Question 1

Which of the following is most likely the main advantage of controlled burnings of forested areas?

Accepted Answer

A) Controlled burnings make up for years of preventing fires. 
B) Controlled burnings clear forested areas for farmland. 
C) Controlled burnings prevent the overgrowth of the underbrush. 
D) Controlled burnings allow new species to form. 
A) Controlled burnings make up for years of preventing fires. 
B) Controlled burnings clear forested areas for farmland. 
C) Controlled burnings prevent the overgrowth of the underbrush. 
D) Controlled burnings allow new species to form. C

Question 2

Figure 53.2  
-What is the term used to describe the process shown in the panels in the figure above?

Accepted Answer

A) competition 
B) species interaction 
C) niche differentiation 
D) niche realization 
A) competition 
B) species interaction 
C) niche differentiation 
D) niche realization C

Question 3

During succession,tall canopies of maple trees form allowing chipmunks to be better hidden against hawks.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) interaction. 
B) tolerance. 
C) inhibition. 
D) facilitation. 
A) interaction. 
B) tolerance. 
C) inhibition. 
D) facilitation. D

Question 4

Snails typically avoid sunlit areas,but some snails infected with certain parasites become attracted to light and prefer sunlit areas.Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis given the life cycles of many parasites?

Accepted Answer

A) The parasite itself must be exposed to light in order to survive in the snail. 
B) The parasite manipulates the behavior of the snail so that it gets eaten more readily,which allows the parasite to complete its life cycle. 
C) The snail is behaving differently in order to rid itself of the parasite. 
D) The snail is dying from the parasite and is therefore looking for the light. 
E) The parasite must exit the snail in a sunlit area in order to move and find its next host. 
A) The parasite itself must be exposed to light in order to survive in the snail. 
B) The parasite manipulates the behavior of the snail so that it gets eaten more readily,which allows the parasite to complete its life cycle. 
C) The snail is behaving differently in order to rid itself of the parasite. 
D) The snail is dying from the parasite and is therefore looking for the light. 
E) The parasite must exit the snail in a sunlit area in order to move and find its next host.

Question 5

In the hypothesis that C.stellatus (a species of barnacle)is competitively excluded from the lower intertidal zone by B.balanoides (another species of barnacle),what could be concluded about the two species?

Accepted Answer

A) The fundamental and realized niches of B.balanoides and C.stellatus are both identical. 
B) The fundamental and realized niches of B.balanoides and C.stellatus are both different. 
C) The fundamental and realized niches of B.balanoides are different,but the fundamental and realized niches of C.stellatus are identical. 
D) The fundamental and realized niches of B.balanoides are identical,but the fundamental and realized niches of C.stellatus are different. 
A) The fundamental and realized niches of B.balanoides and C.stellatus are both identical. 
B) The fundamental and realized niches of B.balanoides and C.stellatus are both different. 
C) The fundamental and realized niches of B.balanoides are different,but the fundamental and realized niches of C.stellatus are identical. 
D) The fundamental and realized niches of B.balanoides are identical,but the fundamental and realized niches of C.stellatus are different.

Question 6

Bouchard and Brooks (2004)studied the effect of insect flight on dispersal and speciation in rain-forest insects.They sampled all of the insects in the study area and found that 60 insect species are flightless and 19 are macropterous (able to fly).From this information what can you conclude? (P.Bouchard and D.R.Brooks.2004.Effect of vagility potential on dispersal and speciation in rainforest insects.Journal of Evolutionary Biology 17:994-1006.)

Accepted Answer

A) Flightless insects have a greater dispersal potential from this study area. 
B) Flightless insects are more numerous in the study area. 
C) Flightless insects have a higher diversity in the study area. 
D) Flightless insects are better suited for the tropics. 
E) This data does not lead to a conclusion. 
A) Flightless insects have a greater dispersal potential from this study area. 
B) Flightless insects are more numerous in the study area. 
C) Flightless insects have a higher diversity in the study area. 
D) Flightless insects are better suited for the tropics. 
E) This data does not lead to a conclusion.

Question 7

Figure 53.5  
-In the figure above,the labeled groups,which group is displaying Batesian mimicry?

Accepted Answer

A) group A 
B) group B 
C) both groups A and B 
D) none of the above groups 
A) group A 
B) group B 
C) both groups A and B 
D) none of the above groups

Question 8

Figure 53.4  
-What conclusion can you draw from the figure above?

