Question 1

Match the phrases with the corresponding terms.
-Hypersecretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Accepted Answer

A) Acromegaly 
B) Cushing disease 
C) Addison disease 
D) Graves disease 
E) Myxedema
F)Pheochromocytoma 
A) Acromegaly 
B) Cushing disease 
C) Addison disease 
D) Graves disease 
E) Myxedema
F)Pheochromocytoma

Question 2

The first lab test that indicates type 1 diabetes is causing the development of diabetic nephropathy is:

Accepted Answer

A) dipstick test for urine ketones. 
B) increase in serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). 
C) protein on urinalysis. 
D) cloudy urine on the urinalysis. 
A) dipstick test for urine ketones. 
B) increase in serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). 
C) protein on urinalysis. 
D) cloudy urine on the urinalysis.

Question 3

The most common cause of elevated levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion is:

Accepted Answer

A) ectopically produced ADH. 
B) inflammation of the hypothalamus. 
C) posterior pituitary tumor. 
D) inflammation of the nephrons. 
A) ectopically produced ADH. 
B) inflammation of the hypothalamus. 
C) posterior pituitary tumor. 
D) inflammation of the nephrons.

Question 4

Hyperpituitarism is generally caused by:

Accepted Answer

A) a pituitary adenoma. 
B) hypothalamic hyposecretion. 
C) autoimmune disorder of the pituitary. 
D) a neurohypophysial tumor. 
A) a pituitary adenoma. 
B) hypothalamic hyposecretion. 
C) autoimmune disorder of the pituitary. 
D) a neurohypophysial tumor.

Question 5

Retinopathy develops in patients with diabetes mellitus because:

Accepted Answer

A) there are plaques of lipids within the retinal vessels. 
B) of an increased pressure within the retinal vessels from the increased osmotic pressure. 
C) ketones cause microaneurysms within the retinal vessels. 
D) of retinal ischemia and red blood cell aggregation. 
A) there are plaques of lipids within the retinal vessels. 
B) of an increased pressure within the retinal vessels from the increased osmotic pressure. 
C) ketones cause microaneurysms within the retinal vessels. 
D) of retinal ischemia and red blood cell aggregation.

Question 6

A deficiency of which of the following may result in hypothyroidism?

Accepted Answer

A) Iron 
B) Iodine 
C) Zinc 
D) Magnesium 
A) Iron 
B) Iodine 
C) Zinc 
D) Magnesium

Question 7

The most probable cause of low serum calcium following a thyroidectomy is:

Accepted Answer

A) hyperparathyroidism secondary to Graves disease. 
B) myxedema secondary to surgery. 
C) hypoparathyroidism caused by surgical injury. 
D) hypothyroidism caused by lack of thyroid replacement. 
A) hyperparathyroidism secondary to Graves disease. 
B) myxedema secondary to surgery. 
C) hypoparathyroidism caused by surgical injury. 
D) hypothyroidism caused by lack of thyroid replacement.

Question 8

Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus have a greater degree of pancreatic changes than individuals with type 1 diabetes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Giantism occurs only in children and adolescents.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Which disorder is caused by hypersecretion of the growth hormone (GH) in adults?

Accepted Answer

A) Cushing syndrome 
B) Acromegaly 
C) Giantism 
D) Myxedema 
A) Cushing syndrome 
B) Acromegaly 
C) Giantism 
D) Myxedema

Question 11

The cause of neurogenic diabetes insipidus (DI) is related to an organic lesion of the:

Accepted Answer

A) anterior pituitary. 
B) thalamus. 
C) posterior pituitary. 
D) renal tubules. 
A) anterior pituitary. 
B) thalamus. 
C) posterior pituitary. 
D) renal tubules.

Question 12

Diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone all exhibit which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

A) Polyuria 
B) Edema 
C) Vomiting 
D) Thirst 
A) Polyuria 
B) Edema 
C) Vomiting 
D) Thirst

Question 13

A person with type 1 diabetes experiences hunger, lightheadedness, tachycardia, pallor, headache, and confusion.The most probable cause of these symptoms is:

Accepted Answer

A) hyperglycemia caused by incorrect insulin administration. 
B) fawn phenomenon from eating a snack before bedtime. 
C) hypoglycemia caused by increased exercise. 
D) Somogyi effect from insulin sensitivity. 
A) hyperglycemia caused by incorrect insulin administration. 
B) fawn phenomenon from eating a snack before bedtime. 
C) hypoglycemia caused by increased exercise. 
D) Somogyi effect from insulin sensitivity.

