Question 1

Explain why it is possible for big old hollow trees to live and grow for many years,still producing green leaves.

Accepted Answer

The center of a tree has accumulated many secondary compounds and is no longer active in transport of water and sugars.Only the outermost wood and innermost bark are still transporting water and sugars.

Question 2

Two lateral meristems in plants are

Accepted Answer

A) vascular cambium,producing cork;cork cambium,producing secondary phloem. 
B) vascular cambium,producing secondary xylem;cork cambium,producing secondary phloem. 
C) vascular cambium,producing secondary xylem;cork cambium,producing cork. 
D) vascular cambium,producing secondary phloem;cork cambium,producing secondary xylem. 
A) vascular cambium,producing cork;cork cambium,producing secondary phloem. 
B) vascular cambium,producing secondary xylem;cork cambium,producing secondary phloem. 
C) vascular cambium,producing secondary xylem;cork cambium,producing cork. 
D) vascular cambium,producing secondary phloem;cork cambium,producing secondary xylem. C

Question 3

What is not a function of modified leaves?

Accepted Answer

A) trapping and digesting insects for an additional nutrient source 
B) wrapping around structures for support 
C) attracting pollinating insects with their bright colors 
D) absorbing oxygen for photosynthesis 
E) storing nutrients and water 
A) trapping and digesting insects for an additional nutrient source 
B) wrapping around structures for support 
C) attracting pollinating insects with their bright colors 
D) absorbing oxygen for photosynthesis 
E) storing nutrients and water D

Question 4

Where are the youngest wood and the youngest bark in a tree trunk?

Accepted Answer

A) The youngest wood is in the center of a tree;the youngest bark is the outside of the bark. 
B) The youngest wood is in the center of a tree;the youngest bark is the inner part,next to the vascular cambium. 
C) The youngest wood is toward the outside,near the vascular cambium;youngest bark is the outside of the bark. 
D) The youngest wood is toward the outside,near the vascular cambium;youngest bark is the inner part,next to the vascular cambium. 
A) The youngest wood is in the center of a tree;the youngest bark is the outside of the bark. 
B) The youngest wood is in the center of a tree;the youngest bark is the inner part,next to the vascular cambium. 
C) The youngest wood is toward the outside,near the vascular cambium;youngest bark is the outside of the bark. 
D) The youngest wood is toward the outside,near the vascular cambium;youngest bark is the inner part,next to the vascular cambium.

Question 5

Where is primary growth occurring in an old tree?

Accepted Answer

A) nowhere;trees have only secondary growth 
B) closest to ground level at the base of the tree 
C) in young branches where leaves are forming 
D) where the vascular cambium and cork cambium are 
A) nowhere;trees have only secondary growth 
B) closest to ground level at the base of the tree 
C) in young branches where leaves are forming 
D) where the vascular cambium and cork cambium are

Question 6

Which of these structure-function pairs is correct?

Accepted Answer

A) stomata-protect against pathogens 
B) trichomes-secrete the waxy cuticle 
C) cuticle-inhibits water loss and pathogen entry 
D) wax-makes leaf slippery so insects skid off 
E) guard cells-prevent insects from laying eggs on leaves 
A) stomata-protect against pathogens 
B) trichomes-secrete the waxy cuticle 
C) cuticle-inhibits water loss and pathogen entry 
D) wax-makes leaf slippery so insects skid off 
E) guard cells-prevent insects from laying eggs on leaves

Question 7

Apical meristems of dicots are at the tips of stems.Apical meristems of grasses are at ground level or slightly below,concealed by the leaves.The leaves also have an intercalary meristem at their bases.What does this mean when considering care of a lawn or soccer field?

Accepted Answer

A) If you mow right at ground level,the leaves can keep growing with no problem. 
B) Grass mowed 2 inches above ground level grows at a slower rate compared to grass mowed 3 inches above the ground level. 
C) If you mow 2 inches above ground level,most apical meristems will be cut down. 
D) If you mow 2 inches above ground level,both the apical and intercalary meristems can keep producing new cells. 
A) If you mow right at ground level,the leaves can keep growing with no problem. 
B) Grass mowed 2 inches above ground level grows at a slower rate compared to grass mowed 3 inches above the ground level. 
C) If you mow 2 inches above ground level,most apical meristems will be cut down. 
D) If you mow 2 inches above ground level,both the apical and intercalary meristems can keep producing new cells.

