Question 1

What condition may arise if an individual has defective insulin receptors?

Accepted Answer

A) diabetes mellitus type I 
B) diabetes mellitus type II 
C) diabetes insipidus 
D) gestational diabetes 
A) diabetes mellitus type I 
B) diabetes mellitus type II 
C) diabetes insipidus 
D) gestational diabetes B

Question 2

The stomach is highly acidic,creating a hostile environment for invading bacteria.Another function of the acidic environment is to activate the enzyme that initiates protein digestion in the stomach.What proteolytic enzyme is activated by the acidic environment?

Accepted Answer

A) trypsin 
B) chymotrypsin 
C) insulin 
D) pepsin 
A) trypsin 
B) chymotrypsin 
C) insulin 
D) pepsin D

Question 3

Which of the following molecules are absorbed from the lumen of the small intestine into epithelial cells through simple diffusion?

Accepted Answer

A) monosaccharides 
B) disaccharides and trisaccharides 
C) lipids 
D) amino acids 
A) monosaccharides 
B) disaccharides and trisaccharides 
C) lipids 
D) amino acids C

Question 4

Figure 43.1  
-How would you,as an athlete or trainer,interpret the data portrayed in the graph above?

Accepted Answer

A) A high-carbohydrate diet is deleterious to all individuals because carbohydrates contain empty calories. 
B) A high-carbohydrate diet consumed before an endurance event improves endurance. 
C) The protein-fat diet resulted in the longest endurance. 
D) It is highly probable that muscle cells involved in exercise use fatty acids as a fuel source. 
A) A high-carbohydrate diet is deleterious to all individuals because carbohydrates contain empty calories. 
B) A high-carbohydrate diet consumed before an endurance event improves endurance. 
C) The protein-fat diet resulted in the longest endurance. 
D) It is highly probable that muscle cells involved in exercise use fatty acids as a fuel source.

Question 5

Helicobacter pylori is a bacterial organism that causes ulcers and digestive disturbances.How might they survive the acid pH of the stomach?

Accepted Answer

A) They secrete a buffer to neutralize acid. 
B) They burrow under the mucus layer that covers the stomach epithelium. 
C) They hook up to the blood supply of the stomach. 
D) They release chemicals that decrease acid production in the stomach. 
A) They secrete a buffer to neutralize acid. 
B) They burrow under the mucus layer that covers the stomach epithelium. 
C) They hook up to the blood supply of the stomach. 
D) They release chemicals that decrease acid production in the stomach.

Question 6

The process of breaking down food particles into molecules that can be transported into circulation is known as

Accepted Answer

A) ingestion. 
B) digestion. 
C) absorption. 
D) excretion. 
A) ingestion. 
B) digestion. 
C) absorption. 
D) excretion.

Question 7

Cholecystokinin (CCK)stimulates the release of numerous digestive enzymes.Which of the following digestive enzymes is NOT released by CCK?

Accepted Answer

A) chymotrypsin 
B) pancreatic amylase 
C) elastase 
D) pepsin 
A) chymotrypsin 
B) pancreatic amylase 
C) elastase 
D) pepsin

Question 8

Bile,which is synthesized in the liver and stored in the gallbladder,is important in lipid digestion.What feature/function of bile makes it an effective emulsifying agent?

Accepted Answer

A) Bile is an amphipathic molecule,having both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions. 
B) Bile adds hydroxyl groups to the hydrocarbon tails of fatty acids,making them more soluble in water. 
C) Bile stimulates the transport processes involved in movement of triglycerides into intestinal epithelial cells. 
D) Its enzymatic activity removes fatty acids from triglycerides,making them more soluble in water. 
A) Bile is an amphipathic molecule,having both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions. 
B) Bile adds hydroxyl groups to the hydrocarbon tails of fatty acids,making them more soluble in water. 
C) Bile stimulates the transport processes involved in movement of triglycerides into intestinal epithelial cells. 
D) Its enzymatic activity removes fatty acids from triglycerides,making them more soluble in water.

Question 9

Jahasz-Pocsine and coworkers found a correlation between gastric bypass surgery and neurological complications.Twenty-six of 150 patients who came to the University of Arkansas Medical Sciences Neurology Clinic following gastric bypass surgery experienced neurological complications related to the surgery.What might be a cause for the neurological complications?