Question 14

Diagnosing a thyroid carcinoma is best done with:

Accepted Answer

A) measurement of serum thyroid levels. 
B) radioisotope scanning. 
C) ultrasonography. 
D) fine-needle aspiration biopsy. 
A) measurement of serum thyroid levels. 
B) radioisotope scanning. 
C) ultrasonography. 
D) fine-needle aspiration biopsy.

Question 15

Giantism only occurs in children and adolescents because their:

Accepted Answer

A) growth hormones are still diminished. 
B) epiphyseal plates have not yet closed. 
C) skeletal muscles are not yet fully developed. 
D) metabolic rates are higher than in adulthood. 
A) growth hormones are still diminished. 
B) epiphyseal plates have not yet closed. 
C) skeletal muscles are not yet fully developed. 
D) metabolic rates are higher than in adulthood.

Question 16

Patients with diabetes mellitus develop hyperlipidemia because of:

Accepted Answer

A) increases in both low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) and triglycerides (TGs). 
B) decreased low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) and increased triglycerides (TGs). 
C) decreased low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) and increased high-density lipoproteins (HDLs). 
D) increased high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) and decreased triglycerides (TGs). 
A) increases in both low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) and triglycerides (TGs). 
B) decreased low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) and increased triglycerides (TGs). 
C) decreased low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) and increased high-density lipoproteins (HDLs). 
D) increased high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) and decreased triglycerides (TGs).

Question 17

What are clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism?

Accepted Answer

A) Intolerance to heat, tachycardia, and weight loss 
B) Oligomenorrhea, fatigue, and warm skin 
C) Restlessness, increased appetite, and metrorrhagia 
D) Constipation, decreased heat rate, and lethargy 
A) Intolerance to heat, tachycardia, and weight loss 
B) Oligomenorrhea, fatigue, and warm skin 
C) Restlessness, increased appetite, and metrorrhagia 
D) Constipation, decreased heat rate, and lethargy

Question 18

Palpation of the neck of a person with Graves disease would detect a thyroid that is:

Accepted Answer

A) left of midline. 
B) small with discrete nodules. 
C) normal in size. 
D) enlarged diffusely. 
A) left of midline. 
B) small with discrete nodules. 
C) normal in size. 
D) enlarged diffusely.

Question 19

Match the phrases with the corresponding terms.
-Hypersecretion of growth hormone (GH)

Accepted Answer

A) Acromegaly 
B) Cushing disease 
C) Addison disease 
D) Graves disease 
E) Myxedema
F)Pheochromocytoma 
A) Acromegaly 
B) Cushing disease 
C) Addison disease 
D) Graves disease 
E) Myxedema
F)Pheochromocytoma

Question 20

Myxedema coma is caused by severe hypoparathyroidism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 21: Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Match the phrases with the corresponding terms. -Hypersecretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

The first lab test that indicates type 1 diabetes is causing the development of diabetic nephropathy is:

The most common cause of elevated levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion is:

Hyperpituitarism is generally caused by:

Retinopathy develops in patients with diabetes mellitus because:

A deficiency of which of the following may result in hypothyroidism?

The most probable cause of low serum calcium following a thyroidectomy is:

Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus have a greater degree of pancreatic changes than individuals with type 1 diabetes.

Giantism occurs only in children and adolescents.

Which disorder is caused by hypersecretion of the growth hormone (GH) in adults?

The cause of neurogenic diabetes insipidus (DI) is related to an organic lesion of the:

Diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone all exhibit which of the following symptoms?

A person with type 1 diabetes experiences hunger, lightheadedness, tachycardia, pallor, headache, and confusion.The most probable cause of these symptoms is:

Diagnosing a thyroid carcinoma is best done with:

Giantism only occurs in children and adolescents because their:

Patients with diabetes mellitus develop hyperlipidemia because of:

What are clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism?

Palpation of the neck of a person with Graves disease would detect a thyroid that is:

Match the phrases with the corresponding terms. -Hypersecretion of growth hormone (GH)

Myxedema coma is caused by severe hypoparathyroidism.

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive System

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adult

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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