Question 1

Why would the researchers study the association between cell death,nitric oxide,and reactive oxygen intermediates?

Accepted Answer

A) to gain insight into how R genes are inherited 
B) to gain insight into how R proteins recognize avr proteins 
C) to gain insight into what happens after R-avr protein binding 
D) to gain insight into how pathogens kill plant cells 
A) to gain insight into how R genes are inherited 
B) to gain insight into how R proteins recognize avr proteins 
C) to gain insight into what happens after R-avr protein binding 
D) to gain insight into how pathogens kill plant cells C

Question 2

Table 39.1  
-Refer to the table above.Why did plant B fail to flower?

Accepted Answer

A) It sensed a nine-hour night. 
B) It sensed a nine-hour day. 
C) Flowering was inhibited by the excess of far-red light. 
D) There was not enough blue-light exposure to trigger flowering. 
A) It sensed a nine-hour night. 
B) It sensed a nine-hour day. 
C) Flowering was inhibited by the excess of far-red light. 
D) There was not enough blue-light exposure to trigger flowering. A

Question 3

The addition of a phosphate group to a protein is called ________,and it usually results in ________.

Accepted Answer

A) dephosphorylation;mutation 
B) phosphorylation;protein activation or inactivation 
C) signal transduction;changes in gene transcription 
D) photoreversibilty;changes in growth patterns 
A) dephosphorylation;mutation 
B) phosphorylation;protein activation or inactivation 
C) signal transduction;changes in gene transcription 
D) photoreversibilty;changes in growth patterns B

Question 4

When Charles and Francis Darwin first documented phototropism,why was it important that they germinated the grass seeds in the dark before beginning the experiment?

Accepted Answer

A) so the young shoots would grow slowly 
B) so the young shoots would grow quickly 
C) so the young shoots would grow straight 
D) so the young shoots would be soft enough to bend 
A) so the young shoots would grow slowly 
B) so the young shoots would grow quickly 
C) so the young shoots would grow straight 
D) so the young shoots would be soft enough to bend

Question 5

Suppose a plant had a nonsense mutation in a gene that encodes for an enzyme required for the synthesis of gibberellic acid.If the plant is homozygous at this locus,what will its phenotype be?

Accepted Answer

A) tall 
B) bushy 
C) short 
D) large fruit 
E) underdeveloped seeds 
A) tall 
B) bushy 
C) short 
D) large fruit 
E) underdeveloped seeds

Question 6

A particular species of virus carries a gene for salicylate hydroxylase,an enzyme that breaks down salicylic acid.Will this virus be more or less virulent to plants than other viruses?

Accepted Answer

A) more 
B) less 
A) more 
B) less

Question 7

Upon exposure to blue light,plants not only begin to grow toward the light,but move their chloroplasts to the sunny side of each cell.Why would it be advantageous to move chloroplasts within cells?

Accepted Answer

A) to maximize light absorption by the chloroplasts for photosynthesis 
B) to add weight to the sunny side of the plant so the plant will bend 
C) to maximize heat absorption by the chloroplasts for cellular respiration 
D) to reduce stomatal opening on the sunny side of the plants 
E) all of the above 
A) to maximize light absorption by the chloroplasts for photosynthesis 
B) to add weight to the sunny side of the plant so the plant will bend 
C) to maximize heat absorption by the chloroplasts for cellular respiration 
D) to reduce stomatal opening on the sunny side of the plants 
E) all of the above

Question 8

How could you test the hypothesis that compounds from the caterpillar alone do not attract parasitoid wasps?

Accepted Answer

A) Have caterpillars feed on different kinds of plants in the presence of the wasps. 
B) Place non-feeding caterpillars in an enclosure with the wasps. 
C) Place intact corn seedlings in an enclosure with the wasps. 
A) Have caterpillars feed on different kinds of plants in the presence of the wasps. 
B) Place non-feeding caterpillars in an enclosure with the wasps. 
C) Place intact corn seedlings in an enclosure with the wasps.

Question 9

If you wanted to genetically engineer a plant to be more resistant to attack by pathogenic bacteria and viruses,which of the following hormones would you manipulate?

