for body temperature fluctuations after cervical spinal cord injury is that the person:

Accepted Answer

A) has developed bilateral pneumonia or a urinary tract infection. 
B) has sympathetic nervous system damage resulting in disturbed thermal control. 
C) also sustained a head injury that damaged the hypothalamus's ability to regulate temperature. 
D) has developed septicemia from posttrauma infection. 
A) has developed bilateral pneumonia or a urinary tract infection. 
B) has sympathetic nervous system damage resulting in disturbed thermal control. 
C) also sustained a head injury that damaged the hypothalamus's ability to regulate temperature. 
D) has developed septicemia from posttrauma infection.

Question 11

In adults most intracranial tumors are located:

Accepted Answer

A) above the tentorium cerebelli. 
B) below the tentorium cerebelli. 
C) laterally. 
D) posterolaterally. 
A) above the tentorium cerebelli. 
B) below the tentorium cerebelli. 
C) laterally. 
D) posterolaterally.

Question 12

Why does a person who has a spinal cord injury experience faulty control of sweating?

Accepted Answer

A) The hypothalamus is unable to regulate body heat as a result of sympathetic nervous system damage. 
B) The thalamus is unable to regulate body heat as a result of sympathetic nervous system damage. 
C) The hypothalamus is unable to regulate body heat as a result of parasympathetic nervous system damage. 
D) The hypothalamus is unable to regulate body heat as a result of damage to spinal nerve roots. 
A) The hypothalamus is unable to regulate body heat as a result of sympathetic nervous system damage. 
B) The thalamus is unable to regulate body heat as a result of sympathetic nervous system damage. 
C) The hypothalamus is unable to regulate body heat as a result of parasympathetic nervous system damage. 
D) The hypothalamus is unable to regulate body heat as a result of damage to spinal nerve roots.

Question 13

What complication is occurring for a person who has a spinal cord injury above T6 and is experiencing paroxysmal hypertension as well as piloerection and sweating above the spinal cord lesion?

Accepted Answer

A) Craniosacral dysreflexia 
B) Parasympathetic dysreflexia 
C) Autonomic hyperreflexia 
D) Healing of the spinal cord lesion 
A) Craniosacral dysreflexia 
B) Parasympathetic dysreflexia 
C) Autonomic hyperreflexia 
D) Healing of the spinal cord lesion

Question 14

In which disorder are acetylcholine receptor antibodies (IgG antibodies) produced against acetylcholine receptors?

Accepted Answer

A) Guillain-Barré syndrome 
B) Multiple sclerosis 
C) Myasthenia gravis 
D) Parkinson disease 
A) Guillain-Barré syndrome 
B) Multiple sclerosis 
C) Myasthenia gravis 
D) Parkinson disease

Question 15

Most people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) can live symptom free for at least 10 years following diagnosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

A) an autosomal dominant genetic disorder. 
B) demyelination of central nervous system neurons. 
C) upper and lower motor neuron degeneration. 
D) an autoimmune disorder caused by a virus. 
A) an autosomal dominant genetic disorder. 
B) demyelination of central nervous system neurons. 
C) upper and lower motor neuron degeneration. 
D) an autoimmune disorder caused by a virus.

Question 17

A right hemisphere embolic cerebrovascular accident has resulted in left-sided paralysis and reduced sensation of the left foot and leg.The vessel most likely affected by the emboli is the right _____ artery.

Accepted Answer

A) middle cerebral 
B) vertebral 
C) posterior cerebral 
D) anterior cerebral 
A) middle cerebral 
B) vertebral 
C) posterior cerebral 
D) anterior cerebral

Question 18

The most severe diffuse brain injury caused by rotational acceleration is most likely to be located in the:

Accepted Answer

A) diencephalon to the brainstem. 
B) medial portion of the brainstem. 
C) entire brainstem. 
D) diencephalon. 
A) diencephalon to the brainstem. 
B) medial portion of the brainstem. 
C) entire brainstem. 
D) diencephalon.

Question 19

Which vascular malformation is characterized by arteries that feed directly into veins through vascular tangles of abnormal vessels?

Accepted Answer

A) Cavernous angioma 
B) Capillary telangiectasia 
C) Arteriovenous angioma 
D) Arteriovenous malformation 
A) Cavernous angioma 
B) Capillary telangiectasia 
C) Arteriovenous angioma 
D) Arteriovenous malformation

Question 20

What sequence causes autonomic hyperreflexia-induced bradycardia?

Accepted Answer

A) Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system to ß-adrenergic receptors to the sinoatrial node 
B) Stimulation of the carotid sinus to the vagus nerve to the sinoatrial node 
C) Stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system to the glossopharyngeal nerve to the atrioventricular node 
D) Stimulation of the bundle branches to the a-adrenergic receptors to the sinoatrial node 
A) Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system to ß-adrenergic receptors to the sinoatrial node 
B) Stimulation of the carotid sinus to the vagus nerve to the sinoatrial node 
C) Stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system to the glossopharyngeal nerve to the atrioventricular node 
D) Stimulation of the bundle branches to the a-adrenergic receptors to the sinoatrial node

Exam 17: Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

About half of all people with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have neurologic complications.

Spinal cord injuries are most likely to occur in which of the following regions?

Guillain-Barré syndrome causes muscle weakness that can progressively worsen for up to 4 weeks.

What are the initial clinical manifestations noted immediately after a spinal cord injury?

What damage is most likely to occur to the brain in a classic cerebral concussion?

Atrial fibrillation, rheumatic heart disease, and valvular prosthetics are risk factors for which type of stroke?

Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions. -May be acute or chronic accumulation of venous blood

Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions. -Lyme disease

Which cerebral vascular disorder causes meningeal irritation, photophobia, and positive Kernig and Brudzinski signs?

The most likely rationale for body temperature fluctuations after cervical spinal cord injury is that the person:

In adults most intracranial tumors are located:

Why does a person who has a spinal cord injury experience faulty control of sweating?

What complication is occurring for a person who has a spinal cord injury above T6 and is experiencing paroxysmal hypertension as well as piloerection and sweating above the spinal cord lesion?

In which disorder are acetylcholine receptor antibodies (IgG antibodies) produced against acetylcholine receptors?

Most people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) can live symptom free for at least 10 years following diagnosis.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by:

A right hemisphere embolic cerebrovascular accident has resulted in left-sided paralysis and reduced sensation of the left foot and leg.The vessel most likely affected by the emboli is the right _____ artery.

The most severe diffuse brain injury caused by rotational acceleration is most likely to be located in the:

Which vascular malformation is characterized by arteries that feed directly into veins through vascular tangles of abnormal vessels?

What sequence causes autonomic hyperreflexia-induced bradycardia?

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics and Motor Function

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive System

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adult

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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