Question 1

Which tubule is the only surface inside the nephron where cells are covered with microvilli to increase the reabsorptive surface area?

Accepted Answer

A) Proximal tubules 
B) Distal tubules 
C) Ascending loop of Henle 
D) Descending loop of Henle 
A) Proximal tubules 
B) Distal tubules 
C) Ascending loop of Henle 
D) Descending loop of Henle

Question 2

The concentration of the final urine is determined by antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which is secreted by the:

Accepted Answer

A) posterior pituitary. 
B) right atrium. 
C) left atrium. 
D) anterior pituitary. 
A) posterior pituitary. 
B) right atrium. 
C) left atrium. 
D) anterior pituitary.

Question 3

The area of the kidneys that contains the glomeruli of the nephrons is the:

Accepted Answer

A) medulla. 
B) cortex. 
C) pyramids. 
D) columns. 
A) medulla. 
B) cortex. 
C) pyramids. 
D) columns.

Question 4

A ring of smooth muscle, the ureteral sphincter, surrounds the ureters where they enter the urinary bladder.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The end product of protein metabolism excreted in urine is:

Accepted Answer

A) Glucose 
B) Ketones 
C) Bile 
D) Urea 
A) Glucose 
B) Ketones 
C) Bile 
D) Urea

Question 6

What stimulates the renal hydroxylation step to produce vitamin D?

Accepted Answer

A) Erythropoietin 
B) Thyroid hormone 
C) Calcitonin 
D) Parathyroid hormone 
A) Erythropoietin 
B) Thyroid hormone 
C) Calcitonin 
D) Parathyroid hormone

Question 7

What is the direct action of atrial natriuretic hormone?

Accepted Answer

A) Retain sodium 
B) Excrete sodium 
C) Retain water 
D) Excrete water 
A) Retain sodium 
B) Excrete sodium 
C) Retain water 
D) Excrete water

Question 8

The kidney has endocrine functions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The arcuate arteries branch to form the interlobar arteries at the cortical medullary junction.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms.
-Crystals

Accepted Answer

A) Good estimate of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 
B) Form in concentrated acidic or alkaline urine 
C) Cylindric with distinct borders 
D) Hematuria 
E) Pyuria 
A) Good estimate of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 
B) Form in concentrated acidic or alkaline urine 
C) Cylindric with distinct borders 
D) Hematuria 
E) Pyuria

Question 11

How much urine accumulates in the bladder before the mechanoreceptors sense bladder fullness?

Accepted Answer

A) 75 to 100 ml 
B) 100 to 150 ml 
C) 250 to 300 ml 
D) 350 to 400 ml 
A) 75 to 100 ml 
B) 100 to 150 ml 
C) 250 to 300 ml 
D) 350 to 400 ml

Exam 35: Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Which tubule is the only surface inside the nephron where cells are covered with microvilli to increase the reabsorptive surface area?

The concentration of the final urine is determined by antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which is secreted by the:

The area of the kidneys that contains the glomeruli of the nephrons is the:

A ring of smooth muscle, the ureteral sphincter, surrounds the ureters where they enter the urinary bladder.

The end product of protein metabolism excreted in urine is:

What stimulates the renal hydroxylation step to produce vitamin D?

What is the direct action of atrial natriuretic hormone?

The kidney has endocrine functions.

The arcuate arteries branch to form the interlobar arteries at the cortical medullary junction.

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms. -Crystals

How much urine accumulates in the bladder before the mechanoreceptors sense bladder fullness?

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive System

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adult

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

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