Accepted Answer

A) auxin 
B) gibberellins 
C) abscisic acid 
D) ethylene 
E) salicylic acid 
A) auxin 
B) gibberellins 
C) abscisic acid 
D) ethylene 
E) salicylic acid

Question 10

Plant C is a long-day plant.

Accepted Answer

A) true 
B) false 
A) true 
B) false

Question 11

You have discovered a previously unidentified plant,and you cultivate it in your lab.You notice that its flowers close when people are talking,yet are open when the lab is relatively quiet.You suspect that this plant may have the ability to hear! Based on what you know about plant sensation,which of the following hypotheses is the most reasonable to explain this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A) There is a cell-surface protein on the epidermal cells that becomes phosphorylated in response to vibration by sound waves. 
B) There are tiny hairs on epidermal cells that bend in response to the vibration of sound waves,triggering an action potential in epidermal cells. 
C) There is a cell-surface receptor on root cells that becomes phosphorylated when the soil vibrates in response to sound waves. 
D) All of the above answers are correct. 
A) There is a cell-surface protein on the epidermal cells that becomes phosphorylated in response to vibration by sound waves. 
B) There are tiny hairs on epidermal cells that bend in response to the vibration of sound waves,triggering an action potential in epidermal cells. 
C) There is a cell-surface receptor on root cells that becomes phosphorylated when the soil vibrates in response to sound waves. 
D) All of the above answers are correct.

Question 12

Why does auxin move through the plant slower than sucrose does?

Accepted Answer

A) Auxin transport is active (requires energy)while sucrose transport is passive. 
B) Auxin is transported by diffusion while cotransporters are involved in sucrose transport. 
C) Auxin transport through phloem is slower than sucrose transport through parenchyma cells. 
D) Auxin transport through parenchyma cells is slower than sucrose transport through phloem. 
E) Both auxin and sucrose are transported through phloem and parenchyma cells,but auxin is a bigger molecule and moves slower by diffusion. 
A) Auxin transport is active (requires energy)while sucrose transport is passive. 
B) Auxin is transported by diffusion while cotransporters are involved in sucrose transport. 
C) Auxin transport through phloem is slower than sucrose transport through parenchyma cells. 
D) Auxin transport through parenchyma cells is slower than sucrose transport through phloem. 
E) Both auxin and sucrose are transported through phloem and parenchyma cells,but auxin is a bigger molecule and moves slower by diffusion.

Question 13

A certain bacterium infects a plant's upper leaves.A few days later,bacteria of the same species attempt to infect the same plant's roots but are unsuccessful.What process is responsible for the plant's ability to prevent this infection?

Accepted Answer

A) antivirulence response 
B) pathogenesis resistance 
C) systemic acquired resistance 
D) sequential immunity 
E) none of the above 
A) antivirulence response 
B) pathogenesis resistance 
C) systemic acquired resistance 
D) sequential immunity 
E) none of the above

Question 14

What will a plant sensitive to touch or vibration look like when it is repeatedly touched or exposed to wind?

Accepted Answer

A) It will be tall and spindly. 
B) It will be tall and stocky. 
C) It will be shorter and stockier. 
D) It will be short and spindly. 
A) It will be tall and spindly. 
B) It will be tall and stocky. 
C) It will be shorter and stockier. 
D) It will be short and spindly.

Question 15

Table 39.1  
-Refer to the table above.How would Plant A be classified?

Accepted Answer

A) long day 
B) short day 
C) day-neutral 
A) long day 
B) short day 
C) day-neutral

Question 16

Ethylene's role in the shade avoidance response in tobacco plants is related to its role in fruit ripening,leaf abscission,and senescence.

Accepted Answer

A) true 
B) false 
A) true 
B) false

Question 17

Shoots that grow vertically toward the sun can be characterized as

Accepted Answer

A) positively phototropic and negatively gravitropic. 
B) positively phototropic and positively gravitropic. 
C) negatively phototropic and negatively gravitropic. 
D) negatively phototropic and positively gravitropic. 
A) positively phototropic and negatively gravitropic. 
B) positively phototropic and positively gravitropic. 
C) negatively phototropic and negatively gravitropic. 
D) negatively phototropic and positively gravitropic.

Question 18

A caterpillar eats a leaf of a plant.The next day it crawls to a nearby leaf to eat.But after eating the second leaf,the caterpillar gets very sick and falls off the plant.Which of the following molecules were involved in the plant's ability to defend itself against the second attack?

