Question 1

To what does the 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules,typical of cilia and eukaryotic flagella,refer?

Accepted Answer

A) the arrangement of dynein arms with respect to each microtubule 
B) the arrangement of microtubules within the axoneme 
C) the length of the structures 
D) the relationship between the basal body and the axoneme 
A) the arrangement of dynein arms with respect to each microtubule 
B) the arrangement of microtubules within the axoneme 
C) the length of the structures 
D) the relationship between the basal body and the axoneme B

Question 2

How is the structure of kinesin related to its function?

Accepted Answer

A) Kinesin has two intertwined polypeptides that make up the stalk and enable it to contract and shorten. 
B) Kinesin has a tail region that binds to vesicles and two heads that can attach to microtubules. 
C) The kinesin tail has an ATP binding site to fuel its activities. 
D) Kinesin has two heads to attach to the vesicle being moved,and a tail region that attaches to microtubules. 
A) Kinesin has two intertwined polypeptides that make up the stalk and enable it to contract and shorten. 
B) Kinesin has a tail region that binds to vesicles and two heads that can attach to microtubules. 
C) The kinesin tail has an ATP binding site to fuel its activities. 
D) Kinesin has two heads to attach to the vesicle being moved,and a tail region that attaches to microtubules. B

Question 3

Mitochondrial DNA codes for about 13 proteins (depending on the species of organism).These 13 proteins account for a small proportion of the proteins present in mitochondria.The remaining proteins are coded for by nuclear DNA.What is the most likely explanation for how these proteins find their way to the mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

A) signal sequences 
B) random transport vesicles 
C) attachment of ribosomes to outer mitochondrial pores and direct deposition into the inner mitochondrial compartment 
D) mRNAs that are manufactured in the nucleus,but translated by mitochondrial ribosomes 
A) signal sequences 
B) random transport vesicles 
C) attachment of ribosomes to outer mitochondrial pores and direct deposition into the inner mitochondrial compartment 
D) mRNAs that are manufactured in the nucleus,but translated by mitochondrial ribosomes A

Question 4

Which of the following cytoskeletal proteins are important in changing cell shape or location (any type of cell movement)?

Accepted Answer

A) Microfilaments are the only cytoskeletal proteins important in cell movement. 
B) Microfilaments and myosin are among the cytoskeletal proteins important in cell movement. 
C) Microfilaments,microtubules,and intermediate filaments are equally important in cell movement. 
D) Intermediate filaments are the only cytoskeletal proteins important in cell movement. 
A) Microfilaments are the only cytoskeletal proteins important in cell movement. 
B) Microfilaments and myosin are among the cytoskeletal proteins important in cell movement. 
C) Microfilaments,microtubules,and intermediate filaments are equally important in cell movement. 
D) Intermediate filaments are the only cytoskeletal proteins important in cell movement.

Question 5

Asbestos is a material that was once used extensively in construction.One risk from working in a building that contains asbestos is the development of asbestosis.The asbestos fibers can be inhaled.Cells will phagocytose the foreign material but are unable to degrade it.As a result,asbestos fibers build up in which of the following intracellular organelles?

Accepted Answer

A) mitochondria 
B) nucleus 
C) peroxisomes 
D) lysosomes 
A) mitochondria 
B) nucleus 
C) peroxisomes 
D) lysosomes

Question 6

What is the function of keratin,an important intermediate filament?

Accepted Answer

A) imparts impermeability to the skin and the ability to withstand mechanical stress 
B) reinforces moveable joints 
C) enables the heart to contract as a unit 
D) provides nutrients to neural cells of the brain and spinal cord 
A) imparts impermeability to the skin and the ability to withstand mechanical stress 
B) reinforces moveable joints 
C) enables the heart to contract as a unit 
D) provides nutrients to neural cells of the brain and spinal cord

Question 7

What is the function of the nuclear pore complex?

Accepted Answer

A) It regulates movement of materials across the nuclear envelope. 
B) It assembles ribosomes from raw materials that are synthesized in the nucleus. 
C) It synthesizes components of the endomembrane system. 
D) It synthesizes and repairs DNA. 
A) It regulates movement of materials across the nuclear envelope. 
B) It assembles ribosomes from raw materials that are synthesized in the nucleus. 
C) It synthesizes components of the endomembrane system. 
D) It synthesizes and repairs DNA.

