Exam 2: Seciton 3: Beginnings: Theories of Development

Robin has always had a difficult time remembering things. She went to a psychologist, and underwent tests concluding that the way she senses input and then stores the information is interfering with her ability to recall the information. This explanation for Robin's memory difficulties is consistent with _____.

Theories can do all of the following EXCEPT _____.

The approach to cognitive development that describes cognition with details of the cognitive process instead of stages is called _____ theory.

Vygotsky used the term _____ to describe the method used by parents, teachers, and entire societies to teach novices the skills and habits expected within their culture.

Skinner believed that psychology should focus on the study of behavior. The type of conditioning that Skinner identified was _____.

According to Vygotsky, the skills, knowledge, and concepts that the learner is close to acquiring but cannot yet master without help is referred to as _____.

According to Maslow, self-actualization is _____.

Unlike Freud, Erikson _____.

The foundation of psychoanalytic theory is _____.

Sally has a dog at home so she knows about dogs. She is walking down the street and sees an animal walking toward her. The animal has four legs, fur, and a tail. Sally knows that these are characteristics of dogs. But the animal coming toward her is meowing, not barking. Sally's mom tells her that the animal is a cat. Now when Sally sees an animal with four legs, a tail, and fur she will conclude it is a dog if it barks and a cat if it meows, illustrating _____.

The idea that human development results from the dynamic interaction between developing persons and their surrounding society is the central thesis of _____.

The modeling of behavior is more likely to occur when the model is all of the following EXCEPT _____.

According to Abraham Maslow, all people _____.

Lilly's 12-year-old son used to get out of bed easily and early on school days, but lately he has been hard to wake. While reading a parenting book, Lilly came across the theory of "delayed phase of preference," in which sleep patterns shift when young people start to go through puberty. In this example, a theory helped Lilly _____.

The so-called "new" theories, unlike the grand theories, are multicultural and multidisciplinary. Evolutionary theory, for example, draws on all of the following EXCEPT _____.

The process by which a response becomes linked to particular stimulus is called _____.

Carl Rogers, also a humanist, thought that people should give each other _____, which means that they should see each other with appreciation without conditions.

According to evolutionary theory, why are so many people afraid of spiders?

Johnny is 12 years old and has been aggressive toward his siblings and peers, hitting, kicking, and calling them names. Johnny's parents are worried about these new aggressive behaviors and consult with a psychologist, who suggests that this behavior could be a result of watching too many violent movies and playing too many violent videogames. The psychologist's explanation for the aggression is consistent with _____.

Who was a cognitive theorist?