Question 1

Stomata,openings in the leaf,are important to photosynthesis for

Accepted Answer

A) entry of carbon dioxide that is used in the Calvin cycle. 
B) entry of oxygen that is used in the Calvin cycle. 
C) removal of water and carbon dioxide,the end-products of photo-oxidation. 
D) removal of nitrogen-containing waste products. 
A) entry of carbon dioxide that is used in the Calvin cycle. 
B) entry of oxygen that is used in the Calvin cycle. 
C) removal of water and carbon dioxide,the end-products of photo-oxidation. 
D) removal of nitrogen-containing waste products. A

Question 2

Why are there several structurally different pigments in the reaction centers of photosystems?

Accepted Answer

A) Excited electrons must pass through several pigments before they can be transferred to electron acceptors of the electron transport chain. 
B) This setup enables the plant to absorb energy from sunlight from a variety of wavelengths. 
C) They enable the plant to absorb more photons from light energy,all of which are at the same wavelength. 
D) They enable the reaction center to excite electrons to a higher energy level. 
A) Excited electrons must pass through several pigments before they can be transferred to electron acceptors of the electron transport chain. 
B) This setup enables the plant to absorb energy from sunlight from a variety of wavelengths. 
C) They enable the plant to absorb more photons from light energy,all of which are at the same wavelength. 
D) They enable the reaction center to excite electrons to a higher energy level. B

Question 3

If pigments from a particular species of plant are extracted and subjected to paper chromatography,which of the following is the most believable result?

Accepted Answer

A) Paper chromatography for the plant would isolate a single band of pigment that is characteristic of the particular plant. 
B) Paper chromatography would separate the pigments from a particular plant into several bands. 
C) The single band of pigment that is isolated is always some shade of green. 
D) Paper chromatography isolates only the pigments that reflect green light. 
A) Paper chromatography for the plant would isolate a single band of pigment that is characteristic of the particular plant. 
B) Paper chromatography would separate the pigments from a particular plant into several bands. 
C) The single band of pigment that is isolated is always some shade of green. 
D) Paper chromatography isolates only the pigments that reflect green light. B

Question 4

In the carbon fixation step of the Calvin cycle,ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (a five-carbon compound)is carboxylated to produce

Accepted Answer

A) citric acid. 
B) 2 three-carbon compounds. 
C) acetyl CoA (two carbons)and oxaloacetate (four carbons). 
D) glucose. 
A) citric acid. 
B) 2 three-carbon compounds. 
C) acetyl CoA (two carbons)and oxaloacetate (four carbons). 
D) glucose.

Question 5

The process of photosynthesis probably originated

Accepted Answer

A) in plants. 
B) in prokaryotes. 
C) in fungi. 
D) three separate times. 
A) in plants. 
B) in prokaryotes. 
C) in fungi. 
D) three separate times.

Question 6

Photorespiration is

Accepted Answer

A) not a problem,because oxygen is not available in the chloroplast where photorespiration takes place. 
B) a process involving addition of oxygen to ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate and the formation of ribose-1,5-diphosphate. 
C) a process involving the addition of oxygen to ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate and the formation of the products 3-phosphoglycerate and 2-phosphoglycolate. 
D) a process involving the carboxylation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate. 
A) not a problem,because oxygen is not available in the chloroplast where photorespiration takes place. 
B) a process involving addition of oxygen to ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate and the formation of ribose-1,5-diphosphate. 
C) a process involving the addition of oxygen to ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate and the formation of the products 3-phosphoglycerate and 2-phosphoglycolate. 
D) a process involving the carboxylation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate.

Question 7

The proteins of the electron transport chain active in the light-dependent reactions

Accepted Answer

A) are membrane proteins present in the thylakoid. 
B) are free proteins present in the thylakoid lumen. 
C) are part of the reaction center of photosystem I. 
D) have hydrophilic exterior surfaces. 
A) are membrane proteins present in the thylakoid. 
B) are free proteins present in the thylakoid lumen. 
C) are part of the reaction center of photosystem I. 
D) have hydrophilic exterior surfaces.

Question 8

Based on what you know about the structure and function of the antenna complex,irradiating a leaf with which of the following light types would result in the release of the greatest quantities of oxygen?

Accepted Answer

A) red and orange light 
B) green and blue light 
C) blue and orange light 
D) red and blue light 
A) red and orange light 
B) green and blue light 
C) blue and orange light 
D) red and blue light

Question 9

Data suggest that rubisco (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase)makes up 10% of the total protein found in spinach leaves.Research elucidating the structure of rubisco shows that it has four active sites.Why,with four active sites,might there be such a large concentration of rubisco in plant matter?

