Question 1

Which of the following characteristics evolved independently in mammals and birds?

Accepted Answer

A) bilateral symmetry 
B) amniotic eggs 
C) jaws 
D) bone 
E) endothermy 
A) bilateral symmetry 
B) amniotic eggs 
C) jaws 
D) bone 
E) endothermy E

Question 2

Why do skates and rays have flattened bodies,while sharks are torpedo shaped?

Accepted Answer

A) Sharks have a strong cartilaginous skeleton that helps them maintain a tubular shape,while skates and rays lack such a skeleton. 
B) Sharks are more closely related to the tubelike lampreys than skates and rays are. 
C) Skates and rays need enlarged pectoral fins to help them stay level in turbulent water,while sharks do not. 
D) Skates and rays exchange gases across their skin and,thus,require a high surface-area-to-volume ratio,while sharks use gills to respire. 
E) Sharks are streamlined for active hunting,while skates and rays wait on the ocean bed to ambush prey. 
A) Sharks have a strong cartilaginous skeleton that helps them maintain a tubular shape,while skates and rays lack such a skeleton. 
B) Sharks are more closely related to the tubelike lampreys than skates and rays are. 
C) Skates and rays need enlarged pectoral fins to help them stay level in turbulent water,while sharks do not. 
D) Skates and rays exchange gases across their skin and,thus,require a high surface-area-to-volume ratio,while sharks use gills to respire. 
E) Sharks are streamlined for active hunting,while skates and rays wait on the ocean bed to ambush prey. E

Question 3

The hypothesis that birds evolved from dinosaurs is potentially confusing because dinosaurs-at least the ones thought to be the ancestors of birds-did not fly.Why do biologists still hold to this hypothesis despite this point?

Accepted Answer

A) Feathers in dinosaurs are believed to have served as insulation. 
B) Dinosaurs may have used feathers to attract mates. 
C) Dinosaurs may have used feathers as an aggressive display to ward off enemies. 
D) All of the above are supporting evidence for this hypothesis. 
A) Feathers in dinosaurs are believed to have served as insulation. 
B) Dinosaurs may have used feathers to attract mates. 
C) Dinosaurs may have used feathers as an aggressive display to ward off enemies. 
D) All of the above are supporting evidence for this hypothesis. D

Question 4

Mammals and birds have similar insulating skin coverings (fur/hair and feathers)because of

Accepted Answer

A) shared ancestry. 
B) convergent evolution. 
C) none of the above. 
A) shared ancestry. 
B) convergent evolution. 
C) none of the above.

Question 5

Mammals and birds eat more often than reptiles.Which of the following traits shared by mammals and birds best explains this habit?

Accepted Answer

A) endothermy 
B) ectothermy 
C) insulating body cover 
D) having a notochord 
E) terrestrial 
A) endothermy 
B) ectothermy 
C) insulating body cover 
D) having a notochord 
E) terrestrial

Question 6

Which one of these groups does not belong to the phylum Echinodermata?

Accepted Answer

A) sea cucumber 
B) sea urchins 
C) lancelets 
D) basket stars 
E) sand dollars 
A) sea cucumber 
B) sea urchins 
C) lancelets 
D) basket stars 
E) sand dollars

Question 7

If you were trying to identify an unknown adult animal that must be either an echinoderm or chordate,which morphological feature(s)would guarantee that your organism was an echinoderm rather than a chordate?

Accepted Answer

A) a fluid-filled vascular system 
B) a radially symmetrical body plan 
C) a calcium-based endoskeleton 
D) B or C 
E) A,B,or C 
A) a fluid-filled vascular system 
B) a radially symmetrical body plan 
C) a calcium-based endoskeleton 
D) B or C 
E) A,B,or C

Question 8

How does a swim bladder help the ray-finned fishes maintain buoyancy?

Accepted Answer

A) It removes water from the digestive tract. 
B) It removes oxygen from the water and stores it. 
C) Gas is added to the bladder as the fish's depth increases. 
D) Gas is removed from the bladder as the fish's depth increases. 
E) It adds and removes salt from the water stored in the bladder,which changes its density and,thus,its buoyancy. 
A) It removes water from the digestive tract. 
B) It removes oxygen from the water and stores it. 
C) Gas is added to the bladder as the fish's depth increases. 
D) Gas is removed from the bladder as the fish's depth increases. 
E) It adds and removes salt from the water stored in the bladder,which changes its density and,thus,its buoyancy.

Question 9

Which of the following characteristics would not be helpful in distinguishing between a hagfish and a lamprey?

