Question 1

The relationship between arterial perfusion and alveolar gas pressure at the base of the lungs is best described as:

Accepted Answer

A) alveolar gas pressure exceeds arterial perfusion pressure. 
B) arterial perfusion pressure and alveolar gas pressure are less than at the apex. 
C) arterial perfusion pressure exceeds alveolar gas pressure. 
D) alveolar gas pressure and arterial perfusion pressure are equal. 
A) alveolar gas pressure exceeds arterial perfusion pressure. 
B) arterial perfusion pressure and alveolar gas pressure are less than at the apex. 
C) arterial perfusion pressure exceeds alveolar gas pressure. 
D) alveolar gas pressure and arterial perfusion pressure are equal.

Question 2

How is most of the oxygen in the blood transported?

Accepted Answer

A) Dissolved in plasma 
B) Bound to hemoglobin 
C) In the form of carbon dioxide (CO₂) 
D) Bound to protein 
A) Dissolved in plasma 
B) Bound to hemoglobin 
C) In the form of carbon dioxide (CO₂) 
D) Bound to protein

Question 3

Veins of the pulmonary circulation are similar to the veins of the systemic circulation, but contain no one-way valves.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Changes in the alveoli that cause an increase in alveolar surface tension, alveolar collapse, and decreased lung expansion are a result of:

Accepted Answer

A) decreased alveolar macrophage production. 
B) increased compliance. 
C) decreased surfactant production. 
D) increased stimulation by peripheral chemoreceptors. 
A) decreased alveolar macrophage production. 
B) increased compliance. 
C) decreased surfactant production. 
D) increased stimulation by peripheral chemoreceptors.

Question 5

Decreased lung compliance means that the lungs are:

Accepted Answer

A) difficult to deflate. 
B) easily inflated. 
C) stiff. 
D) unable to diffuse oxygen. 
A) difficult to deflate. 
B) easily inflated. 
C) stiff. 
D) unable to diffuse oxygen.

Question 6

Match the location of each receptor.
-Located near capillaries in the alveolar septa

Accepted Answer

A) Irritant receptors 
B) Stretch receptors 
C) J-receptors 
D) Peripheral chemoreceptors 
E) Central chemoreceptors 
A) Irritant receptors 
B) Stretch receptors 
C) J-receptors 
D) Peripheral chemoreceptors 
E) Central chemoreceptors

Question 7

Normal physiologic changes in the aging pulmonary system include:

Accepted Answer

A) decreased flow resistance. 
B) fewer alveoli. 
C) stiffening of the chest wall. 
D) improved elastic recoil. 
A) decreased flow resistance. 
B) fewer alveoli. 
C) stiffening of the chest wall. 
D) improved elastic recoil.

Question 8

Match the receptor with its action and then with its location. Receptors may be used more than once.
-Senses pH of cerebrospinal fluid

Accepted Answer

A) Irritant receptors 
B) Stretch receptors 
C) J-receptors 
D) Peripheral chemoreceptors 
E) Central chemoreceptors 
A) Irritant receptors 
B) Stretch receptors 
C) J-receptors 
D) Peripheral chemoreceptors 
E) Central chemoreceptors

Question 9

Which part of the brainstem provides basic automatic rhythm of respiration by sending efferent impulses to the diaphragm and intercostal muscles?

Accepted Answer

A) Dorsal respiratory group (DRG) 
B) Ventral respiratory group 
C) Pneumotaxic center 
D) Apneustic center 
A) Dorsal respiratory group (DRG) 
B) Ventral respiratory group 
C) Pneumotaxic center 
D) Apneustic center

Question 10

Surfactant produced by type II pneumocytes facilitates alveolar distention and ventilation by:

Accepted Answer

A) decreasing thoracic compliance. 
B) attracting water to the alveolar surface. 
C) decreasing surface tension in alveoli. 
D) increasing surface tension in alveoli. 
A) decreasing thoracic compliance. 
B) attracting water to the alveolar surface. 
C) decreasing surface tension in alveoli. 
D) increasing surface tension in alveoli.

Question 11

The movement of gas and air into and out of the lungs is called:

Accepted Answer

A) perfusion. 
B) ventilation. 
C) respiration. 
D) diffusion. 
A) perfusion. 
B) ventilation. 
C) respiration. 
D) diffusion.

Question 12

Which of the following structures is not associated with any lymphatic vessels?