Question 8

The veins of leaves are

Accepted Answer

A) composed of xylem and phloem. 
B) continuous with vascular bundles in the stem and roots. 
C) finely branched to be in close contact with photosynthesizing cells. 
D) all of the above. 
A) composed of xylem and phloem. 
B) continuous with vascular bundles in the stem and roots. 
C) finely branched to be in close contact with photosynthesizing cells. 
D) all of the above.

Question 9

The main source of water necessary for photosynthesis to occur in the leaf mesophyll is

Accepted Answer

A) soil via the xylem. 
B) soil via the phloem. 
C) the atmosphere through the cuticle and stomata. 
D) all of the above. 
A) soil via the xylem. 
B) soil via the phloem. 
C) the atmosphere through the cuticle and stomata. 
D) all of the above.

Question 10

What is present in a shoot apical meristem region?

Accepted Answer

A) the region of cell division 
B) immature buds and leaves 
C) the potential growth for the growing season 
D) all of the above 
A) the region of cell division 
B) immature buds and leaves 
C) the potential growth for the growing season 
D) all of the above

Question 11

What is the advantage of having small,needlelike leaves?

Accepted Answer

A) increase in transpiration rate 
B) decrease in transpiration rate 
C) increased efficiency of light capture 
D) decreased efficiency of light capture 
E) better protection against insects and herbivore 
A) increase in transpiration rate 
B) decrease in transpiration rate 
C) increased efficiency of light capture 
D) decreased efficiency of light capture 
E) better protection against insects and herbivore

Question 12

What part of the root is responsible for water and nutrient absorption?

Accepted Answer

A) root cap 
B) mucigel 
C) zone of cellular division 
D) zone of cellular elongation 
E) zone of cellular maturation 
A) root cap 
B) mucigel 
C) zone of cellular division 
D) zone of cellular elongation 
E) zone of cellular maturation

Question 13

What is true about plant meristematic cells?

Accepted Answer

A) They are distributed evenly in all tissues throughout the plant. 
B) They are undifferentiated cells that produce new cells. 
C) They produce outgrowths called root hairs. 
D) They subdivided into three distinct cell types named parenchyma,collenchyma,or sclerenchyma. 
E) They are the main cells involved with transpiration. 
A) They are distributed evenly in all tissues throughout the plant. 
B) They are undifferentiated cells that produce new cells. 
C) They produce outgrowths called root hairs. 
D) They subdivided into three distinct cell types named parenchyma,collenchyma,or sclerenchyma. 
E) They are the main cells involved with transpiration.

Question 14

Which of these statements is not true about plant sclerenchyma cells?

Accepted Answer

A) They can be gritty stone cells in pears and hard cells in nutshells. 
B) Long fibers are used in products such as hemp rope,linen,ramie,and paper. 
C) Their cell walls contain lignin in addition to cellulose. 
D) They are the main support and water-transport cells in woody plants. 
E) Like parenchyma and collenchyma,they all contain cytoplasm at maturity. 
A) They can be gritty stone cells in pears and hard cells in nutshells. 
B) Long fibers are used in products such as hemp rope,linen,ramie,and paper. 
C) Their cell walls contain lignin in addition to cellulose. 
D) They are the main support and water-transport cells in woody plants. 
E) Like parenchyma and collenchyma,they all contain cytoplasm at maturity.

Question 15

Which of these actions describes secondary growth?

Accepted Answer

A) growth in height 
B) development of leaves and flowers 
C) growth of herbaceous tissue 
D) development of wood and bark 
E) development of fruit 
A) growth in height 
B) development of leaves and flowers 
C) growth of herbaceous tissue 
D) development of wood and bark 
E) development of fruit

Question 16

In 2005,a spot 1 centimeter from the center of a woody stem is in the bark.In what tissue will the same spot (1 cm from the center)be in 2050?