Accepted Answer

A) sudden weight loss and caloric deficiency interfering with neurological function 
B) nutrient (e.g.,vitamin and mineral)deficiencies 
C) sloppy surgical technique of physicians performing the bypass surgery 
D) infections following surgical intervention 
A) sudden weight loss and caloric deficiency interfering with neurological function 
B) nutrient (e.g.,vitamin and mineral)deficiencies 
C) sloppy surgical technique of physicians performing the bypass surgery 
D) infections following surgical intervention

Question 10

Food labels provide nutrient information and express the amount of a given nutrient as

Accepted Answer

A) a percentage of the Recommended Dietary Allowances. 
B) International Units. 
C) percent composition of the food product. 
D) calories. 
A) a percentage of the Recommended Dietary Allowances. 
B) International Units. 
C) percent composition of the food product. 
D) calories.

Question 11

Figure 43.2  
-Refer to Figure 43.1.Which of the mouthparts shown in the figure above are specialized for crushing and grinding?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Figure 43.2  
-Refer to Figure 43.1.Which...

Question 12

What is the importance of consuming an adequate amount of proteins in a diet?

Accepted Answer

A) They are most commonly used to meet cell energy demands. 
B) Proteins serve a variety of functions,and the body does not store excess quantities of protein. 
C) They are used as cofactors for metabolic reactions and are required in minute quantities. 
D) Proteins are necessary to produce urea and other important metabolites. 
A) They are most commonly used to meet cell energy demands. 
B) Proteins serve a variety of functions,and the body does not store excess quantities of protein. 
C) They are used as cofactors for metabolic reactions and are required in minute quantities. 
D) Proteins are necessary to produce urea and other important metabolites.

Question 13

Starch digestion begins where?

Accepted Answer

A) in the mouth 
B) in the stomach 
C) in the small intestine 
D) in the bloodstream 
A) in the mouth 
B) in the stomach 
C) in the small intestine 
D) in the bloodstream

Question 14

A major risk factor for atherosclerosis is high levels of dietary cholesterol.If you get your lipid levels checked regularly,which of the following,when elevated,most significantly increases your risk for developing atherosclerosis?

Accepted Answer

A) HDL cholesterol 
B) LDL cholesterol 
C) liver LDL receptors 
D) cholecystokinin 
A) HDL cholesterol 
B) LDL cholesterol 
C) liver LDL receptors 
D) cholecystokinin

Question 15

Food and its products of degradation move through the alimentary canal by means of peristalsis.What is peristalsis?

Accepted Answer

A) movements of the muscular layer surrounding the alimentary canal that are under voluntary control 
B) rhythmic waves of contraction of the muscular layer surrounding the alimentary canal that are responsible for moving contents of the lumen along the length of the digestive tract 
C) movement of nerve impulses from the central nervous system to the autorhythmic smooth muscle cells 
D) rhythmic lengthening and shortening of epithelial cells lining the lumen of the alimentary canal 
A) movements of the muscular layer surrounding the alimentary canal that are under voluntary control 
B) rhythmic waves of contraction of the muscular layer surrounding the alimentary canal that are responsible for moving contents of the lumen along the length of the digestive tract 
C) movement of nerve impulses from the central nervous system to the autorhythmic smooth muscle cells 
D) rhythmic lengthening and shortening of epithelial cells lining the lumen of the alimentary canal

Question 16

Which of the following words best completes this sentence? The human body cannot ________ essential nutrients.

Accepted Answer

A) excrete 
B) make 
C) secrete 
D) absorb 
A) excrete 
B) make 
C) secrete 
D) absorb

Question 17

Ruminants have a multi-compartmented stomach.They have a symbiotic relationship with bacterial organisms resident in the first of four compartments (the rumen).How do the bacteria help ruminant digestion?

Accepted Answer

A) They break down cellulose,a complex polysaccharide that would be indigestible without the assistance of bacterial organisms. 
B) They increase the rate of movement of contents through the alimentary canal. 
C) They maintain a basic pH in the rumen. 
D) They do not help with digestion,but benefit from foods eaten by the ruminant. 
A) They break down cellulose,a complex polysaccharide that would be indigestible without the assistance of bacterial organisms. 
B) They increase the rate of movement of contents through the alimentary canal. 
C) They maintain a basic pH in the rumen. 
D) They do not help with digestion,but benefit from foods eaten by the ruminant.

