Exam 47: Chemical Signals in Animals

People with type II diabetes mellitus have defective insulin receptors that cannot respond to insulin properly.Relative to normal individuals,what would be the effect on blood glucose levels of chronic stress that kept blood cortisol levels high?

All of the following are examples of amplification of a hormone signal EXCEPT

What is the only type of chemical signal that is not intended to alter the physiology of the animal producing that signal?

The vast majority of obese individuals have high leptin levels (db),while only a few rare obese individuals (ob)do not produce leptin.Which of the following hypotheses explains why leptin can cure obese individuals who produce no leptin (ob)while having no effect on other obese individuals (db)?

The regulation of blood sugar levels and our stress responses are controlled in part by a negative feedback loop involving cortisol,ACTH,and CRH.What would likely be the result during times of stress if cortisol receptors in the hypothalamus were nonfunctional?

Which of the following is not considered a second messenger?

Which of the following is similar in structure to cholesterol?

You are dissecting a fish in your biology laboratory section.Your teaching assistant points out a long oval structure and tells you it is an endocrine gland.Which of the following is true about this structure?

When an ant locates a food source,it leaves a trail that other ants can follow to locate the same food source.What type of chemical signalling is this an example of?

Polypeptides can have which of the following types of effects?

Which of the following is true during a typical cAMP-type signal transduction event?

How can a single hormone can have multiple effects?

What changes might you predict/expect if a mutation caused a change in the timing of juvenile hormone,such that it remained high throughout the lifetime of the organism?

Coffee drinkers urinate more frequently than those who do not drink coffee or other caffeinated beverages.Which of the following is a reasonable hypothesis for the effect of caffeine on your body?

Which of these glands is located within the abdominal cavity?

You spend two months in the mountains of Peru at ~ 3500 m altitude.After returning to Toronto,you notice that you can run your regular 10 k route significantly more easily than before you left.What is the reason for this burst of fitness?

Of the following types of molecules,which can function as both neurotransmitters and hormones?

Which of the following best describes the neuroendocrine-to-endocrine pathway of hormone action?

In human embryonic development,which of the following pairs of hormones are released by the developing testes and result in development of the male reproductive tract and inhibition of the female reproductive tract?

Predict the effects of a drug that increases adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)synthesis.