Exam 31: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

The function of a patent opening between the left and right atria in a fetus is that it allows:

Match the phrases with the corresponding terms. -Ostium primum

Classic manifestations of a systolic ejection murmur, cyanosis of the lower extremities, and decreased or absent femoral pulse are indicative of an older child with which of the following congenital defects?

Acquired heart disease is the most common cardiovascular disease in children.

Common clinical manifestations of right ventricular failure in infants include unexplained weight gain and periorbital edema.

Lesions that increase the pulmonary blood flow are called right-to-left shunts.

Match the phrases with the corresponding terms. -Truncus arteriosus

An infant has a continuous-machine type of murmur best heard at the left upper sternal border throughout systole and diastole.The infant has a bounding pulse and a thrill on palpation.These clinical findings are consistent with which congenital heart defect?

Closure of the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in a full-term infant normally occurs immediately after birth.

Coarctation of the aorta (COA) may be located:

Diagnosis of primary hypertension in children is difficult because the early stages are often asymptomatic.

In general, the pathophysiologic mechanisms of congestive heart failure (CHF) are very different in infants and children than in adults.

Which congenital heart defects occur in trisomy 13, trisomy 18, and Down syndrome?

Which of the following is consistent with the cardiac defect of transposition of the great vessels?

Match the phrases with the corresponding terms. -Septum secundum

The purpose of the foramen ovale is to allow a right-to-left shunt necessary for fetal circulation.

The foramen ovale is covered by a flap that creates a check valve allowing blood to flow unidirectionally from the _____ to the _____.

Which heart defect produces a systolic ejection click at the upper left sternal border with a thrill palpated at the upper left sternal border?

Iron deficiency anemia may result from polycythemia that develops from chronic hypoxia.

Congenital heart defects that cause acyanotic congestive heart failure usually involve: