Question 1

The amount of depolarization that occurs in a sound-receptor cell is proportional to the volume (loudness)of the sound.

Accepted Answer

A) true 
B) false 
A) true 
B) false A

Question 2

Which sequence of events below best describes how sensory receptors within the lateral line of many fish provide information about stimulus intensity to the brain?

Accepted Answer

A) Depolarization leads to a small change in membrane potential,inducing a high frequency of action potentials. 
B) Hyperpolarization leads to a small change in membrane potential,inducing a high frequency of action potentials. 
C) Depolarization leads to a large change in membrane potential,inducing a high frequency of action potentials. 
D) Hyperpolarization leads to a large change in membrane potential,inducing a low frequency of action potentials. 
A) Depolarization leads to a small change in membrane potential,inducing a high frequency of action potentials. 
B) Hyperpolarization leads to a small change in membrane potential,inducing a high frequency of action potentials. 
C) Depolarization leads to a large change in membrane potential,inducing a high frequency of action potentials. 
D) Hyperpolarization leads to a large change in membrane potential,inducing a low frequency of action potentials. C

Question 3

Which type of receptor would you expect to be most abundant in the antennae of a moth?

Accepted Answer

A) thermoreceptors 
B) mechanoreceptors 
C) chemoreceptors 
D) electroreceptors 
E) nociceptors 
A) thermoreceptors 
B) mechanoreceptors 
C) chemoreceptors 
D) electroreceptors 
E) nociceptors C

Question 4

You work in a lab and are given a slide with a stained specimen on it,but your colleague forgot to label the slide.You look at the specimen under the microscope and notice that the cells are branched,striated,and contain one or two nuclei.Based on these characteristics,what type of tissue would you hypothesize the specimen is?

Accepted Answer

A) muscle 
B) nervous 
C) connective 
D) epithelial 
A) muscle 
B) nervous 
C) connective 
D) epithelial

Question 5

What causes rigor mortis?

Accepted Answer

A) exhaustion of Ca²⁺ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum 
B) lack of ATP in dead tissue 
C) lack of acetylcholine (ACh)in dead tissue 
D) cessation of action potentials after death 
A) exhaustion of Ca²⁺ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum 
B) lack of ATP in dead tissue 
C) lack of acetylcholine (ACh)in dead tissue 
D) cessation of action potentials after death

Question 6

What would be the effect on muscle contraction if troponin were experimentally altered to no longer interact with tropomyosin,so the complex could no longer bind to actin?

Accepted Answer

A) Muscle contraction could no longer occur. 
B) Muscles could not relax after contraction. 
C) Muscle contraction would be weakened,but would still occur as long as tropomyosin is functional. 
D) ATP could not be hydrolyzed by enzymes in the muscle. 
A) Muscle contraction could no longer occur. 
B) Muscles could not relax after contraction. 
C) Muscle contraction would be weakened,but would still occur as long as tropomyosin is functional. 
D) ATP could not be hydrolyzed by enzymes in the muscle.

Question 7

How would an abnormally large oval window in a mouse affect that animal's hearing?

Accepted Answer

A) The mouse could detect noise at much lower volumes. 
B) The mouse could detect noise in a much broader range of frequencies. 
C) Hearing ability would be reduced in comparison with normal mice. 
D) Hearing is not affected by the size of the oval window. 
A) The mouse could detect noise at much lower volumes. 
B) The mouse could detect noise in a much broader range of frequencies. 
C) Hearing ability would be reduced in comparison with normal mice. 
D) Hearing is not affected by the size of the oval window.

Question 8

Rhodopsins are light-sensitive molecules composed of a protein (opsin)and a pigment (retinal).The opsin portion of rhodopsin is an example of a

Accepted Answer

A) peripheral protein. 
B) monotopic integral membrane protein. 
C) polytopic integral membrane protein. 
D) phospholipid. 
A) peripheral protein. 
B) monotopic integral membrane protein. 
C) polytopic integral membrane protein. 
D) phospholipid.

Question 9

Researchers surgically fuse two of the three ossicles in the inner ear of a mouse,effectively leaving two functional,linked ossicles in place of three.When the mouse's hearing is tested,what outcome would be expected?

