Question 1

Match the phrases with the corresponding terms.
-Hyposecretion of adrenal cortex hormones

Accepted Answer

A) Acromegaly 
B) Cushing disease 
C) Addison disease 
D) Graves disease 
E) Myxedema
F)Pheochromocytoma 
A) Acromegaly 
B) Cushing disease 
C) Addison disease 
D) Graves disease 
E) Myxedema
F)Pheochromocytoma

Question 2

Which of the following clinical manifestations is not common to both diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome (HHNKS)?

Accepted Answer

A) Fluid loss 
B) Glycosuria 
C) Increased serum glucose 
D) Kussmaul respirations 
A) Fluid loss 
B) Glycosuria 
C) Increased serum glucose 
D) Kussmaul respirations

Question 3

The level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in Graves disease is usually:

Accepted Answer

A) high. 
B) low. 
C) normal. 
D) in constant flux. 
A) high. 
B) low. 
C) normal. 
D) in constant flux.

Question 4

Match the phrases with the corresponding terms.
-Hyposecretion of thyroid hormone (TH)

Accepted Answer

A) Acromegaly 
B) Cushing disease 
C) Addison disease 
D) Graves disease 
E) Myxedema
F)Pheochromocytoma 
A) Acromegaly 
B) Cushing disease 
C) Addison disease 
D) Graves disease 
E) Myxedema
F)Pheochromocytoma

Question 5

A chronic complication of diabetes mellitus is likely to result in microvascular complications in which of the following areas?

Accepted Answer

A) Eyes 
B) Coronary arteries 
C) Renal system 
D) Peripheral vascular system 
E) Nerves 
A) Eyes 
B) Coronary arteries 
C) Renal system 
D) Peripheral vascular system 
E) Nerves

Question 6

If the target cells for antidiuretic hormone (ADH) do not have receptors, the result is which type of diabetes insipidus (DI)?

Accepted Answer

A) Neurogenic 
B) Nephrogenic 
C) Psychogenic 
D) Ischemic 
A) Neurogenic 
B) Nephrogenic 
C) Psychogenic 
D) Ischemic

Question 7

Diabetes insipidus is caused by insufficient secretion of insulin.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The most common cause of hypoparathyroidism is:

Accepted Answer

A) pituitary hyposecretion. 
B) parathyroid adenoma. 
C) parathyroid gland damage. 
D) autoimmune parathyroid disease. 
A) pituitary hyposecretion. 
B) parathyroid adenoma. 
C) parathyroid gland damage. 
D) autoimmune parathyroid disease.

Question 9

A primary adenoma causes thyroid and adrenal hypofunction because the tumor:

Accepted Answer

A) metastasizes to the thyroid and adrenal glands through the lymphatic system causing reduced secretion of necessary hormones. 
B) has a paradoxical effect on adjacent cells, which results in hyposecretion of other anterior pituitary hormones. 
C) invades the hypothalamus adjacent to it and causes a reduction in the amount of hormones produced. 
D) releases tumor markers that occupy the hormone receptor sites of other endocrine organs. 
A) metastasizes to the thyroid and adrenal glands through the lymphatic system causing reduced secretion of necessary hormones. 
B) has a paradoxical effect on adjacent cells, which results in hyposecretion of other anterior pituitary hormones. 
C) invades the hypothalamus adjacent to it and causes a reduction in the amount of hormones produced. 
D) releases tumor markers that occupy the hormone receptor sites of other endocrine organs.

Question 10

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is characterized by increased levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Pituitary adenomas are malignant tumors.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is more common than type 1.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Match the phrases with the corresponding terms.
-Hypersecretion of thyroid hormone (TH)

Accepted Answer

A) Acromegaly 
B) Cushing disease 
C) Addison disease 
D) Graves disease 
E) Myxedema
F)Pheochromocytoma 
A) Acromegaly 
B) Cushing disease 
C) Addison disease 
D) Graves disease 
E) Myxedema
F)Pheochromocytoma

Question 14

A person with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) usually craves fluids.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

A man with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) has the following laboratory values: arterial pH 7.20; serum glucose 500 mg/dl; urine glucose and ketones positive; serum K⁺ 2 mEq/L; serum Na⁺ 130 mEq/L.He reports that he has been sick with the "flu" for 1 week.What relationship do these values have to his insulin deficiency?