Accepted Answer

A) All heterotrophic organisms depend on plants,either directly or indirectly,for their food supply. 
B) Rubisco is a very slow enzyme;what it lacks in speed,it makes up in numbers. 
C) Rubisco catalyzes four of the six reactions found in the Calvin cycle. 
D) Three of the four active sites bind carbon dioxide;only one binds ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate. 
A) All heterotrophic organisms depend on plants,either directly or indirectly,for their food supply. 
B) Rubisco is a very slow enzyme;what it lacks in speed,it makes up in numbers. 
C) Rubisco catalyzes four of the six reactions found in the Calvin cycle. 
D) Three of the four active sites bind carbon dioxide;only one binds ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate.

Question 10

The absorption spectrum of a plant shows what wavelengths of light the plant absorbs.The absorption spectrum depends on

Accepted Answer

A) the wavelengths of light that hit the plant. 
B) wavelengths of light that are transmitted by the plant. 
C) wavelengths of light to which the plant's pigments respond. 
D) the thickness of the plant's leaves. 
A) the wavelengths of light that hit the plant. 
B) wavelengths of light that are transmitted by the plant. 
C) wavelengths of light to which the plant's pigments respond. 
D) the thickness of the plant's leaves.

Question 11

Most of the enzymes of the Calvin cycle also function in other metabolic pathways.This should not be a surprising finding,because

Accepted Answer

A) metabolic reactions are catalyzed by enzymes that have multiple functions. 
B) there is a close relationship between carbohydrate synthesis and metabolic breakdown. 
C) the Calvin cycle is nearly ubiquitous in cells,as are metabolic pathways. 
D) the Calvin cycle probably evolved at the same time as did glycolysis. 
A) metabolic reactions are catalyzed by enzymes that have multiple functions. 
B) there is a close relationship between carbohydrate synthesis and metabolic breakdown. 
C) the Calvin cycle is nearly ubiquitous in cells,as are metabolic pathways. 
D) the Calvin cycle probably evolved at the same time as did glycolysis.

Question 12

The light-independent reactions of plants function to make organic molecules using carbon dioxide as a carbon source.What is the electron source that helps reduce carbon dioxide to sugars and other organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

A) NADH 
B) NADPH 
C) ATP 
D) electrons from oxygen 
A) NADH 
B) NADPH 
C) ATP 
D) electrons from oxygen

Question 13

Energy from sunlight can excite electrons,kicking them out of their orbitals and creating free radicals.Free radicals are highly reactive atoms or molecules that have unpaired electrons.They degrade and destroy other compounds in their vicinity.Carotenoids,one of the pigments present in most chloroplasts,can stabilize these free radicals.This suggests that

Accepted Answer

A) once chloroplasts are destroyed,the free radicals will destroy the cell. 
B) carotenoids probably have a protective function in the cell. 
C) other pigments (besides carotenoids and chlorophyll)are essential for the health of a plant cell. 
D) carotenoids communicate directly with the immune system of plants. 
A) once chloroplasts are destroyed,the free radicals will destroy the cell. 
B) carotenoids probably have a protective function in the cell. 
C) other pigments (besides carotenoids and chlorophyll)are essential for the health of a plant cell. 
D) carotenoids communicate directly with the immune system of plants.

Question 14

What capability of flavonoids,found in plants,protects their leaves from damage due to ultraviolet light?

Accepted Answer

A) their ability to stabilize free radicals 
B) their ability to absorb visible light 
C) their ability to absorb infrared light 
D) their ability to absorb ultraviolet light 
A) their ability to stabilize free radicals 
B) their ability to absorb visible light 
C) their ability to absorb infrared light 
D) their ability to absorb ultraviolet light

Question 15

Which of the following statements concerning chloroplasts is false?

Accepted Answer

A) They are unrelated to plastids. 
B) They have outer and inner membranes. 
C) They have their own DNA. 
D) They have an internal membrane system known as the thylakoids. 
A) They are unrelated to plastids. 
B) They have outer and inner membranes. 
C) They have their own DNA. 
D) They have an internal membrane system known as the thylakoids.

Question 16

During a discussion of photosynthesis,you are given the following series of facts: 1.Photosystem P700 alone is involved.
2)Water-splitting is not occurring.
3)A proton gradient is created in the Thylakoid lumen.
To which of the following processes do these statements collectively refer?

