Question 1

What is an indication that the carrier molecule for glucose is saturated?

Accepted Answer

A) Hyperglycemia 
B) Glucosuria 
C) Polyuria 
D) Proteinuria 
A) Hyperglycemia 
B) Glucosuria 
C) Polyuria 
D) Proteinuria

Question 2

Which cells have contractile and phagocytic properties similar to monocytes and produce vasoactive substances that influence the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

Accepted Answer

A) Principle cells 
B) Podocin cells 
C) Mesangial cells 
D) Intercalated cells 
A) Principle cells 
B) Podocin cells 
C) Mesangial cells 
D) Intercalated cells

Question 3

Peristalsis of ureters is maintained even when the ureter is denervated, so ureters can be transplanted.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Which of the following is found in older adults?

Accepted Answer

A) A sharp decline in GFR and no change in renal blood flow 
B) A sharp decline in renal blood flow and in GFR 
C) A decrease in the number of nephrons 
D) An increase in GFR leading to increased urine output 
A) A sharp decline in GFR and no change in renal blood flow 
B) A sharp decline in renal blood flow and in GFR 
C) A decrease in the number of nephrons 
D) An increase in GFR leading to increased urine output

Question 5

_____ is a hormone synthesized and secreted by the kidneys.

Accepted Answer

A) Antidiuretic hormone 
B) Aldosterone 
C) Erythropoietin 
D) Angiotensinogen 
A) Antidiuretic hormone 
B) Aldosterone 
C) Erythropoietin 
D) Angiotensinogen

Question 6

What force(s) creates passive transport of water in the proximal tubule?

Accepted Answer

A) Peritubular capillary hydrostatic pressure 
B) Peritubular capillary oncotic and osmotic pressures 
C) Interstitial hydrostatic pressure 
D) Interstitial oncotic and osmotic pressures 
A) Peritubular capillary hydrostatic pressure 
B) Peritubular capillary oncotic and osmotic pressures 
C) Interstitial hydrostatic pressure 
D) Interstitial oncotic and osmotic pressures

Question 7

Which glucoprotein protects against urolithiasis and is a ligand for lymphokines?

Accepted Answer

A) Uromodulin 
B) Nephrin 
C) Urodilatin 
D) Cystatin 
A) Uromodulin 
B) Nephrin 
C) Urodilatin 
D) Cystatin

Question 8

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms.
-Erythrocytes

Accepted Answer

A) Good estimate of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 
B) Form in concentrated acidic or alkaline urine 
C) Cylindric with distinct borders 
D) Hematuria 
E) Pyuria 
A) Good estimate of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 
B) Form in concentrated acidic or alkaline urine 
C) Cylindric with distinct borders 
D) Hematuria 
E) Pyuria

Question 9

What part of the kidney controls renal blood flow, glomerular filtration, and renin secretion?

Accepted Answer

A) Macula densa 
B) Visceral epithelium 
C) Juxtaglomerular apparatus 
D) Filtration slits 
A) Macula densa 
B) Visceral epithelium 
C) Juxtaglomerular apparatus 
D) Filtration slits

Question 10

On average, the kidneys receive approximately ____% to ____% of the cardiac output.

Accepted Answer

A) 10; 20 
B) 15; 20 
C) 20; 25 
D) 30; 35 
A) 10; 20 
B) 15; 20 
C) 20; 25 
D) 30; 35

Question 11

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms.
-Leukocytes

Accepted Answer

A) Good estimate of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 
B) Form in concentrated acidic or alkaline urine 
C) Cylindric with distinct borders 
D) Hematuria 
E) Pyuria 
A) Good estimate of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 
B) Form in concentrated acidic or alkaline urine 
C) Cylindric with distinct borders 
D) Hematuria 
E) Pyuria

Question 12

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms.
-Casts

Accepted Answer

A) Good estimate of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 
B) Form in concentrated acidic or alkaline urine 
C) Cylindric with distinct borders 
D) Hematuria 
E) Pyuria 
A) Good estimate of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 
B) Form in concentrated acidic or alkaline urine 
C) Cylindric with distinct borders 
D) Hematuria 
E) Pyuria

Question 13

Blood vessels of the kidneys are innervated by the:

Accepted Answer

A) vagus nerve. 
B) sympathetic nervous system. 
C) somatic nervous system. 
D) parasympathetic nervous system. 
A) vagus nerve. 
B) sympathetic nervous system. 
C) somatic nervous system. 
D) parasympathetic nervous system.

Question 14

An action of renin is the:

Accepted Answer

A) inactivation of autoregulation. 
B) direct activation of angiotensin II. 
C) direct release of ADH. 
D) activation of angiotensin I. 
A) inactivation of autoregulation. 
B) direct activation of angiotensin II. 
C) direct release of ADH. 
D) activation of angiotensin I.

Question 15

All of the following are part of the nephron except the:

Accepted Answer

A) loop of Henle. 
B) renal corpuscle. 
C) proximal convoluted tubule. 
D) calyx. 
A) loop of Henle. 
B) renal corpuscle. 
C) proximal convoluted tubule. 
D) calyx.

Question 16

The left kidney is slightly lower than the right due to the location of the liver.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms.
-Creatinine clearance

Accepted Answer

A) Good estimate of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 
B) Form in concentrated acidic or alkaline urine 
C) Cylindric with distinct borders 
D) Hematuria 
E) Pyuria 
A) Good estimate of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 
B) Form in concentrated acidic or alkaline urine 
C) Cylindric with distinct borders 
D) Hematuria 
E) Pyuria

Question 18

The _____ is the functional unit of the kidney.

Accepted Answer

A) glomerulus 
B) nephron 
C) collecting duct 
D) pyramid 
A) glomerulus 
B) nephron 
C) collecting duct 
D) pyramid

Question 19

While afferent and efferent arterioles are richly innervated, nerves have not been observed in the glomerular capillaries.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Kidney stones in the upper part of the ureter would produce pain referred to the:

Accepted Answer

A) vulva or penis. 
B) umbilicus. 
C) thighs. 
D) lower abdomen. 
A) vulva or penis. 
B) umbilicus. 
C) thighs. 
D) lower abdomen.

Exam 35: Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

What is an indication that the carrier molecule for glucose is saturated?

Which cells have contractile and phagocytic properties similar to monocytes and produce vasoactive substances that influence the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

Peristalsis of ureters is maintained even when the ureter is denervated, so ureters can be transplanted.

Which of the following is found in older adults?

_____ is a hormone synthesized and secreted by the kidneys.

What force(s) creates passive transport of water in the proximal tubule?

Which glucoprotein protects against urolithiasis and is a ligand for lymphokines?

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms. -Erythrocytes

What part of the kidney controls renal blood flow, glomerular filtration, and renin secretion?

On average, the kidneys receive approximately ____% to ____% of the cardiac output.

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms. -Leukocytes

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms. -Casts

Blood vessels of the kidneys are innervated by the:

An action of renin is the:

All of the following are part of the nephron except the:

The left kidney is slightly lower than the right due to the location of the liver.

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms. -Creatinine clearance

The _____ is the functional unit of the kidney.

While afferent and efferent arterioles are richly innervated, nerves have not been observed in the glomerular capillaries.

Kidney stones in the upper part of the ureter would produce pain referred to the:

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive System

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adult

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

Filters

On average, the kidneys receive approximately % to % of the cardiac output.