Question 1

In which terrestrial area is global warming most likely to allow coniferous trees to encroach?

Accepted Answer

A) tropical wet forests 
B) arctic tundra 
C) temperate forests 
D) boreal forests 
A) tropical wet forests 
B) arctic tundra 
C) temperate forests 
D) boreal forests B

Question 2

According to the latest hypotheses,why do evergreens predominate in cold environments?

Accepted Answer

A) Evergreens begin photosynthesizing in early spring,even before the snow melts. 
B) Evergreens do not shed their leaves and thus do not need as many soil nutrients. 
C) Evergreens photosynthesize all year round. 
D) Answers A and B are both correct. 
E) Answers B and C are both correct. 
A) Evergreens begin photosynthesizing in early spring,even before the snow melts. 
B) Evergreens do not shed their leaves and thus do not need as many soil nutrients. 
C) Evergreens photosynthesize all year round. 
D) Answers A and B are both correct. 
E) Answers B and C are both correct. D

Question 3

A fish species known for its success in the aphotic zone would likely NOT have which of the following characteristics?

Accepted Answer

A) symbioses with photosynthetic organisms 
B) highly developed chemoreception 
C) adaptations for burrowing 
D) adaptations for sit-and-wait predation 
A) symbioses with photosynthetic organisms 
B) highly developed chemoreception 
C) adaptations for burrowing 
D) adaptations for sit-and-wait predation A

Question 4

The specific abiotic factors defining a biome are

Accepted Answer

A) maximum annual temperature and moisture levels. 
B) average annual temperature and moisture levels. 
C) annual variation in temperature and precipitation. 
D) maximum annual temperatures,moisture levels,and average annual temperature. 
E) average annual temperature,moisture levels,and annual variation in temperature and precipitation. 
A) maximum annual temperature and moisture levels. 
B) average annual temperature and moisture levels. 
C) annual variation in temperature and precipitation. 
D) maximum annual temperatures,moisture levels,and average annual temperature. 
E) average annual temperature,moisture levels,and annual variation in temperature and precipitation.

Question 5

Theoretically,which would be the most effective way to disrupt a Hadley cell?

Accepted Answer

A) Remove all equatorial moisture and convection. 
B) Extensively water the deserts. 
C) Heat the poles. 
D) Shift the Sun to apply direct rays 30 degrees south latitude. 
A) Remove all equatorial moisture and convection. 
B) Extensively water the deserts. 
C) Heat the poles. 
D) Shift the Sun to apply direct rays 30 degrees south latitude.

Question 6

Which level of ecological study focuses the most on abiotic factors?

Accepted Answer

A) speciation ecology 
B) population ecology 
C) community ecology 
D) ecosystem ecology 
A) speciation ecology 
B) population ecology 
C) community ecology 
D) ecosystem ecology

Question 7

If the Earth were to reorient such that the North Pole always received direct sunlight (always faced the Sun),how would that change Earth's climate?

Accepted Answer

A) The equators would not change in climate. 
B) The South Pole would get colder. 
C) The equators would get warmer. 
D) The North Pole would get more wind. 
A) The equators would not change in climate. 
B) The South Pole would get colder. 
C) The equators would get warmer. 
D) The North Pole would get more wind.

Question 8

On Earth,the general trend is that with decreasing latitude and increased solar radiation,there is ________ produced by photosynthesis (by plants,etc).

Accepted Answer

A) an increase in biodiversity because of increased oxygen supplies 
B) a decrease in biodiversity because of increased oxygen supplies 
C) an increase in biodiversity because of increased biomass (food) 
D) a decrease in biodiversity because of increased biomass (food) 
A) an increase in biodiversity because of increased oxygen supplies 
B) a decrease in biodiversity because of increased oxygen supplies 
C) an increase in biodiversity because of increased biomass (food) 
D) a decrease in biodiversity because of increased biomass (food)

Question 9

In deep water,which of the following abiotic factors would most limit productivity?

Accepted Answer

A) temperature 
B) light availability 
C) solute concentration 
D) all of the above 
A) temperature 
B) light availability 
C) solute concentration 
D) all of the above

Question 10

Figure 50.4  
-Based on the figure above,and knowing what you know about cattle,what is the most logical conclusion?

Accepted Answer

A) Cattle distribution is primarily affected by temperature. 
B) Tsetse flies somehow negatively affect cattle. 
C) Cattle distribution is primarily affected by grass distribution. 
D) Cattle somehow affect the reproduction of the tsetse fly. 
A) Cattle distribution is primarily affected by temperature. 
B) Tsetse flies somehow negatively affect cattle. 
C) Cattle distribution is primarily affected by grass distribution. 
D) Cattle somehow affect the reproduction of the tsetse fly.

Question 11

Which is a likely biotic factor limiting songbird distribution in Hawaii to alpine habitats?

Accepted Answer

A) temperature 
B) oxygen content 
C) moisture 
D) insects causing fatal diseases in songbirds at lower altitudes 
A) temperature 
B) oxygen content 
C) moisture 
D) insects causing fatal diseases in songbirds at lower altitudes

Question 12

Which of the following organisms is likely to have the widest geographic distribution?

Accepted Answer

A) bacteria 
B) Thermus aquaticus bacteria 
C) polar bears 
D) cheetahs 
A) bacteria 
B) Thermus aquaticus bacteria 
C) polar bears 
D) cheetahs

Question 13

Figure 50.1  
-In the figure above,which number would designate the biome with the highest variation in annual precipitation?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4

Question 14

What is the main difference between climate and weather?