Accepted Answer

A) Increased glucose use causes the shift of fluid from the intravascular to the intracellular space. 
B) Decreased glucose use causes fatty acid use, ketogenesis, metabolic acidosis, and osmotic diuresis. 
C) Increased glucose and fatty acids stimulate renal diuresis, electrolyte loss, and metabolic alkalosis. 
D) Decreased glucose use results in protein catabolism, tissue wasting, respiratory acidosis, and electrolyte loss. 
A) Increased glucose use causes the shift of fluid from the intravascular to the intracellular space. 
B) Decreased glucose use causes fatty acid use, ketogenesis, metabolic acidosis, and osmotic diuresis. 
C) Increased glucose and fatty acids stimulate renal diuresis, electrolyte loss, and metabolic alkalosis. 
D) Decreased glucose use results in protein catabolism, tissue wasting, respiratory acidosis, and electrolyte loss.

Question 16

Polyuria occurs with diabetes mellitus because of:

Accepted Answer

A) the formation of ketones. 
B) chronic insulin resistance. 
C) an elevation in serum glucose. 
D) an increase in antidiuretic hormone. 
A) the formation of ketones. 
B) chronic insulin resistance. 
C) an elevation in serum glucose. 
D) an increase in antidiuretic hormone.

Question 17

What causes the microvascular complications of clients with diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

A) The capillaries contain plaques of lipids that obstruct blood flow. 
B) There is increased pressure within capillaries as a result of the elevated glucose attracting water. 
C) The capillary basement membranes thicken and there is endothelial cell hyperplasia. 
D) Fibrous plaques form from the proliferation of subendothelial smooth muscle of arteries. 
A) The capillaries contain plaques of lipids that obstruct blood flow. 
B) There is increased pressure within capillaries as a result of the elevated glucose attracting water. 
C) The capillary basement membranes thicken and there is endothelial cell hyperplasia. 
D) Fibrous plaques form from the proliferation of subendothelial smooth muscle of arteries.

Question 18

A man with a closed head injury has a urine output of 6 to 8 L/day.Electrolytes are within normal limits but his antidiuretic hormone (ADH) level is low.Although he has had no intake for 4 hours, there is no change in his polyuria.These are indications of:

Accepted Answer

A) neurogenic diabetes insipidus. 
B) syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). 
C) psychogenic polydipsia. 
D) osmotically induced diuresis. 
A) neurogenic diabetes insipidus. 
B) syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). 
C) psychogenic polydipsia. 
D) osmotically induced diuresis.

Question 19

The signs of thyroid crisis resulting from Graves disease include:

Accepted Answer

A) constipation with gastric distention. 
B) bradycardia and bradypnea. 
C) hyperthermia and tachycardia. 
D) constipation and lethargy. 
A) constipation with gastric distention. 
B) bradycardia and bradypnea. 
C) hyperthermia and tachycardia. 
D) constipation and lethargy.

Question 20

The effects of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) include solute:

Accepted Answer

A) retention and water retention. 
B) retention and water loss. 
C) dilution and water retention. 
D) dilution and water loss. 
A) retention and water retention. 
B) retention and water loss. 
C) dilution and water retention. 
D) dilution and water loss.

Exam 21: Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Match the phrases with the corresponding terms. -Hyposecretion of adrenal cortex hormones

Which of the following clinical manifestations is not common to both diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome (HHNKS)?

The level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in Graves disease is usually:

Match the phrases with the corresponding terms. -Hyposecretion of thyroid hormone (TH)

A chronic complication of diabetes mellitus is likely to result in microvascular complications in which of the following areas?

If the target cells for antidiuretic hormone (ADH) do not have receptors, the result is which type of diabetes insipidus (DI)?

Diabetes insipidus is caused by insufficient secretion of insulin.

The most common cause of hypoparathyroidism is:

A primary adenoma causes thyroid and adrenal hypofunction because the tumor:

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is characterized by increased levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

Pituitary adenomas are malignant tumors.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is more common than type 1.

Match the phrases with the corresponding terms. -Hypersecretion of thyroid hormone (TH)

A person with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) usually craves fluids.

Polyuria occurs with diabetes mellitus because of:

What causes the microvascular complications of clients with diabetes mellitus?

A man with a closed head injury has a urine output of 6 to 8 L/day.Electrolytes are within normal limits but his antidiuretic hormone (ADH) level is low.Although he has had no intake for 4 hours, there is no change in his polyuria.These are indications of:

The signs of thyroid crisis resulting from Graves disease include:

The effects of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) include solute:

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive System

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adult

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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