Question 1

Drosophila and Caenorhabditis are two widely used model organisms for biological research.Which of the following advantages do they not have in common?

Accepted Answer

A) They can be kept in large numbers due to their small size. 
B) Their entire genomes have been sequenced. 
C) They develop relatively quickly. 
D) Their embryonic cells all follow a predetermined developmental path. 
A) They can be kept in large numbers due to their small size. 
B) Their entire genomes have been sequenced. 
C) They develop relatively quickly. 
D) Their embryonic cells all follow a predetermined developmental path. D

Question 2

Which of the following attributes is not true for both arthropod exoskeletons and mollusc shells?

Accepted Answer

A) They completely replace the hydrostatic skeleton. 
B) They provide protection from predators. 
C) They help retain moisture in terrestrial habitats. 
D) None of the above answers apply. 
A) They completely replace the hydrostatic skeleton. 
B) They provide protection from predators. 
C) They help retain moisture in terrestrial habitats. 
D) None of the above answers apply. A

Question 3

Which of these mollusc features substitutes for the coelom by providing a space for organ development and circulation of bodily fluids?

Accepted Answer

A) visceral mass 
B) foot 
C) mantle 
D) none of the above 
A) visceral mass 
B) foot 
C) mantle 
D) none of the above A

Question 4

The major evolutionary split of protostome animals was into

Accepted Answer

A) coelomates and acoelomates. 
B) segmented and nonsegmented animals. 
C) arthropods and molluscs. 
D) diploblasts and triploblasts. 
E) lophotrochozoans and ecdysozoans. 
A) coelomates and acoelomates. 
B) segmented and nonsegmented animals. 
C) arthropods and molluscs. 
D) diploblasts and triploblasts. 
E) lophotrochozoans and ecdysozoans.

Question 5

Suppose you were a researcher choosing a model organism with which to study animal genetics.Which of the following characteristics would be least desirable for this organism?

Accepted Answer

A) small size 
B) long life span 
C) frequent reproduction 
D) simple diet 
E) quick maturation 
A) small size 
B) long life span 
C) frequent reproduction 
D) simple diet 
E) quick maturation

Question 6

Whiteflies are common pest insects found on cotton,tomato,poinsettia,and many other plants.Nymphs are translucent and mostly sessile,feeding on their host plants' phloem (sap)from the undersides of leaves.They undergo incomplete metamorphosis into winged adults.In many species that undergo metamorphosis,adults and juveniles consume different food sources.However,because adult and nymph whiteflies feed in the same manner from the same host plants,why might whiteflies undergo metamorphosis?

Accepted Answer

A) Adults are winged so they can escape predators more easily. 
B) Adults are winged so they can feed more efficiently. 
C) Adults are winged so they can retain moisture better in dry habitats. 
D) Adults are winged so they can find mates more easily. 
E) All of the above answers are correct. 
A) Adults are winged so they can escape predators more easily. 
B) Adults are winged so they can feed more efficiently. 
C) Adults are winged so they can retain moisture better in dry habitats. 
D) Adults are winged so they can find mates more easily. 
E) All of the above answers are correct.

Question 7

Many terrestrial arthropods exchange gases with their environments by using tracheae, tubes that lead from openings (called spiracles)in the animal's exoskeleton or cuticle directly to the animal's tissues. Some arthropods can control whether their spiracles are opened or closed; opening the spiracles allows the carbon dioxide produced in the tissues to travel down the tracheae and be released outside the animal. Klok et al. measured the carbon dioxide emitted over time (represented by VCO₂)by several species of centipedes. Figure 33.2 presents graphs of their results for two species, Cormocephalus morsitans and Scutigerina weberi. (C. J. Klok, R. D. Mercer, and S. L. Chown. 2002. Discontinuous gas-exchange in centipedes and its convergent evolution in tracheated arthropods. Journal of Experimental Biology 205:1019-29.)Copyright (c)2002, The Company of Biologists and the Journal of Experimental Biology.
   
Figure 33.2
-Look at the graph for Cormocephalus morsitans.What is the best interpretation of these results?

Accepted Answer

A) The centipede had its spiracles open the entire time. 
B) The centipede had its spiracles closed the entire time. 
C) The centipede had its spiracles open when CO₂ emission peaked and closed when CO₂ emission was low. 
D) The centipede had its spiracles closed when CO₂ emission peaked and open when CO₂ emission was low. 
A) The centipede had its spiracles open the entire time. 
B) The centipede had its spiracles closed the entire time. 
C) The centipede had its spiracles open when CO₂ emission peaked and closed when CO₂ emission was low. 
D) The centipede had its spiracles closed when CO₂ emission peaked and open when CO₂ emission was low.

Question 8

What would be the most direct effect of removing or damaging an insect's antennae?