Accepted Answer

A) presence or absence of a rasping tongue 
B) presence or absence of fins 
C) presence or absence of cartilage along a dorsal hollow nerve cord 
D) feeding tactics 
E) All of the above would be helpful in distinguishing these two groups. 
A) presence or absence of a rasping tongue 
B) presence or absence of fins 
C) presence or absence of cartilage along a dorsal hollow nerve cord 
D) feeding tactics 
E) All of the above would be helpful in distinguishing these two groups.

Question 10

What would be the result(s)if a hemichordate's pharyngeal gill slits were suddenly blocked?

Accepted Answer

A) The organism would have trouble respiring. 
B) The organism would have trouble feeding. 
C) The organism would have trouble seeing. 
D) A and B 
E) A and C 
A) The organism would have trouble respiring. 
B) The organism would have trouble feeding. 
C) The organism would have trouble seeing. 
D) A and B 
E) A and C

Question 11

In what way are monotremes similar to more ancestral chordate lineages,as opposed to more recently evolved mammals?

Accepted Answer

A) Monotremes lay eggs;other mammals bear live young. 
B) Monotremes perform little parental care;other mammals use lactation to feed offspring. 
C) Monotremes do not have jaws;other mammals do. 
D) Monotremes exchange gases through their skin;other mammals use lungs. 
E) Monotremes perform external fertilization;other mammals perform internal fertilization. 
A) Monotremes lay eggs;other mammals bear live young. 
B) Monotremes perform little parental care;other mammals use lactation to feed offspring. 
C) Monotremes do not have jaws;other mammals do. 
D) Monotremes exchange gases through their skin;other mammals use lungs. 
E) Monotremes perform external fertilization;other mammals perform internal fertilization.

Question 12

Why do adult urochordates (tunicates)lack notochords,even though larval urochordates have them?

Accepted Answer

A) Larvae use notochords to aid in swimming;adults are sessile and,thus,no longer need notochords. 
B) Larvae use notochords to stiffen their bodies;in adults,the notochord is replaced by a column of bone. 
C) Larvae use notochords to induce tissue differentiation;in adults,tissue is already differentiated. 
D) Larvae use notochords to organize their nervous systems;adults' nervous systems are fully developed and do not change. 
A) Larvae use notochords to aid in swimming;adults are sessile and,thus,no longer need notochords. 
B) Larvae use notochords to stiffen their bodies;in adults,the notochord is replaced by a column of bone. 
C) Larvae use notochords to induce tissue differentiation;in adults,tissue is already differentiated. 
D) Larvae use notochords to organize their nervous systems;adults' nervous systems are fully developed and do not change.

Question 13

If a kelp farmer wanted to maximize her harvest,which type of echinoderm would she be most concerned about in the habitat?

Accepted Answer

A) sand dollars 
B) brittle stars 
C) sea stars 
D) sea urchins 
E) sea cucumbers 
A) sand dollars 
B) brittle stars 
C) sea stars 
D) sea urchins 
E) sea cucumbers

Question 14

Suppose you traveled back in time and located the first animals to have developed feathers.You found that these animals were ground-dwelling ectotherms,able to run quickly,but unable to fly or even glide.You also noticed that males of the species had no feathers at all,while females had bright blue feathers covering their tails.Which hypothesis of feather evolution would these data most support?

Accepted Answer

A) Feathers initially evolved to aid in flight. 
B) Feathers initially evolved as a form of insulation. 
C) Feathers initially evolved for use in courtship displays. 
D) All of the above apply. 
A) Feathers initially evolved to aid in flight. 
B) Feathers initially evolved as a form of insulation. 
C) Feathers initially evolved for use in courtship displays. 
D) All of the above apply.

Question 15

It is believed that the coelacanths and lungfish represent a crucial link between other fishes and tetrapods.What is the major feature in these fish in support of this hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A) They produce amniotic eggs. 
B) They have fins with a skeletal and muscular structure similar to tetrapod limbs. 
C) They have highly evolved nervous and circulatory systems like most tetrapods. 
D) They move onto land to eat and lay their eggs. 
E) They enter a hibernative stage when food is scarce,as many tetrapods do. 
A) They produce amniotic eggs. 
B) They have fins with a skeletal and muscular structure similar to tetrapod limbs. 
C) They have highly evolved nervous and circulatory systems like most tetrapods. 
D) They move onto land to eat and lay their eggs. 
E) They enter a hibernative stage when food is scarce,as many tetrapods do.

Question 16

In an amniotic egg,where is the embryo found?

Accepted Answer

A) just inside the outer shell or membrane 
B) just outside the membrane containing the albumen 
C) directly within the albumen 
D) inside the amnion 
A) just inside the outer shell or membrane 
B) just outside the membrane containing the albumen 
C) directly within the albumen 
D) inside the amnion

Question 17

Which of the following do the prosimians and the anthropoids NOT have in common?

