Question 1

In immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy (Berger nephropathy), the IgA, IgM, and complement proteins are deposited in the:

Accepted Answer

A) juxtamedullary nephrons. 
B) glomerular endothelium. 
C) mesangium of the glomerular capillaries. 
D) parietal epithelium. 
A) juxtamedullary nephrons. 
B) glomerular endothelium. 
C) mesangium of the glomerular capillaries. 
D) parietal epithelium.

Question 2

Approximately one third of individuals with horseshoe kidneys are asymptomatic.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Which of the following is not considered part of the nephrotic syndrome in children?

Accepted Answer

A) Proteinuria 
B) Pyuria 
C) Hyperlipidemia 
D) Edema 
A) Proteinuria 
B) Pyuria 
C) Hyperlipidemia 
D) Edema

Question 4

The number of nephrons in the kidneys increases from birth until puberty.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Structural anomalies that are associated with urinary tract malformations include low-set, malformed ears; absent abdominal muscles; and imperforate anus or genital deviation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Organic causes of enuresis are the most common.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The total electrolyte concentration in extracellular fluids is greater in the newborn than in the adult.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Bacteria gain access to the urinary tract by:

Accepted Answer

A) the systemic blood that is filtered through the kidney. 
B) traveling from the lymph adjacent to the bladder and kidneys. 
C) ascending up the urethra into the bladder or up the ureters into the kidney. 
D) colonizing the bladder when urine is static. 
A) the systemic blood that is filtered through the kidney. 
B) traveling from the lymph adjacent to the bladder and kidneys. 
C) ascending up the urethra into the bladder or up the ureters into the kidney. 
D) colonizing the bladder when urine is static.

Question 9

The pathophysiologic process responsible for the hemolytic-uremic syndrome is that:

Accepted Answer

A) an autoimmune disorder in which immunoglobulin A (Ig
A)  coats erythrocytes that are destroyed by the spleen and remnants are excreted through the kidneys. 
B) verotoxin from E. coli is absorbed from the intestines and damages erythrocytes and endothelial cells. 
C) endotoxins from E. coli block the erythropoietin produced by the kidneys, which reduces the number of erythrocytes produced by the bone marrow. 
D) failure of the nephron to filter urea increases the blood urea nitrogen, which binds to erythrocytes that are subsequently destroyed by the spleen. 
A) an autoimmune disorder in which immunoglobulin A (Ig
A)  coats erythrocytes that are destroyed by the spleen and remnants are excreted through the kidneys. 
B) verotoxin from E. coli is absorbed from the intestines and damages erythrocytes and endothelial cells. 
C) endotoxins from E. coli block the erythropoietin produced by the kidneys, which reduces the number of erythrocytes produced by the bone marrow. 
D) failure of the nephron to filter urea increases the blood urea nitrogen, which binds to erythrocytes that are subsequently destroyed by the spleen.

Question 10

Match the kidney disorder with the corresponding descriptions.
-Associated with functional or organic obstruction of the collecting system

Accepted Answer

A) Hemolytic-uremic syndrome 
B) Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis 
C) Renal dysplasia 
D) Ureteropelvic junction obstruction 
E) Polycystic kidney disease 
A) Hemolytic-uremic syndrome 
B) Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis 
C) Renal dysplasia 
D) Ureteropelvic junction obstruction 
E) Polycystic kidney disease

Question 11

Hypertension occurs in acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) because of the:

Accepted Answer

A) increase in capillary permeability along the glomerular vascular membrane. 
B) release of endothelin-1 as a result of endothelial injury and platelet activation. 
C) activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system stimulated by decreased renal perfusion. 
D) stimulation of b-adrenergic nerves that cause vasoconstriction. 
A) increase in capillary permeability along the glomerular vascular membrane. 
B) release of endothelin-1 as a result of endothelial injury and platelet activation. 
C) activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system stimulated by decreased renal perfusion. 
D) stimulation of b-adrenergic nerves that cause vasoconstriction.

Question 12

Match the kidney disorder with the corresponding descriptions.
-Autosomal dominant inherited disorder

Accepted Answer

A) Hemolytic-uremic syndrome 
B) Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis 
C) Renal dysplasia 
D) Ureteropelvic junction obstruction 
E) Polycystic kidney disease 
A) Hemolytic-uremic syndrome 
B) Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis 
C) Renal dysplasia 
D) Ureteropelvic junction obstruction 
E) Polycystic kidney disease

Question 13

Which of the following represents the final stage in the embryonic development of the kidney?

Accepted Answer

A) Metanephros 
B) Mesonephros 
C) Pronephros 
D) Endonephros 
A) Metanephros 
B) Mesonephros 
C) Pronephros 
D) Endonephros

Question 14

Which statement is false about the causes of enuresis?

Accepted Answer

A) Enuresis is caused by a maturational lag. 
B) Enuresis may be related to nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. 
C) Enuresis may be a symptom of obstructive sleep apnea. 
D) Enuresis may be caused by excessive antidiuretic hormone (ADH). 
A) Enuresis is caused by a maturational lag. 
B) Enuresis may be related to nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. 
C) Enuresis may be a symptom of obstructive sleep apnea. 
D) Enuresis may be caused by excessive antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

Question 15

Match the kidney disorder with the corresponding descriptions.
-Fibrin rich thrombi can be found throughout the microcirculation

Accepted Answer

A) Hemolytic-uremic syndrome 
B) Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis 
C) Renal dysplasia 
D) Ureteropelvic junction obstruction 
E) Polycystic kidney disease 
A) Hemolytic-uremic syndrome 
B) Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis 
C) Renal dysplasia 
D) Ureteropelvic junction obstruction 
E) Polycystic kidney disease

Exam 37: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

In immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy (Berger nephropathy), the IgA, IgM, and complement proteins are deposited in the:

Approximately one third of individuals with horseshoe kidneys are asymptomatic.

Which of the following is not considered part of the nephrotic syndrome in children?

The number of nephrons in the kidneys increases from birth until puberty.

Structural anomalies that are associated with urinary tract malformations include low-set, malformed ears; absent abdominal muscles; and imperforate anus or genital deviation.

Organic causes of enuresis are the most common.

The total electrolyte concentration in extracellular fluids is greater in the newborn than in the adult.

Bacteria gain access to the urinary tract by:

The pathophysiologic process responsible for the hemolytic-uremic syndrome is that:

Match the kidney disorder with the corresponding descriptions. -Associated with functional or organic obstruction of the collecting system

Hypertension occurs in acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) because of the:

Match the kidney disorder with the corresponding descriptions. -Autosomal dominant inherited disorder

Which of the following represents the final stage in the embryonic development of the kidney?

Which statement is false about the causes of enuresis?

Match the kidney disorder with the corresponding descriptions. -Fibrin rich thrombi can be found throughout the microcirculation

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive System

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adult

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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