Accepted Answer

A) It would have trouble hearing. 
B) It would have trouble mating. 
C) It would have trouble eating. 
D) It would have trouble seeing. 
E) It would have trouble smelling. 
A) It would have trouble hearing. 
B) It would have trouble mating. 
C) It would have trouble eating. 
D) It would have trouble seeing. 
E) It would have trouble smelling.

Question 9

On which body segment are arthropod wings attached?

Accepted Answer

A) head 
B) abdomen 
C) thorax 
D) evenly split between the abdomen and thorax 
A) head 
B) abdomen 
C) thorax 
D) evenly split between the abdomen and thorax

Question 10

Among protostomes,which morphological trait has shown the most diversity?

Accepted Answer

A) type of symmetry (bilateral vs.radial vs.none) 
B) type of body cavity (coelom vs.pseudocoelom vs.acoelom) 
C) number of embryonic tissue types (diploblasty vs.triploblasty) 
D) direction of gastrulation (protostome vs.deuterostome) 
A) type of symmetry (bilateral vs.radial vs.none) 
B) type of body cavity (coelom vs.pseudocoelom vs.acoelom) 
C) number of embryonic tissue types (diploblasty vs.triploblasty) 
D) direction of gastrulation (protostome vs.deuterostome)

Question 11

As stated in the text,"DNA sequence data indicated that two major subgroups existed within the protostomes." This finding contradicts the long-held hypothesis that the protostomes are a monophyletic group.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Many terrestrial arthropods exchange gases with their environments by using tracheae, tubes that lead from openings (called spiracles)in the animal's exoskeleton or cuticle directly to the animal's tissues. Some arthropods can control whether their spiracles are opened or closed; opening the spiracles allows the carbon dioxide produced in the tissues to travel down the tracheae and be released outside the animal. Klok et al. measured the carbon dioxide emitted over time (represented by VCO₂)by several species of centipedes. Figure 33.2 presents graphs of their results for two species, Cormocephalus morsitans and Scutigerina weberi. (C. J. Klok, R. D. Mercer, and S. L. Chown. 2002. Discontinuous gas-exchange in centipedes and its convergent evolution in tracheated arthropods. Journal of Experimental Biology 205:1019-29.)Copyright (c)2002, The Company of Biologists and the Journal of Experimental Biology.
   
Figure 33.2
-Look at the graph for Scutigerina weberi (note the scale of the y-axis)in Figure 33.2.What is the best interpretation of these results?

Accepted Answer

A) The centipede had its spiracles open the entire time. 
B) The centipede had its spiracles closed the entire time. 
C) The centipede had its spiracles open when CO₂ emission peaked and closed when CO₂ emission was low. 
D) The centipede had its spiracles closed when CO₂ emission peaked and open when CO₂ emission was low. 
A) The centipede had its spiracles open the entire time. 
B) The centipede had its spiracles closed the entire time. 
C) The centipede had its spiracles open when CO₂ emission peaked and closed when CO₂ emission was low. 
D) The centipede had its spiracles closed when CO₂ emission peaked and open when CO₂ emission was low.

Question 13

When considering the wormlike phyla within the protostomes,which feature is most useful in distinguishing groups?

Accepted Answer

A) the type of body cavity 
B) the presence or absence of a hemocoel 
C) feeding structures or mouthparts 
D) hydrostatic skeleton 
A) the type of body cavity 
B) the presence or absence of a hemocoel 
C) feeding structures or mouthparts 
D) hydrostatic skeleton

Question 14

What is not true of all arthropods?

Accepted Answer

A) They metamorphose during development. 
B) They have jointed limbs. 
C) They grow by molting. 
D) They have segmented bodies. 
E) They have an exoskeleton or cuticle. 
A) They metamorphose during development. 
B) They have jointed limbs. 
C) They grow by molting. 
D) They have segmented bodies. 
E) They have an exoskeleton or cuticle.

Question 15

To which of the following terrestrial habitats would it be easiest for an aquatic animal to adapt?

Accepted Answer

A) tundra (very low temperature,very low precipitation,low plant biomass) 
B) temperate forest (moderate temperature,moderate precipitation,moderate plant biomass) 
C) rain forest (high temperature,high precipitation,high plant biomass) 
D) boreal forest (low temperature,low precipitation,high plant biomass) 
E) subtropical desert (high temperature,very low precipitation,low plant biomass) 
A) tundra (very low temperature,very low precipitation,low plant biomass) 
B) temperate forest (moderate temperature,moderate precipitation,moderate plant biomass) 
C) rain forest (high temperature,high precipitation,high plant biomass) 
D) boreal forest (low temperature,low precipitation,high plant biomass) 
E) subtropical desert (high temperature,very low precipitation,low plant biomass)

Question 16

The body cavity type for arthropods and molluscs can best be described as

Accepted Answer

A) coelom. 
B) pseudocoelom. 
C) reduced coelom. 
D) no coelom. 
A) coelom. 
B) pseudocoelom. 
C) reduced coelom. 
D) no coelom.