Accepted Answer

A) number of limbs 
B) a "human-like" appearance 
C) opposable thumbs 
D) eyes on the front of the face 
E) large brains relative to body size 
A) number of limbs 
B) a "human-like" appearance 
C) opposable thumbs 
D) eyes on the front of the face 
E) large brains relative to body size

Question 18

How are hemichordates,urochordates,and cephalochordates similar?

Accepted Answer

A) All have motile larvae that become sessile adults. 
B) All have pharyngeal gill slits at some point during development. 
C) All produce amniotic eggs. 
D) All have an endoskeleton of either bone or cartilage. 
E) All have a notochord at some point during development. 
A) All have motile larvae that become sessile adults. 
B) All have pharyngeal gill slits at some point during development. 
C) All produce amniotic eggs. 
D) All have an endoskeleton of either bone or cartilage. 
E) All have a notochord at some point during development.

Question 19

What is the best evidence currently available that tetrapod limbs evolved from fish fins?

Accepted Answer

A) These structures are located in similar places on these animals. 
B) Molecular genetic evidence reveals regulatory enzymes that are homologous in fish and tetrapods. 
C) There are enough transitional species available to make the link obvious. 
D) Fish and tetrapods have many similarities-including reproductive and feeding tactics-that support the link. 
E) None of the above currently support the conclusion that tetrapods evolved from fish. 
A) These structures are located in similar places on these animals. 
B) Molecular genetic evidence reveals regulatory enzymes that are homologous in fish and tetrapods. 
C) There are enough transitional species available to make the link obvious. 
D) Fish and tetrapods have many similarities-including reproductive and feeding tactics-that support the link. 
E) None of the above currently support the conclusion that tetrapods evolved from fish.

Question 20

What group of mammals have (a)embryos that spend more time feeding through the placenta than the mother's nipples,(b)young that feed on milk,and (c)a prolonged period of maternal care after leaving the placenta?

Accepted Answer

A) Eutheria 
B) Marsupiala 
C) Monotremata 
D) all of the above 
A) Eutheria 
B) Marsupiala 
C) Monotremata 
D) all of the above

Exam 34: Deuterostome Animals

Which of the following characteristics evolved independently in mammals and birds?

Why do skates and rays have flattened bodies,while sharks are torpedo shaped?

The hypothesis that birds evolved from dinosaurs is potentially confusing because dinosaurs-at least the ones thought to be the ancestors of birds-did not fly.Why do biologists still hold to this hypothesis despite this point?

Mammals and birds have similar insulating skin coverings (fur/hair and feathers)because of

Mammals and birds eat more often than reptiles.Which of the following traits shared by mammals and birds best explains this habit?

Which one of these groups does not belong to the phylum Echinodermata?

If you were trying to identify an unknown adult animal that must be either an echinoderm or chordate,which morphological feature(s)would guarantee that your organism was an echinoderm rather than a chordate?

How does a swim bladder help the ray-finned fishes maintain buoyancy?

Which of the following characteristics would not be helpful in distinguishing between a hagfish and a lamprey?

What would be the result(s)if a hemichordate's pharyngeal gill slits were suddenly blocked?

In what way are monotremes similar to more ancestral chordate lineages,as opposed to more recently evolved mammals?

Why do adult urochordates (tunicates)lack notochords,even though larval urochordates have them?

If a kelp farmer wanted to maximize her harvest,which type of echinoderm would she be most concerned about in the habitat?

It is believed that the coelacanths and lungfish represent a crucial link between other fishes and tetrapods.What is the major feature in these fish in support of this hypothesis?

In an amniotic egg,where is the embryo found?

Which of the following do the prosimians and the anthropoids NOT have in common?

How are hemichordates,urochordates,and cephalochordates similar?

What is the best evidence currently available that tetrapod limbs evolved from fish fins?

What group of mammals have (a)embryos that spend more time feeding through the placenta than the mother's nipples,(b)young that feed on milk,and (c)a prolonged period of maternal care after leaving the placenta?

Biology and the Tree of Life

Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Lipids, membranes, and the First Cells

Inside the Cell

Cell-Cell Interactions

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

How Genes Work

Transcription, RNA Processing, and Translation

Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Analyzing and Engineering Genes

Genomics

Principles of Development

An Introduction to Animal Development

An Introduction to Plant Development

Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Speciation

Phylogenies and the History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Green Algae and Land Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animals

Protostome Animals

Viruses

Plant Form and Function

Water and Sugar Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Sensory Systems, signals, and Responses

Plant Reproduction

Animal Form and Function

Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange and Circulation

Electrical Signals in Animals

Animal Sensory Systems and Movement

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Reproduction

The Immune System in Animals

An Introduction to Ecology

Behavioural Ecology

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

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