Question 8

Which of the following organelles contains receptors for the products of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

A) the smooth endoplasmic reticulum 
B) the lysosomes 
C) the mitochondria 
D) the peroxisomes 
A) the smooth endoplasmic reticulum 
B) the lysosomes 
C) the mitochondria 
D) the peroxisomes

Question 9

Motor proteins require energy in the form of ATP.ATP hydrolysis results in a conformational change that allows the protein to move along microtubular tracks (pathways).What structural component of the motor protein contains the ATP binding site and,therefore,changes shape to enable movement?

Accepted Answer

A) the portion of the molecule that binds to the vesicle being transported 
B) the stalk 
C) the portion of the molecule that binds to the microtubular track along which the vesicle is being transported 
D) a location midway between the vesicle binding site and the portion of the molecule that binds to microtubular tracks 
A) the portion of the molecule that binds to the vesicle being transported 
B) the stalk 
C) the portion of the molecule that binds to the microtubular track along which the vesicle is being transported 
D) a location midway between the vesicle binding site and the portion of the molecule that binds to microtubular tracks

Question 10

Which of the following organelles is involved in the oxidation of fatty acids or ethanol?

Accepted Answer

A) Golgi apparatus 
B) Peroxisomes 
C) Mitochondria 
D) Rough endoplasmic reticulum 
A) Golgi apparatus 
B) Peroxisomes 
C) Mitochondria 
D) Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 11

One function of peroxisomes is alcohol detoxification.In which of the following locations would you expect to find large quantities of peroxisomes?

Accepted Answer

A) in liver tissue of people who drink large quantities of alcohol 
B) in the stomach of people who drink large quantities of alcohol 
C) in liver tissue of people who consume high-fat diets 
D) in heart muscle of all people 
A) in liver tissue of people who drink large quantities of alcohol 
B) in the stomach of people who drink large quantities of alcohol 
C) in liver tissue of people who consume high-fat diets 
D) in heart muscle of all people

Question 12

What can you infer about high-molecular-weight proteins that cannot be transported into the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

A) They are foreign proteins. 
B) They lack nuclear localization signals (NLS). 
C) They are defective proteins. 
D) They have been tagged for destruction. 
A) They are foreign proteins. 
B) They lack nuclear localization signals (NLS). 
C) They are defective proteins. 
D) They have been tagged for destruction.

Question 13

Actin filaments have polarity.This means that the two ends can be identified due to structural differences.The plus end is the end to which subunits are added more rapidly or the end of polymerization.Which of the following would enable you to identify the plus end of actin filaments?

Accepted Answer

A) Add radio labeled actin subunits to a mixture of actin filaments in which conditions are favorable for polymerization. 
B) Add radiolabeled actin subunits to a mixture of actin filaments in which conditions favor depolymerization. 
C) Determine the ionic charge of the ends of the actin filaments. 
A) Add radio labeled actin subunits to a mixture of actin filaments in which conditions are favorable for polymerization. 
B) Add radiolabeled actin subunits to a mixture of actin filaments in which conditions favor depolymerization. 
C) Determine the ionic charge of the ends of the actin filaments.

Question 14

You are studying an organism and note that its proteins fail to be glycosylated.A deficiency in which of the following organelles is likely the cause?

Accepted Answer

A) Golgi apparatus 
B) Peroxisomes 
C) Mitochondria 
D) Rough endoplasmic reticulum 
A) Golgi apparatus 
B) Peroxisomes 
C) Mitochondria 
D) Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 15

Amoeba move by crawling over a surface (amoeboid movement).Which one of the following processes is part of amoeboid movement?

Accepted Answer

A) polymerization or extension of actin filaments to form bulges in the plasma membrane 
B) setting up microtubule extensions that vesicles can follow in the movement of cytoplasm 
C) reinforcing the pseudopod with intermediate filaments 
A) polymerization or extension of actin filaments to form bulges in the plasma membrane 
B) setting up microtubule extensions that vesicles can follow in the movement of cytoplasm 
C) reinforcing the pseudopod with intermediate filaments

Question 16

Which of the following is a basic structural difference between plant cells and animal cells?

Accepted Answer

A) Plant cells contain chloroplasts,but animal cells do not. 
B) Animal cells contain lysosomes,but plant cells do not. 
C) Plants have cell walls,and animal cells do not. 
D) The cell wall plays a major role in determining plant cell shape,but the cytoskeleton plays a major role in determining animal cell shape. 
E) All of the above apply. 
A) Plant cells contain chloroplasts,but animal cells do not. 
B) Animal cells contain lysosomes,but plant cells do not. 
C) Plants have cell walls,and animal cells do not. 
D) The cell wall plays a major role in determining plant cell shape,but the cytoskeleton plays a major role in determining animal cell shape. 
E) All of the above apply.