Accepted Answer

A) bark 
B) secondary phloem 
C) vascular cambium 
D) secondary xylem 
E) impossible to tell 
A) bark 
B) secondary phloem 
C) vascular cambium 
D) secondary xylem 
E) impossible to tell

Question 17

In an annual ring,the first-formed cells in the spring are large;the ring looks light because you are seeing open cavities of the tracheids (and vessel elements).The darker part of the annual ring is wood formed in the summer,and the diameter of the cells formed is smaller.Which kind of wood is probably stronger? Why? Where is the fall and winter wood?

Accepted Answer

Summer wood is probably strong

Question 18

In a meristematic region,the cell plate during mitosis is perpendicular to the side of the stem.In what direction will the stem grow?

Accepted Answer

A) laterally in width 
B) vertically in height 
A) laterally in width 
B) vertically in height

Question 19

Which of the following structure-function pairs is correct?

Accepted Answer

A) chloroplasts-give shape and support to the cell 
B) plasmodesmata-store pigments and fluids 
C) cell walls-help support plants 
D) vacuoles-link one cell to another 
E) pigments-digest waste products 
A) chloroplasts-give shape and support to the cell 
B) plasmodesmata-store pigments and fluids 
C) cell walls-help support plants 
D) vacuoles-link one cell to another 
E) pigments-digest waste products

Question 20

When comparing root systems of plants growing on a square foot in a corn field and on a meadow,what result do you expect to receive?

Accepted Answer

A) The overall mass of roots will be identical in a cornfield and on a meadow. 
B) The mass and length of roots in a cornfield will be higher because soil is fertilized. 
C) The mass and length of roots on a meadow will be higher because soil is poorer and there is higher diversity of plants. 
D) The overall mass of roots on a meadow will be lower,but the length will be higher since roots need to grow deeper to reach nutrients. 
A) The overall mass of roots will be identical in a cornfield and on a meadow. 
B) The mass and length of roots in a cornfield will be higher because soil is fertilized. 
C) The mass and length of roots on a meadow will be higher because soil is poorer and there is higher diversity of plants. 
D) The overall mass of roots on a meadow will be lower,but the length will be higher since roots need to grow deeper to reach nutrients.

Exam 36: Plant Form and Function

Explain why it is possible for big old hollow trees to live and grow for many years,still producing green leaves.

Two lateral meristems in plants are

What is not a function of modified leaves?

Where are the youngest wood and the youngest bark in a tree trunk?

Where is primary growth occurring in an old tree?

Which of these structure-function pairs is correct?

Apical meristems of dicots are at the tips of stems.Apical meristems of grasses are at ground level or slightly below,concealed by the leaves.The leaves also have an intercalary meristem at their bases.What does this mean when considering care of a lawn or soccer field?

The veins of leaves are

The main source of water necessary for photosynthesis to occur in the leaf mesophyll is

What is present in a shoot apical meristem region?

What is the advantage of having small,needlelike leaves?

What part of the root is responsible for water and nutrient absorption?

What is true about plant meristematic cells?

Which of these statements is not true about plant sclerenchyma cells?

Which of these actions describes secondary growth?

In 2005,a spot 1 centimeter from the center of a woody stem is in the bark.In what tissue will the same spot (1 cm from the center)be in 2050?

In a meristematic region,the cell plate during mitosis is perpendicular to the side of the stem.In what direction will the stem grow?

Which of the following structure-function pairs is correct?

When comparing root systems of plants growing on a square foot in a corn field and on a meadow,what result do you expect to receive?

Biology and the Tree of Life

Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Lipids, membranes, and the First Cells

Inside the Cell

Cell-Cell Interactions

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

How Genes Work

Transcription, RNA Processing, and Translation

Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Analyzing and Engineering Genes

Genomics

Principles of Development

An Introduction to Animal Development

An Introduction to Plant Development

Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Speciation

Phylogenies and the History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Green Algae and Land Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animals

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

Viruses

Water and Sugar Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Sensory Systems, signals, and Responses

Plant Reproduction

Animal Form and Function

Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange and Circulation

Electrical Signals in Animals

Animal Sensory Systems and Movement

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Reproduction

The Immune System in Animals

An Introduction to Ecology

Behavioural Ecology

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Filters