Accepted Answer

A) The mouse would be more sensitive to sound,but only in the low-frequency range. 
B) The mouse would be more sensitive to sound,but only in the high-frequency range. 
C) The mouse would be more sensitive to sound in general. 
D) The mouse would be less sensitive to sound in general. 
A) The mouse would be more sensitive to sound,but only in the low-frequency range. 
B) The mouse would be more sensitive to sound,but only in the high-frequency range. 
C) The mouse would be more sensitive to sound in general. 
D) The mouse would be less sensitive to sound in general.

Question 10

If you experimentally reduce the concentration of K⁺ in the extracellular fluid surrounding hair cells in the inner ear,the result would be like which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) decreasing the volume of sound reaching the hair cells 
B) increasing the volume of sound reaching the hair cells 
C) decreasing the frequency of sound reaching the hair cells 
D) increasing the frequency of sound reaching the hair cells 
A) decreasing the volume of sound reaching the hair cells 
B) increasing the volume of sound reaching the hair cells 
C) decreasing the frequency of sound reaching the hair cells 
D) increasing the frequency of sound reaching the hair cells

Question 11

Which type of receptor is involved in sound detection?

Accepted Answer

A) thermoreceptors 
B) mechanoreceptors 
C) chemoreceptors 
D) electroreceptors 
E) nociceptors 
A) thermoreceptors 
B) mechanoreceptors 
C) chemoreceptors 
D) electroreceptors 
E) nociceptors

Question 12

You work in a lab and are given a slide with a stained specimen on it,but your colleague forgot to label the slide.You look at the specimen under the microscope and notice that the cells are branched,striated,and contain one or two nuclei.Based on these characteristics,what type of muscular tissue would you hypothesize the specimen is?

Accepted Answer

A) smooth 
B) visceral 
C) cardiac 
D) skeletal 
A) smooth 
B) visceral 
C) cardiac 
D) skeletal

Question 13

How could you genetically modify an animal so that it would distinguish more shades of green?

Accepted Answer

A) Induce genes to produce a greater number of cone cells in the fovea. 
B) Introduce genes for different opsins that respond in the green region of the spectrum. 
C) Introduce genes to produce green fluid in the eyeball,because green fluids will not absorb green light. 
D) Induce increased production of cGMP to increase opening of cGMP-gated sodium channels. 
A) Induce genes to produce a greater number of cone cells in the fovea. 
B) Introduce genes for different opsins that respond in the green region of the spectrum. 
C) Introduce genes to produce green fluid in the eyeball,because green fluids will not absorb green light. 
D) Induce increased production of cGMP to increase opening of cGMP-gated sodium channels.

Question 14

When a doctor tests your patellar reflex by tapping the tendon on the front of your knee,your lower leg comes forward.Which muscle is activated in this reflex?

Accepted Answer

A) hamstring (located in the back of your thigh) 
B) quadriceps (located in the front of your thigh) 
A) hamstring (located in the back of your thigh) 
B) quadriceps (located in the front of your thigh)

Question 15

Elephants hear sounds that are too low for humans to hear.This sensitivity is primarily due to the differences in the

Accepted Answer

A) arrangement and shape of the ossicles. 
B) flexibility of the basilar membrane in the cochlea. 
C) size and flexibility of the tympanic membrane (eardrum). 
D) size and shape of the outer ear. 
E) All of the above apply. 
A) arrangement and shape of the ossicles. 
B) flexibility of the basilar membrane in the cochlea. 
C) size and flexibility of the tympanic membrane (eardrum). 
D) size and shape of the outer ear. 
E) All of the above apply.

Question 16

What is the function of sensory receptor cells?