Accepted Answer

A) linear electron transport 
B) cyclic electron transport 
C) the Calvin cycle 
D) the Krebs cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) 
A) linear electron transport 
B) cyclic electron transport 
C) the Calvin cycle 
D) the Krebs cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)

Question 17

In autumn,the leaves of deciduous trees change colors.This is because the chlorophyll is degraded,and

Accepted Answer

A) the carotenoids and other pigments are still present in the leaves. 
B) degraded chlorophyll becomes a pigment with different colors. 
C) water supply to the leaves has been reduced. 
D) the cells of the leaves begin to die. 
A) the carotenoids and other pigments are still present in the leaves. 
B) degraded chlorophyll becomes a pigment with different colors. 
C) water supply to the leaves has been reduced. 
D) the cells of the leaves begin to die.

Question 18

Plastoquinone (PQ),an electron carrier of small molecular weight,is found in the electron transport chain associated with photosystem II.If PQ is not directly anchored to other membrane or cytoplasmic structures,it is probably

Accepted Answer

A) mobile in the thylakoid membrane. 
B) lipid soluble. 
C) a molecule that serves as a shuttle between the electron transport chain and ATP synthase. 
D) both A and B. 
A) mobile in the thylakoid membrane. 
B) lipid soluble. 
C) a molecule that serves as a shuttle between the electron transport chain and ATP synthase. 
D) both A and B.

Question 19

Chlorophylls absorb light in which colors of the visible range?

Accepted Answer

A) green and blue 
B) blue and red 
C) green and red 
D) orange and blue 
A) green and blue 
B) blue and red 
C) green and red 
D) orange and blue

Question 20

What event accompanies energy absorption by chlorophyll (or other pigment molecules of the antenna complex)?

Accepted Answer

A) ATP is synthesized from the energy absorbed. 
B) A carboxylation reaction of the Calvin cycle occurs. 
C) Electrons are stripped from NADPH. 
D) An electron is excited. 
A) ATP is synthesized from the energy absorbed. 
B) A carboxylation reaction of the Calvin cycle occurs. 
C) Electrons are stripped from NADPH. 
D) An electron is excited.

Exam 10: Photosynthesis

Stomata,openings in the leaf,are important to photosynthesis for

Why are there several structurally different pigments in the reaction centers of photosystems?

If pigments from a particular species of plant are extracted and subjected to paper chromatography,which of the following is the most believable result?

In the carbon fixation step of the Calvin cycle,ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (a five-carbon compound)is carboxylated to produce

The process of photosynthesis probably originated

Photorespiration is

The proteins of the electron transport chain active in the light-dependent reactions

Based on what you know about the structure and function of the antenna complex,irradiating a leaf with which of the following light types would result in the release of the greatest quantities of oxygen?

The absorption spectrum of a plant shows what wavelengths of light the plant absorbs.The absorption spectrum depends on

Most of the enzymes of the Calvin cycle also function in other metabolic pathways.This should not be a surprising finding,because

The light-independent reactions of plants function to make organic molecules using carbon dioxide as a carbon source.What is the electron source that helps reduce carbon dioxide to sugars and other organic molecules?

What capability of flavonoids,found in plants,protects their leaves from damage due to ultraviolet light?

Which of the following statements concerning chloroplasts is false?

During a discussion of photosynthesis,you are given the following series of facts: 1.Photosystem P700 alone is involved. 2)Water-splitting is not occurring. 3)A proton gradient is created in the Thylakoid lumen. To which of the following processes do these statements collectively refer?

In autumn,the leaves of deciduous trees change colors.This is because the chlorophyll is degraded,and

Plastoquinone (PQ),an electron carrier of small molecular weight,is found in the electron transport chain associated with photosystem II.If PQ is not directly anchored to other membrane or cytoplasmic structures,it is probably

Chlorophylls absorb light in which colors of the visible range?

What event accompanies energy absorption by chlorophyll (or other pigment molecules of the antenna complex)?

Biology and the Tree of Life

Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Lipids, membranes, and the First Cells

Inside the Cell

Cell-Cell Interactions

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

How Genes Work

Transcription, RNA Processing, and Translation

Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Analyzing and Engineering Genes

Genomics

Principles of Development

An Introduction to Animal Development

An Introduction to Plant Development

Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Speciation

Phylogenies and the History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Green Algae and Land Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animals

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

Viruses

Plant Form and Function

Water and Sugar Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Sensory Systems, signals, and Responses

Plant Reproduction

Animal Form and Function

Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange and Circulation

Electrical Signals in Animals

Animal Sensory Systems and Movement

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Reproduction

The Immune System in Animals

An Introduction to Ecology

Behavioural Ecology

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

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