Question 17

In arthropods,the hemocoel performs which of the following functions?

Accepted Answer

A) provides space for the internal organs to grow and function 
B) allows for the circulation of bodily fluids 
C) acts as a hydrostatic skeleton-for mobility-in larval stages 
D) all of the above 
A) provides space for the internal organs to grow and function 
B) allows for the circulation of bodily fluids 
C) acts as a hydrostatic skeleton-for mobility-in larval stages 
D) all of the above

Question 18

The common ancestor of the protostomes had a coelom.What does this suggest?

Accepted Answer

A) All lophotrochozoans have a coelom. 
B) There are no pseudocoelomates within the protostomes. 
C) There are no acoelomates within the protostomes. 
D) None of the above answers apply. 
A) All lophotrochozoans have a coelom. 
B) There are no pseudocoelomates within the protostomes. 
C) There are no acoelomates within the protostomes. 
D) None of the above answers apply.

Question 19

Compare the graphs in Figure 33.2 of CO₂ emission for Cormocephalus morsitans and Scutigerina weberi.What hypothesis can you make about each centipede's habitat?

Accepted Answer

A) 
C) morsitans lives in a habitat that provides more carbon dioxide than S.weberi. 
B) 
C) morsitans lives in a habitat with more predators than S.weberi. 
C) 
C) morsitans lives in a colder habitat than S.weberi. 
D) 
C) morsitans lives in a dryer habitat than S.weberi. 
A) 
C) morsitans lives in a habitat that provides more carbon dioxide than S.weberi. 
B) 
C) morsitans lives in a habitat with more predators than S.weberi. 
C) 
C) morsitans lives in a colder habitat than S.weberi. 
D) 
C) morsitans lives in a dryer habitat than S.weberi.

Question 20

The protostome developmental sequence arose just once in evolutionary history,resulting in two main subgroups-Lophotrochozoa and Ecdysozoa.What does this finding suggest?

Accepted Answer

A) These two subgroups have a common ancestor that was a protostome. 
B) The protostomes are a monophyletic group. 
C) Division of these two groups occurred after the protostome developmental sequence appeared. 
D) All of the above apply. 
A) These two subgroups have a common ancestor that was a protostome. 
B) The protostomes are a monophyletic group. 
C) Division of these two groups occurred after the protostome developmental sequence appeared. 
D) All of the above apply.

Exam 33: Protostome Animals

Drosophila and Caenorhabditis are two widely used model organisms for biological research.Which of the following advantages do they not have in common?

Which of the following attributes is not true for both arthropod exoskeletons and mollusc shells?

Which of these mollusc features substitutes for the coelom by providing a space for organ development and circulation of bodily fluids?

The major evolutionary split of protostome animals was into

Suppose you were a researcher choosing a model organism with which to study animal genetics.Which of the following characteristics would be least desirable for this organism?

What would be the most direct effect of removing or damaging an insect's antennae?

On which body segment are arthropod wings attached?

Among protostomes,which morphological trait has shown the most diversity?

As stated in the text,"DNA sequence data indicated that two major subgroups existed within the protostomes." This finding contradicts the long-held hypothesis that the protostomes are a monophyletic group.

When considering the wormlike phyla within the protostomes,which feature is most useful in distinguishing groups?

What is not true of all arthropods?

To which of the following terrestrial habitats would it be easiest for an aquatic animal to adapt?

The body cavity type for arthropods and molluscs can best be described as

In arthropods,the hemocoel performs which of the following functions?

The common ancestor of the protostomes had a coelom.What does this suggest?

Compare the graphs in Figure 33.2 of CO₂ emission for Cormocephalus morsitans and Scutigerina weberi.What hypothesis can you make about each centipede's habitat?

The protostome developmental sequence arose just once in evolutionary history,resulting in two main subgroups-Lophotrochozoa and Ecdysozoa.What does this finding suggest?

Biology and the Tree of Life

Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Lipids, membranes, and the First Cells

Inside the Cell

Cell-Cell Interactions

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

How Genes Work

Transcription, RNA Processing, and Translation

Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Analyzing and Engineering Genes

Genomics

Principles of Development

An Introduction to Animal Development

An Introduction to Plant Development

Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Speciation

Phylogenies and the History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Green Algae and Land Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animals

Deuterostome Animals

Viruses

Plant Form and Function

Water and Sugar Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Sensory Systems, signals, and Responses

Plant Reproduction

Animal Form and Function

Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange and Circulation

Electrical Signals in Animals

Animal Sensory Systems and Movement

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Reproduction

The Immune System in Animals

An Introduction to Ecology

Behavioural Ecology

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

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