Question 17

Why are lysosomes considered part of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

A) They deposit end-products of digestion in the endoplasmic reticulum. 
B) They facilitate movement between stacks of the Golgi. 
C) They are formed from products synthesized by the endoplasmic reticulum and processed by the Golgi. 
D) Lysosomes are not part of the endomembrane system. 
A) They deposit end-products of digestion in the endoplasmic reticulum. 
B) They facilitate movement between stacks of the Golgi. 
C) They are formed from products synthesized by the endoplasmic reticulum and processed by the Golgi. 
D) Lysosomes are not part of the endomembrane system.

Question 18

As part of our immune system,neutrophil cells engulf micro-organisms or foreign particles.The process by which the neutrophil does this is known as

Accepted Answer

A) exocytosis. 
B) pinocytosis. 
C) phagocytosis. 
D) receptor-mediated endocytosis. 
A) exocytosis. 
B) pinocytosis. 
C) phagocytosis. 
D) receptor-mediated endocytosis.

Question 19

Eukaryotic cells manufacture cytoskeletal proteins that help to maintain the cells' shapes and functions.What would you predict about these proteins?

Accepted Answer

A) They would initially contain signal sequences that would allow their entrance into the endoplasmic reticulum. 
B) They would be manufactured on free ribosomes in the cytoplasm. 
C) They would be glycosylated in the Golgi apparatus. 
D) They might travel to the nucleus in a transport vesicle with a specific zip code. 
A) They would initially contain signal sequences that would allow their entrance into the endoplasmic reticulum. 
B) They would be manufactured on free ribosomes in the cytoplasm. 
C) They would be glycosylated in the Golgi apparatus. 
D) They might travel to the nucleus in a transport vesicle with a specific zip code.

Question 20

What is the most likely role of a cell that contains an extensive smooth ER?

Accepted Answer

A) It plays a role in storage. 
B) It synthesizes large quantities of lipids. 
C) It actively exports protein molecules. 
D) It plays a role in immune function. 
A) It plays a role in storage. 
B) It synthesizes large quantities of lipids. 
C) It actively exports protein molecules. 
D) It plays a role in immune function.

Exam 7: Inside the Cell

To what does the 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules,typical of cilia and eukaryotic flagella,refer?

How is the structure of kinesin related to its function?

Which of the following cytoskeletal proteins are important in changing cell shape or location (any type of cell movement)?

What is the function of keratin,an important intermediate filament?

What is the function of the nuclear pore complex?

Which of the following organelles contains receptors for the products of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Motor proteins require energy in the form of ATP.ATP hydrolysis results in a conformational change that allows the protein to move along microtubular tracks (pathways).What structural component of the motor protein contains the ATP binding site and,therefore,changes shape to enable movement?

Which of the following organelles is involved in the oxidation of fatty acids or ethanol?

One function of peroxisomes is alcohol detoxification.In which of the following locations would you expect to find large quantities of peroxisomes?

What can you infer about high-molecular-weight proteins that cannot be transported into the nucleus?

Actin filaments have polarity.This means that the two ends can be identified due to structural differences.The plus end is the end to which subunits are added more rapidly or the end of polymerization.Which of the following would enable you to identify the plus end of actin filaments?

You are studying an organism and note that its proteins fail to be glycosylated.A deficiency in which of the following organelles is likely the cause?

Amoeba move by crawling over a surface (amoeboid movement).Which one of the following processes is part of amoeboid movement?

Which of the following is a basic structural difference between plant cells and animal cells?

Why are lysosomes considered part of the endomembrane system?

As part of our immune system,neutrophil cells engulf micro-organisms or foreign particles.The process by which the neutrophil does this is known as

Eukaryotic cells manufacture cytoskeletal proteins that help to maintain the cells' shapes and functions.What would you predict about these proteins?

What is the most likely role of a cell that contains an extensive smooth ER?

Biology and the Tree of Life

Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Lipids, membranes, and the First Cells

Cell-Cell Interactions

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

How Genes Work

Transcription, RNA Processing, and Translation

Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Analyzing and Engineering Genes

Genomics

Principles of Development

An Introduction to Animal Development

An Introduction to Plant Development

Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Speciation

Phylogenies and the History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Green Algae and Land Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animals

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

Viruses

Plant Form and Function

Water and Sugar Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Sensory Systems, signals, and Responses

Plant Reproduction

Animal Form and Function

Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange and Circulation

Electrical Signals in Animals

Animal Sensory Systems and Movement

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Reproduction

The Immune System in Animals

An Introduction to Ecology

Behavioural Ecology

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

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