Exam 15: How Genes Work

Figure 15.5 -Refer to Figure 15.4.Homocystinuria is a genetic disorder that results from a defect in one of the enzymes of the metabolic pathway shown.The gene for which enzyme/molecule is most likely defective?

Once researchers identified DNA as the unit of inheritance,they asked how information was transferred from the DNA in the nucleus to the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm.What is the mechanism of information transfer?

Which of the following is NOT synthesized from a DNA template?

Figure 15.6 Use the figure to answer the following question(s). -All three domains (Bacteria,Archaea,and Eukarya)follow the same genetic code.Which of the following statements would most likely be accurate given that information?

According to the central dogma,what molecule should go in the blank? DNA → ________ → Proteins

Figure 15.6 Use the figure to answer the following question(s). -Refer to Figure 15.5.Transfer RNA contains the anticodon XXX (three-base sequence that is complementary to the mRNA codon).tRNA with which anticodon would transport phenylalanine to the ribosome?

Which of the following contradicts the "one-gene,one-enzyme hypothesis"?

In the process of transcription,

The HIV virus that causes AIDS is a retrovirus.What is a retrovirus?

Figure 15.2 -Refer to Figure 15.2.A branched metabolic pathway synthesizes two related amino acids (D and A)Supplement intermediate B. B)Supplement intermediate C. C)Add enzyme 2 to the medium. D)Supplement with intermediate E. F))If there is a genetic defect,resulting in a nonfunctional enzyme (3),how could you ensure that adequate amounts of the amino acid F are synthesized?

Which of the following observations may have resulted in the hypothesis that a codon is made up of three bases?

Figure 15.6 Use the figure to answer the following question(s). -Refer to Figure 15.5.If the codon CAC was present in the ribosome A site,which amino acid would be added?

The proteome is all the proteins produced by an organism.The genome is the totality of all genes of an organism.If the proteome is much larger than the genome,which of the following statements would be accurate?

What does it mean when we say the genetic code is redundant?

Figure 15.3 Above is a metabolic pathway for the synthesis of an amino acid (E), without which an organism could not live. Enzymes are represented by numbers, and substrates by letters. Use this figure for the next two questions. -According to the figure above,if enzyme 3 was nonfunctional in an organism,which of the following outcomes would you predict?

Homogentisic acid would accumulate under which of the following conditions?

Knockout mice have been genetically altered to knock out specific genes.How are these mice most often used in research?

What feature makes organisms less vulnerable to small mutations in DNA replication that are not corrected?

Figure 15.3 Above is a metabolic pathway for the synthesis of an amino acid (E), without which an organism could not live. Enzymes are represented by numbers, and substrates by letters. Use this figure for the next two questions. -Refer to the figure above.If an organism is given E in their diet,they survive.However,if the same organism is given only substrate A,B,C,or D in their diet,they die.Which of the enzymes is most likely defective?

Figure 15.4 -Given the DNA template shown above,which of the following bases would you find in a complementary RNA strand?