Accepted Answer

A) Without direct contact,mussels can sense the presence of crabs. 
B) Mussels can sense the presence of crabs only visually. 
C) Mussels are increasing their shell thickness in response to water current. 
D) Shell thickness is a non-inducible defense. 
A) Without direct contact,mussels can sense the presence of crabs. 
B) Mussels can sense the presence of crabs only visually. 
C) Mussels are increasing their shell thickness in response to water current. 
D) Shell thickness is a non-inducible defense.

Question 9

Which would be the best way to directly test the hypothesis that C.stellatus (a species of barnacle)is competitively excluded from the lower intertidal zone by B.balanoides (another species of barnacle)?

Accepted Answer

A) Place individuals of each species in a jar and see which species survives. 
B) Remove all B.balanoides from the lower intertidal zone. 
C) Transplant B.balanoides to the upper intertidal zone. 
D) Clear rocks in an entire area and document recolonization events. 
E) Remove all C.stellatus from the upper tidal zone. 
A) Place individuals of each species in a jar and see which species survives. 
B) Remove all B.balanoides from the lower intertidal zone. 
C) Transplant B.balanoides to the upper intertidal zone. 
D) Clear rocks in an entire area and document recolonization events. 
E) Remove all C.stellatus from the upper tidal zone.

Question 10

In biology,a coevolutionary arms race occurs when

Accepted Answer

A) a country develops a new weapon. 
B) a new species evolves into two separate species. 
C) a new niche is created. 
D) a pair of species influences each others' evolution. 
A) a country develops a new weapon. 
B) a new species evolves into two separate species. 
C) a new niche is created. 
D) a pair of species influences each others' evolution.

Question 11

Which of the following is not an example of a mutualism?

Accepted Answer

A) fungi residing in plant roots,such as endomycorrhizae 
B) bacteria fixing nitrogen in plants 
C) rancher ants that protect aphids in exchange for sugar-rich honeydew 
D) birds eating insects jumping out of the path of army ants 
A) fungi residing in plant roots,such as endomycorrhizae 
B) bacteria fixing nitrogen in plants 
C) rancher ants that protect aphids in exchange for sugar-rich honeydew 
D) birds eating insects jumping out of the path of army ants

Question 12

Figure 53.4  
-Based on the figure above,what result would you expect if you replaced the crabs with broken mussel shells?

Accepted Answer

A) the same result as the experiment with crabs 
B) no difference in shell thickness 
C) a higher degree of difference than the crab experiment 
D) impossible to hypothesize 
A) the same result as the experiment with crabs 
B) no difference in shell thickness 
C) a higher degree of difference than the crab experiment 
D) impossible to hypothesize

Question 13

What is the main difference between asymmetric competition and symmetric competition?

Accepted Answer

A) One species is outcompeted completely in asymmetric competition. 
B) Competition is barely measurable in symmetric competition. 
C) The fitness reduction is roughly equal between each species in symmetric competition. 
D) None of the above answers applies. 
A) One species is outcompeted completely in asymmetric competition. 
B) Competition is barely measurable in symmetric competition. 
C) The fitness reduction is roughly equal between each species in symmetric competition. 
D) None of the above answers applies.

Question 14

Figure 53.9  
-In the figure above,which community has the highest species diversity?

Accepted Answer

A) community 1 
B) community 2 
C) community 3 
D) community 4 
A) community 1 
B) community 2 
C) community 3 
D) community 4

Question 15

Which hypothesis supports the observation that herbivores do not generally eat all of the available plants?

Accepted Answer

A) top-down control hypothesis 
B) poor nutrition hypothesis 
C) plant-defense hypothesis 
D) a combination of all of the above 
E) none of the above 
A) top-down control hypothesis 
B) poor nutrition hypothesis 
C) plant-defense hypothesis 
D) a combination of all of the above 
E) none of the above

Question 16

While traveling in Texas,you stumble across a snake with red,yellow,and black bands.You somehow remember that this could be a poisonous coral snake or a harmless milk snake,but you forget how to differentiate them because they both have similar colors and banding patterns.You wisely decide not to pick up the snake.What defense was successful in preventing you from grabbing the snake?