Accepted Answer

A) Weather typically describes a larger area than climate. 
B) Climate typically describes longer-term conditions. 
C) Climate typically describes shorter-term conditions. 
D) Weather includes temperature and climate does not. 
A) Weather typically describes a larger area than climate. 
B) Climate typically describes longer-term conditions. 
C) Climate typically describes shorter-term conditions. 
D) Weather includes temperature and climate does not.

Question 15

Wetlands are standing bodies of freshwater,just like lakes and ponds.However,wetlands are different from lakes and ponds because

Accepted Answer

A) wetlands have shallow water. 
B) wetlands have emergent vegetation. 
C) wetlands have oxygen-poor water. 
D) answers A and B both apply. 
E) answers B and C both apply. 
A) wetlands have shallow water. 
B) wetlands have emergent vegetation. 
C) wetlands have oxygen-poor water. 
D) answers A and B both apply. 
E) answers B and C both apply.

Question 16

A fish swimming into an estuary from a river would have which of the following as its greatest physiological challenge?

Accepted Answer

A) The high water flow would make the fish expend more energy. 
B) The low oxygen content would give the fish difficulty in swimming aerobically. 
C) The temperature change would stress the fish by denaturing its proteins. 
D) The change in water solute content would challenge the osmotic balance of the fish. 
A) The high water flow would make the fish expend more energy. 
B) The low oxygen content would give the fish difficulty in swimming aerobically. 
C) The temperature change would stress the fish by denaturing its proteins. 
D) The change in water solute content would challenge the osmotic balance of the fish.

Question 17

Figure 50.1  
-Looking at the figure above,which number would designate the tropical wet forest biome?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4

Question 18

What would happen to the seasons if the Earth were tilted 35 degrees off its orbital plane instead of the usual 23.5 degrees?

Accepted Answer

A) The seasons would disappear. 
B) Winters and summers would be more severe. 
C) Winters and summers would be less severe. 
D) The seasons would be shorter. 
A) The seasons would disappear. 
B) Winters and summers would be more severe. 
C) Winters and summers would be less severe. 
D) The seasons would be shorter.

Question 19

A fish swimming into a bog environment in Ontario would likely have which of the following as its greatest physiological challenge?

Accepted Answer

A) The low oxygen content would make it difficult for the fish to swim aerobically. 
B) The low nitrogen content would make it difficult for the fish to synthesize proteins. 
C) The high temperature would stress the fish by denaturing its proteins. 
D) The high water flow would make the fish expend more energy. 
A) The low oxygen content would make it difficult for the fish to swim aerobically. 
B) The low nitrogen content would make it difficult for the fish to synthesize proteins. 
C) The high temperature would stress the fish by denaturing its proteins. 
D) The high water flow would make the fish expend more energy.

Question 20

Which of the following terms does NOT describe how much all of the plants in a biome grow?

Accepted Answer

A) productivity 
B) net primary productivity 
C) aboveground biomass 
D) photosynthetic quotient 
A) productivity 
B) net primary productivity 
C) aboveground biomass 
D) photosynthetic quotient

Exam 50: An Introduction to Ecology

In which terrestrial area is global warming most likely to allow coniferous trees to encroach?

According to the latest hypotheses,why do evergreens predominate in cold environments?

A fish species known for its success in the aphotic zone would likely NOT have which of the following characteristics?

The specific abiotic factors defining a biome are

Theoretically,which would be the most effective way to disrupt a Hadley cell?

Which level of ecological study focuses the most on abiotic factors?

If the Earth were to reorient such that the North Pole always received direct sunlight (always faced the Sun),how would that change Earth's climate?

On Earth,the general trend is that with decreasing latitude and increased solar radiation,there is ________ produced by photosynthesis (by plants,etc).

In deep water,which of the following abiotic factors would most limit productivity?

Figure 50.4 -Based on the figure above,and knowing what you know about cattle,what is the most logical conclusion?

Which is a likely biotic factor limiting songbird distribution in Hawaii to alpine habitats?

Which of the following organisms is likely to have the widest geographic distribution?

Figure 50.1 -In the figure above,which number would designate the biome with the highest variation in annual precipitation?

What is the main difference between climate and weather?

Wetlands are standing bodies of freshwater,just like lakes and ponds.However,wetlands are different from lakes and ponds because

A fish swimming into an estuary from a river would have which of the following as its greatest physiological challenge?

Figure 50.1 -Looking at the figure above,which number would designate the tropical wet forest biome?

What would happen to the seasons if the Earth were tilted 35 degrees off its orbital plane instead of the usual 23.5 degrees?

A fish swimming into a bog environment in Ontario would likely have which of the following as its greatest physiological challenge?

Which of the following terms does NOT describe how much all of the plants in a biome grow?

Biology and the Tree of Life

Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Lipids, membranes, and the First Cells

Inside the Cell

Cell-Cell Interactions

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

How Genes Work

Transcription, RNA Processing, and Translation

Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Analyzing and Engineering Genes

Genomics

Principles of Development

An Introduction to Animal Development

An Introduction to Plant Development

Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Speciation

Phylogenies and the History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Green Algae and Land Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animals

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

Viruses

Plant Form and Function

Water and Sugar Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Sensory Systems, signals, and Responses

Plant Reproduction

Animal Form and Function

Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange and Circulation

Electrical Signals in Animals

Animal Sensory Systems and Movement

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Reproduction

The Immune System in Animals

Behavioural Ecology

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

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