Question 1

Glucagon is synthesized by the beta cells of the pancreas.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

What effect does hyperphosphatemia have on other electrolytes?
a.It increases serum calcium.
b.It decreases serum calcium.
c.It decreases serum magnesium.
d.It increases serum magnesium.

Accepted Answer

B
Hyperpho

Question 3

What are the effects of high levels of aldosterone?

Accepted Answer

A) Hypokalemia and alkalosis 
B) Hyperkalemia and alkalosis 
C) Hyperkalemia and acidosis 
D) Hypokalemia and acidosis 
A) Hypokalemia and alkalosis 
B) Hyperkalemia and alkalosis 
C) Hyperkalemia and acidosis 
D) Hypokalemia and acidosis

Question 4

Which of the following is an expected change in an older patient?

Accepted Answer

A) Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion below normal 
B) Triiodothyronine (T3) level below normal 
C) Cortisol level above normal 
D) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) level above normal 
A) Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion below normal 
B) Triiodothyronine (T3) level below normal 
C) Cortisol level above normal 
D) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) level above normal

Question 5

The pituitary gland is located in the bony sella turcica.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

What is the target tissue for prolactin-releasing factor (PRF)?

Accepted Answer

A) Hypothalamus 
B) Anterior pituitary 
C) Mammary glands 
D) Posterior pituitary 
A) Hypothalamus 
B) Anterior pituitary 
C) Mammary glands 
D) Posterior pituitary

Question 7

When insulin binds its receptors on muscle cells, an increase in glucose uptake by the muscle cells is the result.This is an example of a _____ effect by a hormone.

Accepted Answer

A) pharmacologic 
B) permissive 
C) synergistic 
D) direct 
A) pharmacologic 
B) permissive 
C) synergistic 
D) direct

Question 8

Which of the following hormones acts on its target cell via a second messenger?

Accepted Answer

A) Angiotensin II 
B) Thyroxine 
C) Estrogen 
D) Testosterone 
A) Angiotensin II 
B) Thyroxine 
C) Estrogen 
D) Testosterone

Question 9

What is the action of calcitonin?

Accepted Answer

A) Increases metabolism 
B) Decreases metabolism 
C) Increases serum calcium 
D) Decreases serum calcium 
A) Increases metabolism 
B) Decreases metabolism 
C) Increases serum calcium 
D) Decreases serum calcium

Question 10

Which electrolyte does insulin transport in the cell?

Accepted Answer

A) Potassium 
B) Calcium 
C) Sodium 
D) Magnesium 
A) Potassium 
B) Calcium 
C) Sodium 
D) Magnesium

Question 11

What are actions of glucocorticoids?

Accepted Answer

A) Protein catabolism and liver gluconeogenesis 
B) Fat storage and glucose use 
C) Decreased blood glucose and fat mobilization 
D) Fat, protein, and carbohydrate anabolism 
A) Protein catabolism and liver gluconeogenesis 
B) Fat storage and glucose use 
C) Decreased blood glucose and fat mobilization 
D) Fat, protein, and carbohydrate anabolism

Question 12

Target cells for parathyroid hormone (PTH) are located in the:

Accepted Answer

A) tubules of nephrons. 
B) thyroid gland. 
C) glomeruli of nephrons. 
D) smooth and skeletal muscles. 
A) tubules of nephrons. 
B) thyroid gland. 
C) glomeruli of nephrons. 
D) smooth and skeletal muscles.

Question 13

What effect does aldosterone have on fluid and electrolyte imbalances?

Accepted Answer

A) It directly increases magnesium reabsorption. 
B) It directly increases calcium reabsorption. 
C) It directly increases sodium reabsorption. 
D) It directly increases water reabsorption. 
A) It directly increases magnesium reabsorption. 
B) It directly increases calcium reabsorption. 
C) It directly increases sodium reabsorption. 
D) It directly increases water reabsorption.

Question 14

Most protein hormones are transported in the bloodstream:

Accepted Answer

A) bound to a lipid-soluble carrier. 
B) free in an unbound, water-soluble form. 
C) bound to a water-soluble-binding protein. 
D) free because of their lipid-soluble chemistry. 
A) bound to a lipid-soluble carrier. 
B) free in an unbound, water-soluble form. 
C) bound to a water-soluble-binding protein. 
D) free because of their lipid-soluble chemistry.

Question 15

Which of the following is a lipid-soluble hormone?

Accepted Answer

A) Cortisol 
B) Thyroxine (T4) 
C) Epinephrine 
D) Growth hormone (GH) 
A) Cortisol 
B) Thyroxine (T4) 
C) Epinephrine 
D) Growth hormone (GH)

Question 16

Match the anatomic structure with its hormone. Names of structures may be used more than once.
-Oxytocin

Accepted Answer

A) Anterior pituitary 
B) Posterior pituitary 
C) Thyroid 
D) Adrenal cortex 
E) Adrenal medulla 
A) Anterior pituitary 
B) Posterior pituitary 
C) Thyroid 
D) Adrenal cortex 
E) Adrenal medulla

Question 17

Which second messenger is stimulated by epinephrine binding to a β-adrenergic receptor?

Accepted Answer

A) Calcium 
B) Inositol triphosphate (IP3) 
C) Diacylglycerol (DAG) 
D) Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) 
A) Calcium 
B) Inositol triphosphate (IP3) 
C) Diacylglycerol (DAG) 
D) Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)

Question 18

Which of the following is a protein hormone that is water soluble?

Accepted Answer

A) Thyroxine (T4) 
B) Aldosterone 
C) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) 
D) Insulin 
A) Thyroxine (T4) 
B) Aldosterone 
C) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) 
D) Insulin

Question 19

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) has no direct effect on electrolyte levels.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Where is oxytocin synthesized?

Accepted Answer

A) Hypothalamus 
B) Paraventricular nuclei 
C) Anterior pituitary 
D) Posterior pituitary 
A) Hypothalamus 
B) Paraventricular nuclei 
C) Anterior pituitary 
D) Posterior pituitary

Exam 20: Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Glucagon is synthesized by the beta cells of the pancreas.

What effect does hyperphosphatemia have on other electrolytes? a.It increases serum calcium. b.It decreases serum calcium. c.It decreases serum magnesium. d.It increases serum magnesium.

What are the effects of high levels of aldosterone?

Which of the following is an expected change in an older patient?

The pituitary gland is located in the bony sella turcica.

What is the target tissue for prolactin-releasing factor (PRF)?

When insulin binds its receptors on muscle cells, an increase in glucose uptake by the muscle cells is the result.This is an example of a _____ effect by a hormone.

Which of the following hormones acts on its target cell via a second messenger?

What is the action of calcitonin?

Which electrolyte does insulin transport in the cell?

What are actions of glucocorticoids?

Target cells for parathyroid hormone (PTH) are located in the:

What effect does aldosterone have on fluid and electrolyte imbalances?

Most protein hormones are transported in the bloodstream:

Which of the following is a lipid-soluble hormone?

Match the anatomic structure with its hormone. Names of structures may be used more than once. -Oxytocin

Which second messenger is stimulated by epinephrine binding to a β-adrenergic receptor?

Which of the following is a protein hormone that is water soluble?

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) has no direct effect on electrolyte levels.

Where is oxytocin synthesized?

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive System

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adult

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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