Accepted Answer

A) constitutive defense 
B) Müllerian mimicry 
C) Batesian mimicry 
D) inducible defenses 
E) none of the above 
A) constitutive defense 
B) Müllerian mimicry 
C) Batesian mimicry 
D) inducible defenses 
E) none of the above

Question 17

Some birds follow moving swarms of army ants in the tropics.As the ants march along the forest floor hunting insects and small vertebrates,birds follow and pick off any insects or small vertebrates that fly or jump out of the way of the ants.This is an example of what kind of species interaction?

Accepted Answer

A) competition 
B) consumption 
C) commensalism 
D) parasitism 
E) mutualism 
A) competition 
B) consumption 
C) commensalism 
D) parasitism 
E) mutualism

Question 18

Figure 53.1  
-According to the figure above,which species is more successful in competing for seeds?

Accepted Answer

A) species 1 
B) species 2 
C) These species do not compete for seeds. 
D) This figure does not illustrate which species is more successful. 
A) species 1 
B) species 2 
C) These species do not compete for seeds. 
D) This figure does not illustrate which species is more successful.

Question 19

Which are the only two interaction types to depend on density and effective defense to determine the short-term impact?

Accepted Answer

A) competition and consumption 
B) consumption and parasitism 
C) parasitism and mutualism 
D) mutualism and commensalism 
A) competition and consumption 
B) consumption and parasitism 
C) parasitism and mutualism 
D) mutualism and commensalism

Question 20

Figure 53.11  
-Which of the following statements regarding the figure above is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Immigration rates are higher on smaller islands. 
B) Extinction rates are highest on large islands close to the mainland. 
C) Species richness should be higher on larger islands close to mainland. 
D) Species diversity should be highest on larger islands away from mainland. 
A) Immigration rates are higher on smaller islands. 
B) Extinction rates are highest on large islands close to the mainland. 
C) Species richness should be higher on larger islands close to mainland. 
D) Species diversity should be highest on larger islands away from mainland.

Exam 53: Community Ecology

Which of the following is most likely the main advantage of controlled burnings of forested areas?

Figure 53.2 -What is the term used to describe the process shown in the panels in the figure above?

During succession,tall canopies of maple trees form allowing chipmunks to be better hidden against hawks.This is an example of

Snails typically avoid sunlit areas,but some snails infected with certain parasites become attracted to light and prefer sunlit areas.Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis given the life cycles of many parasites?

In the hypothesis that C.stellatus (a species of barnacle)is competitively excluded from the lower intertidal zone by B.balanoides (another species of barnacle),what could be concluded about the two species?

Figure 53.5 -In the figure above,the labeled groups,which group is displaying Batesian mimicry?

Figure 53.4 -What conclusion can you draw from the figure above?

Which would be the best way to directly test the hypothesis that C.stellatus (a species of barnacle)is competitively excluded from the lower intertidal zone by B.balanoides (another species of barnacle)?

In biology,a coevolutionary arms race occurs when

Which of the following is not an example of a mutualism?

Figure 53.4 -Based on the figure above,what result would you expect if you replaced the crabs with broken mussel shells?

What is the main difference between asymmetric competition and symmetric competition?

Figure 53.9 -In the figure above,which community has the highest species diversity?

Which hypothesis supports the observation that herbivores do not generally eat all of the available plants?

Some birds follow moving swarms of army ants in the tropics.As the ants march along the forest floor hunting insects and small vertebrates,birds follow and pick off any insects or small vertebrates that fly or jump out of the way of the ants.This is an example of what kind of species interaction?

Figure 53.1 -According to the figure above,which species is more successful in competing for seeds?

Which are the only two interaction types to depend on density and effective defense to determine the short-term impact?

Figure 53.11 -Which of the following statements regarding the figure above is true?

Biology and the Tree of Life

Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Lipids, membranes, and the First Cells

Inside the Cell

Cell-Cell Interactions

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

How Genes Work

Transcription, RNA Processing, and Translation

Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Analyzing and Engineering Genes

Genomics

Principles of Development

An Introduction to Animal Development

An Introduction to Plant Development

Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Speciation

Phylogenies and the History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Green Algae and Land Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animals

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

Viruses

Plant Form and Function

Water and Sugar Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Sensory Systems, signals, and Responses

Plant Reproduction

Animal Form and Function

Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange and Circulation

Electrical Signals in Animals

Animal Sensory Systems and Movement

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Reproduction

The Immune System in Animals

An Introduction to Ecology

Behavioural Ecology

Population Ecology

Ecosystems

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

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