Question 1

The life-threatening problems associated with myelomeningocele include:

Accepted Answer

A) upward displacement of the cerebellum into the diencephalon. 
B) motor and sensory lesions below the level of the myelomeningocele. 
C) downward displacement of the cerebellum, brainstem, and fourth ventricle. 
D) encephalitis causing generalized cerebral edema and hydrocephalus. 
A) upward displacement of the cerebellum into the diencephalon. 
B) motor and sensory lesions below the level of the myelomeningocele. 
C) downward displacement of the cerebellum, brainstem, and fourth ventricle. 
D) encephalitis causing generalized cerebral edema and hydrocephalus.

Question 2

The largest site for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in infants and children is the __________ system.

Accepted Answer

A) central nervous 
B) gastrointestinal 
C) integumentary 
D) musculoskeletal 
A) central nervous 
B) gastrointestinal 
C) integumentary 
D) musculoskeletal

Question 3

A _____ is the test done on amniotic fluid and maternal blood to test for neural tube defect.

Accepted Answer

A) total protein 
B) culture 
C) α-fetoprotein (AFP) 
D) C-reactive protein 
A) total protein 
B) culture 
C) α-fetoprotein (AFP) 
D) C-reactive protein

Question 4

_____ is an extreme form of anterior midline defect of neural tube closure.

Accepted Answer

A) Anencephaly 
B) Myelodysplasia 
C) Cyclopia 
D) Hydrocephaly 
A) Anencephaly 
B) Myelodysplasia 
C) Cyclopia 
D) Hydrocephaly

Question 5

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms.
-Decerebrate rigidity, deepening coma, large fixed pupils

Accepted Answer

A) Reye syndrome, stage I 
B) Reye syndrome, stage II 
C) Reye syndrome, stage III 
D) Reye syndrome, stage IV 
E) Reye syndrome, stage V 
A) Reye syndrome, stage I 
B) Reye syndrome, stage II 
C) Reye syndrome, stage III 
D) Reye syndrome, stage IV 
E) Reye syndrome, stage V

Question 6

The clinical manifestations of dyskinetic cerebral palsy include:

Accepted Answer

A) increased muscle tone and prolonged primitive reflexes. 
B) exaggerated deep tendon reflexes, clonus, and rigidity of extremities. 
C) scoliosis, contractures, and stiffness of trunk muscles. 
D) jerky uncontrolled and abrupt fine musculoskeletal movements. 
A) increased muscle tone and prolonged primitive reflexes. 
B) exaggerated deep tendon reflexes, clonus, and rigidity of extremities. 
C) scoliosis, contractures, and stiffness of trunk muscles. 
D) jerky uncontrolled and abrupt fine musculoskeletal movements.

Question 7

Children with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy commonly have normal neurologic examinations, normal intelligence, and positive family history of seizures.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Although cerebral palsy is nonprogressive, its clinical manifestations change with growth and maturation of the child.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Benign febrile seizures are characterized by:

Accepted Answer

A) a temperature less than 39° C. 
B) respiratory or ear infections. 
C) onset after the fifth year of life. 
D) lasting 30 minutes or more. 
A) a temperature less than 39° C. 
B) respiratory or ear infections. 
C) onset after the fifth year of life. 
D) lasting 30 minutes or more.

Question 10

Match the tumor name with its site of development.
-Causes unilateral symptoms such as nystagmus

Accepted Answer

A) Medulloblastoma 
B) Ependymoma 
C) Cerebellar astrocytoma 
D) Craniopharyngioma 
E) Neuroblastoma 
A) Medulloblastoma 
B) Ependymoma 
C) Cerebellar astrocytoma 
D) Craniopharyngioma 
E) Neuroblastoma

Question 11

Craniosynostosis is the premature closure of one or more of the cranial sutures during the first 6 months of the infant's life.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

An infant with hydrocephalus has characteristically:

Accepted Answer

A) shrunken ventricles. 
B) bulging fontanels. 
C) retarded head growth. 
D) decreased production of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). 
A) shrunken ventricles. 
B) bulging fontanels. 
C) retarded head growth. 
D) decreased production of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Question 13

Spina bifida occulta occurs in 10% to 25% of infants.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The form of cerebral palsy that results in gait disturbances and instability is:

Accepted Answer

A) spastic. 
B) dyskinetic. 
C) ataxic. 
D) biochemical. 
A) spastic. 
B) dyskinetic. 
C) ataxic. 
D) biochemical.