Question 18

Villi and microvilli that are associated with the luminal surface of the intestinal epithelium are important in that they

Accepted Answer

A) increase the surface area available for absorption. 
B) contain stratified (layered)epithelial cells for protection against pathogens entering with food. 
C) transport substances from the epithelial cells into the circulatory system. 
D) contain cilia that facilitate movement of the contents of the alimentary canal toward the anus. 
A) increase the surface area available for absorption. 
B) contain stratified (layered)epithelial cells for protection against pathogens entering with food. 
C) transport substances from the epithelial cells into the circulatory system. 
D) contain cilia that facilitate movement of the contents of the alimentary canal toward the anus.

Question 19

Fangs,like those found in wolves,are designed to

Accepted Answer

A) grind and chew. 
B) tear flesh. 
C) swallow the prey whole. 
D) filter feed. 
A) grind and chew. 
B) tear flesh. 
C) swallow the prey whole. 
D) filter feed.

Question 20

Which of the following is a major function of the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

A) to initiate protein digestion 
B) to absorb the end-products of digestion 
C) to produce and release bile to aid in fat absorption 
D) to store bile 
A) to initiate protein digestion 
B) to absorb the end-products of digestion 
C) to produce and release bile to aid in fat absorption 
D) to store bile

Exam 43: Animal Nutrition

What condition may arise if an individual has defective insulin receptors?

The stomach is highly acidic,creating a hostile environment for invading bacteria.Another function of the acidic environment is to activate the enzyme that initiates protein digestion in the stomach.What proteolytic enzyme is activated by the acidic environment?

Which of the following molecules are absorbed from the lumen of the small intestine into epithelial cells through simple diffusion?

Figure 43.1 -How would you,as an athlete or trainer,interpret the data portrayed in the graph above?

Helicobacter pylori is a bacterial organism that causes ulcers and digestive disturbances.How might they survive the acid pH of the stomach?

The process of breaking down food particles into molecules that can be transported into circulation is known as

Cholecystokinin (CCK)stimulates the release of numerous digestive enzymes.Which of the following digestive enzymes is NOT released by CCK?

Bile,which is synthesized in the liver and stored in the gallbladder,is important in lipid digestion.What feature/function of bile makes it an effective emulsifying agent?

Food labels provide nutrient information and express the amount of a given nutrient as

Figure 43.2 -Refer to Figure 43.1.Which of the mouthparts shown in the figure above are specialized for crushing and grinding?

What is the importance of consuming an adequate amount of proteins in a diet?

Starch digestion begins where?

A major risk factor for atherosclerosis is high levels of dietary cholesterol.If you get your lipid levels checked regularly,which of the following,when elevated,most significantly increases your risk for developing atherosclerosis?

Food and its products of degradation move through the alimentary canal by means of peristalsis.What is peristalsis?

Which of the following words best completes this sentence? The human body cannot ________ essential nutrients.

Ruminants have a multi-compartmented stomach.They have a symbiotic relationship with bacterial organisms resident in the first of four compartments (the rumen).How do the bacteria help ruminant digestion?

Villi and microvilli that are associated with the luminal surface of the intestinal epithelium are important in that they

Fangs,like those found in wolves,are designed to

Which of the following is a major function of the small intestine?

Biology and the Tree of Life

Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Lipids, membranes, and the First Cells

Inside the Cell

Cell-Cell Interactions

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

How Genes Work

Transcription, RNA Processing, and Translation

Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Analyzing and Engineering Genes

Genomics

Principles of Development

An Introduction to Animal Development

An Introduction to Plant Development

Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Speciation

Phylogenies and the History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Green Algae and Land Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animals

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

Viruses

Plant Form and Function

Water and Sugar Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Sensory Systems, signals, and Responses

Plant Reproduction

Animal Form and Function

Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Gas Exchange and Circulation

Electrical Signals in Animals

Animal Sensory Systems and Movement

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Reproduction

The Immune System in Animals

An Introduction to Ecology

Behavioural Ecology

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

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