Accepted Answer

A) proteinase inhibitors 
B) systemin 
C) jasmonic acid 
D) all of the above 
E) A and C only 
A) proteinase inhibitors 
B) systemin 
C) jasmonic acid 
D) all of the above 
E) A and C only

Question 19

You have a bush in your yard that is the height that you want it,but not as bushy as you want it to be.How can you prune it to trigger it to get bushier?

Accepted Answer

A) Cut off the leaves at the ends of several branches. 
B) Cut off the tips of the main shoots. 
C) Cut off lower branches. 
D) Cut some of the higher branches off at the stem. 
E) Cut off the leaves at the base of most of the branches. 
A) Cut off the leaves at the ends of several branches. 
B) Cut off the tips of the main shoots. 
C) Cut off lower branches. 
D) Cut some of the higher branches off at the stem. 
E) Cut off the leaves at the base of most of the branches.

Question 20

Figure 39.2  
-Suppose you laid a seedling on its side so that the root was parallel to the ground.Several hours after the change in position,where in the root cells (position A,B,or C in the figure above)would you find the amyloplasts?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C

Exam 39: Plant Sensory Systems, signals, and Responses

Why would the researchers study the association between cell death,nitric oxide,and reactive oxygen intermediates?

Table 39.1 -Refer to the table above.Why did plant B fail to flower?

The addition of a phosphate group to a protein is called ________,and it usually results in ________.

When Charles and Francis Darwin first documented phototropism,why was it important that they germinated the grass seeds in the dark before beginning the experiment?

Suppose a plant had a nonsense mutation in a gene that encodes for an enzyme required for the synthesis of gibberellic acid.If the plant is homozygous at this locus,what will its phenotype be?

A particular species of virus carries a gene for salicylate hydroxylase,an enzyme that breaks down salicylic acid.Will this virus be more or less virulent to plants than other viruses?

Upon exposure to blue light,plants not only begin to grow toward the light,but move their chloroplasts to the sunny side of each cell.Why would it be advantageous to move chloroplasts within cells?

How could you test the hypothesis that compounds from the caterpillar alone do not attract parasitoid wasps?

If you wanted to genetically engineer a plant to be more resistant to attack by pathogenic bacteria and viruses,which of the following hormones would you manipulate?

Plant C is a long-day plant.

Why does auxin move through the plant slower than sucrose does?

A certain bacterium infects a plant's upper leaves.A few days later,bacteria of the same species attempt to infect the same plant's roots but are unsuccessful.What process is responsible for the plant's ability to prevent this infection?

What will a plant sensitive to touch or vibration look like when it is repeatedly touched or exposed to wind?

Table 39.1 -Refer to the table above.How would Plant A be classified?

Ethylene's role in the shade avoidance response in tobacco plants is related to its role in fruit ripening,leaf abscission,and senescence.

Shoots that grow vertically toward the sun can be characterized as

A caterpillar eats a leaf of a plant.The next day it crawls to a nearby leaf to eat.But after eating the second leaf,the caterpillar gets very sick and falls off the plant.Which of the following molecules were involved in the plant's ability to defend itself against the second attack?

You have a bush in your yard that is the height that you want it,but not as bushy as you want it to be.How can you prune it to trigger it to get bushier?

Figure 39.2 -Suppose you laid a seedling on its side so that the root was parallel to the ground.Several hours after the change in position,where in the root cells (position A,B,or C in the figure above)would you find the amyloplasts?

Biology and the Tree of Life

Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Lipids, membranes, and the First Cells

Inside the Cell

Cell-Cell Interactions

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

How Genes Work

Transcription, RNA Processing, and Translation

Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Analyzing and Engineering Genes

Genomics

Principles of Development

An Introduction to Animal Development

An Introduction to Plant Development

Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Speciation

Phylogenies and the History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Green Algae and Land Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animals

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

Viruses

Plant Form and Function

Water and Sugar Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Reproduction

Animal Form and Function

Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange and Circulation

Electrical Signals in Animals

Animal Sensory Systems and Movement

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Reproduction

The Immune System in Animals

An Introduction to Ecology

Behavioural Ecology

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Filters

The addition of a phosphate group to a protein is called ,and it usually results in .