Accepted Answer

A) to receive a signal from the environment 
B) to transduce a signal from the environment 
C) to integrate a signal from the environment 
D) all of the above 
E) A and B only 
A) to receive a signal from the environment 
B) to transduce a signal from the environment 
C) to integrate a signal from the environment 
D) all of the above 
E) A and B only

Question 17

Training for long-distance running causes a significant increase in

Accepted Answer

A) the cross-sectional area of slow-twitch muscle fibers (cells). 
B) the number of myofibrils per muscle fiber (cell),increasing cell size. 
C) the number of slow-twitch muscle fibers (cells). 
D) A and B apply. 
E) All of the above apply. 
A) the cross-sectional area of slow-twitch muscle fibers (cells). 
B) the number of myofibrils per muscle fiber (cell),increasing cell size. 
C) the number of slow-twitch muscle fibers (cells). 
D) A and B apply. 
E) All of the above apply.

Question 18

How would the vision of a fly be affected if several of the axons extending from the ommatidia of its compound eye were damaged?

Accepted Answer

A) The fly could not detect light in the affected eye. 
B) The fly would be color blind in the affected eye. 
C) The fly would have reduced resolution in the affected eye. 
D) The fly's vision would not be affected,because the remaining functional ommatidia can adjust to compensate for the damaged ones. 
A) The fly could not detect light in the affected eye. 
B) The fly would be color blind in the affected eye. 
C) The fly would have reduced resolution in the affected eye. 
D) The fly's vision would not be affected,because the remaining functional ommatidia can adjust to compensate for the damaged ones.

Question 19

How does the ear allow humans to distinguish the volume of different sounds?

Accepted Answer

A) Louder sounds cause larger action potentials than softer sounds. 
B) Louder sounds cause smaller action potentials than softer sounds. 
C) Louder sounds induce a higher frequency of action potentials than softer sounds. 
D) Louder sounds induce a lower frequency of action potentials than softer sounds. 
E) Answers A and C are both correct. 
A) Louder sounds cause larger action potentials than softer sounds. 
B) Louder sounds cause smaller action potentials than softer sounds. 
C) Louder sounds induce a higher frequency of action potentials than softer sounds. 
D) Louder sounds induce a lower frequency of action potentials than softer sounds. 
E) Answers A and C are both correct.

Question 20

Partial or complete loss of hearing (deafness)can be caused by damage to the

Accepted Answer

A) axons of the neurons associated with each hair cell that carry information to the brain. 
B) hair cells (the sensory receptors)in the cochlea. 
C) tympanic membrane,or eardrum. 
D) A and B apply. 
E) All of the above apply. 
A) axons of the neurons associated with each hair cell that carry information to the brain. 
B) hair cells (the sensory receptors)in the cochlea. 
C) tympanic membrane,or eardrum. 
D) A and B apply. 
E) All of the above apply.

Exam 46: Animal Sensory Systems and Movement

The amount of depolarization that occurs in a sound-receptor cell is proportional to the volume (loudness)of the sound.

Which sequence of events below best describes how sensory receptors within the lateral line of many fish provide information about stimulus intensity to the brain?

Which type of receptor would you expect to be most abundant in the antennae of a moth?

What causes rigor mortis?

What would be the effect on muscle contraction if troponin were experimentally altered to no longer interact with tropomyosin,so the complex could no longer bind to actin?

How would an abnormally large oval window in a mouse affect that animal's hearing?

Rhodopsins are light-sensitive molecules composed of a protein (opsin)and a pigment (retinal).The opsin portion of rhodopsin is an example of a

Researchers surgically fuse two of the three ossicles in the inner ear of a mouse,effectively leaving two functional,linked ossicles in place of three.When the mouse's hearing is tested,what outcome would be expected?

If you experimentally reduce the concentration of K⁺ in the extracellular fluid surrounding hair cells in the inner ear,the result would be like which of the following?

Which type of receptor is involved in sound detection?

How could you genetically modify an animal so that it would distinguish more shades of green?

When a doctor tests your patellar reflex by tapping the tendon on the front of your knee,your lower leg comes forward.Which muscle is activated in this reflex?

Elephants hear sounds that are too low for humans to hear.This sensitivity is primarily due to the differences in the

What is the function of sensory receptor cells?

Training for long-distance running causes a significant increase in

How would the vision of a fly be affected if several of the axons extending from the ommatidia of its compound eye were damaged?

How does the ear allow humans to distinguish the volume of different sounds?

Partial or complete loss of hearing (deafness)can be caused by damage to the

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