Question 15

Match the tumor name with its site of development.
-Originates from the pituitary or hypothalamus

Accepted Answer

A) Medulloblastoma 
B) Ependymoma 
C) Cerebellar astrocytoma 
D) Craniopharyngioma 
E) Neuroblastoma 
A) Medulloblastoma 
B) Ependymoma 
C) Cerebellar astrocytoma 
D) Craniopharyngioma 
E) Neuroblastoma

Question 16

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms.
-Obtundation, hyperventilation, decorticate rigidity

Accepted Answer

A) Reye syndrome, stage I 
B) Reye syndrome, stage II 
C) Reye syndrome, stage III 
D) Reye syndrome, stage IV 
E) Reye syndrome, stage V 
A) Reye syndrome, stage I 
B) Reye syndrome, stage II 
C) Reye syndrome, stage III 
D) Reye syndrome, stage IV 
E) Reye syndrome, stage V

Question 17

The occurrence of Reye syndrome has decreased as public awareness of the association between the ingestion of aspirin during illness and the subsequent development of Reye syndrome has increased.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Match the tumor name with its site of development.
-Develops in the fourth ventricle

Accepted Answer

A) Medulloblastoma 
B) Ependymoma 
C) Cerebellar astrocytoma 
D) Craniopharyngioma 
E) Neuroblastoma 
A) Medulloblastoma 
B) Ependymoma 
C) Cerebellar astrocytoma 
D) Craniopharyngioma 
E) Neuroblastoma

Question 19

Match the tumor name with its site of development.
-Develops in the vermis of the cerebellum and may extend to the fourth ventricle

Accepted Answer

A) Medulloblastoma 
B) Ependymoma 
C) Cerebellar astrocytoma 
D) Craniopharyngioma 
E) Neuroblastoma 
A) Medulloblastoma 
B) Ependymoma 
C) Cerebellar astrocytoma 
D) Craniopharyngioma 
E) Neuroblastoma

Question 20

_____ is a hernial protrusion of a sac-like cyst containing meninges, spinal fluid, and a portion of the spinal cord with its nerves through a defect in the posterior arch of a vertebra.

Accepted Answer

A) Encephalocele 
B) Meningocele 
C) Spina bifida occulta 
D) Myelomeningocele 
A) Encephalocele 
B) Meningocele 
C) Spina bifida occulta 
D) Myelomeningocele

Exam 19: Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

The life-threatening problems associated with myelomeningocele include:

The largest site for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in infants and children is the __________ system.

A _____ is the test done on amniotic fluid and maternal blood to test for neural tube defect.

_____ is an extreme form of anterior midline defect of neural tube closure.

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms. -Decerebrate rigidity, deepening coma, large fixed pupils

The clinical manifestations of dyskinetic cerebral palsy include:

Children with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy commonly have normal neurologic examinations, normal intelligence, and positive family history of seizures.

Although cerebral palsy is nonprogressive, its clinical manifestations change with growth and maturation of the child.

Benign febrile seizures are characterized by:

Match the tumor name with its site of development. -Causes unilateral symptoms such as nystagmus

Craniosynostosis is the premature closure of one or more of the cranial sutures during the first 6 months of the infant's life.

An infant with hydrocephalus has characteristically:

Spina bifida occulta occurs in 10% to 25% of infants.

The form of cerebral palsy that results in gait disturbances and instability is:

Match the tumor name with its site of development. -Originates from the pituitary or hypothalamus

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms. -Obtundation, hyperventilation, decorticate rigidity

The occurrence of Reye syndrome has decreased as public awareness of the association between the ingestion of aspirin during illness and the subsequent development of Reye syndrome has increased.

Match the tumor name with its site of development. -Develops in the fourth ventricle

Match the tumor name with its site of development. -Develops in the vermis of the cerebellum and may extend to the fourth ventricle

_____ is a hernial protrusion of a sac-like cyst containing meninges, spinal fluid, and a portion of the spinal cord with its nerves through a defect in the posterior arch of a vertebra.

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive System

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adult

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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