Exam 2: Seciton 3: Beginnings: Theories of Development

The theories that have brought an understanding of intellectual processes and how our thoughts and beliefs affect every aspect of our development are _____ theories.

According to Piaget, intellectual advancement occurs because of cognitive _____.

Which psychoanalytic theorist identified unique stages of development from birth through late adulthood?

Though many of the theorists who followed Freud's psychoanalytic theory modified and expanded his ideas, they agreed on the importance of _____.

Each stage of Freud's psychosexual theory of development is characterized by a conflict associated with different parts of the body. According to Freud, how people experience and resolve each conflict influences personality _____.

The process by which living creatures (including people) adjust to their environment is referred to as _____.

Operant conditioning is also referred to as _____.

The approach taken by most developmentalists, in which they apply aspects of each of the various theories of development rather than adhering exclusively to one theory, is referred to as the _____ perspective.

_____ has/have shown the effect that immediate response, associations, and examples have on learning, moment by moment and over time.

A theory that stresses the potential of all humans for good and the belief that all people have the same basic needs, regardless of culture, gender, or background, is _____.

The theories that stress that human differences are less significant than shared characteristics are _____ theories.

When people go swimming they usually wear swimsuits. Wearing swimsuits rather than some other item of clothing when swimming is a _____.

An explanation of facts and observations defined by a set of concepts and ideas that organize phenomena is a _____.

Tammy grew up watching her parents fight. Now that Tammy is an adult she does not want to fight all the time with her romantic partners. Which of the following best explains how Tammy learned that she did not want a relationship filled with conflict?

Vygotsky used the term _____ to describe how cognition is stimulated and developed in people by more skilled members of society.

The teacher praised the students for their good work on the spelling test. The teacher hopes that the praise will encourage the students to study hard for the next spelling test. In this example, praise is operating as a _____.

_____ theories hold that all people share impulses and motivations.

Approaches to toilet training have changed over time. At one point it was suggested that parents toilet train whenever they wished, using reinforcement as part of the training. This view is most consistent with _____.

A person observes the actions of others and copies them. Social learning theorists would call this an example of _____.

A systematic statement of principles and generalizations that provides a framework for understanding how and why people change over time is a _____.