Accepted Answer

A) Trachea 
B) Bronchi 
C) Acinus 
D) Terminal bronchioles 
A) Trachea 
B) Bronchi 
C) Acinus 
D) Terminal bronchioles

Question 13

Match the location of each receptor.
-Located in the epithelium of conducting airways

Accepted Answer

A) Irritant receptors 
B) Stretch receptors 
C) J-receptors 
D) Peripheral chemoreceptors 
E) Central chemoreceptors 
A) Irritant receptors 
B) Stretch receptors 
C) J-receptors 
D) Peripheral chemoreceptors 
E) Central chemoreceptors

Question 14

The sternocleidomastoid and scalene muscles are referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A) diaphragmatic muscles. 
B) muscles of expiration. 
C) intercostal muscles. 
D) muscles of inspiration. 
A) diaphragmatic muscles. 
B) muscles of expiration. 
C) intercostal muscles. 
D) muscles of inspiration.

Question 15

Which of the following is the most important cause of pulmonary artery constriction?

Accepted Answer

A) Low alveolar PO₂ 
B) Hyperventilation 
C) Respiratory alkalosis 
D) Epinephrine 
A) Low alveolar PO₂ 
B) Hyperventilation 
C) Respiratory alkalosis 
D) Epinephrine

Question 16

The bronchial circulation is part of the systemic circulation and does not participate in gas exchange.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Match the receptor with its action and then with its location. Receptors may be used more than once.
-Initiates cough reflex

Accepted Answer

A) Irritant receptors 
B) Stretch receptors 
C) J-receptors 
D) Peripheral chemoreceptors 
E) Central chemoreceptors 
A) Irritant receptors 
B) Stretch receptors 
C) J-receptors 
D) Peripheral chemoreceptors 
E) Central chemoreceptors

Question 18

Aspiration is most likely to occur in the:

Accepted Answer

A) right mainstem bronchus because it extends vertically from the trachea. 
B) left mainstem bronchus because it is more narrow. 
C) trachea because it comes into contact with the food and drink first. 
D) carina because of its location at the site where the bronchi bifurcates. 
A) right mainstem bronchus because it extends vertically from the trachea. 
B) left mainstem bronchus because it is more narrow. 
C) trachea because it comes into contact with the food and drink first. 
D) carina because of its location at the site where the bronchi bifurcates.

Question 19

Hypoventilation that results in the retention carbon dioxide will stimulate which of the following receptors in an attempt to maintain a normal homeostatic state?

Accepted Answer

A) Irritant receptors 
B) Central chemoreceptors 
C) Peripheral chemoreceptors 
D) Stretch receptors 
A) Irritant receptors 
B) Central chemoreceptors 
C) Peripheral chemoreceptors 
D) Stretch receptors

Question 20

The nurse who is auscultating the lungs of a child who has aspirated a piece of hot dog, would expect decreased or absent breath sound over the:

Accepted Answer

A) left lung. 
B) right lung. 
C) trachea. 
D) carina. 
A) left lung. 
B) right lung. 
C) trachea. 
D) carina.

Exam 32: Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

The relationship between arterial perfusion and alveolar gas pressure at the base of the lungs is best described as:

How is most of the oxygen in the blood transported?

Veins of the pulmonary circulation are similar to the veins of the systemic circulation, but contain no one-way valves.

Changes in the alveoli that cause an increase in alveolar surface tension, alveolar collapse, and decreased lung expansion are a result of:

Decreased lung compliance means that the lungs are:

Match the location of each receptor. -Located near capillaries in the alveolar septa

Normal physiologic changes in the aging pulmonary system include:

Match the receptor with its action and then with its location. Receptors may be used more than once. -Senses pH of cerebrospinal fluid

Which part of the brainstem provides basic automatic rhythm of respiration by sending efferent impulses to the diaphragm and intercostal muscles?

Surfactant produced by type II pneumocytes facilitates alveolar distention and ventilation by:

The movement of gas and air into and out of the lungs is called:

Which of the following structures is not associated with any lymphatic vessels?

Match the location of each receptor. -Located in the epithelium of conducting airways

The sternocleidomastoid and scalene muscles are referred to as:

Which of the following is the most important cause of pulmonary artery constriction?

The bronchial circulation is part of the systemic circulation and does not participate in gas exchange.

Match the receptor with its action and then with its location. Receptors may be used more than once. -Initiates cough reflex

Aspiration is most likely to occur in the:

Hypoventilation that results in the retention carbon dioxide will stimulate which of the following receptors in an attempt to maintain a normal homeostatic state?

The nurse who is auscultating the lungs of a child who has aspirated a piece of hot dog, would expect decreased or absent breath sound over the:

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive System

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adult

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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