Question 1

Which of the following statements does not accurately describe the pericardium?

Accepted Answer

A) It is a double-walled membranous sac that encloses the heart. 
B) It is composed of connective tissue and a surface layer of squamous cells. 
C) It protects the heart against infection and inflammation from the lungs and pleural space. 
D) It contains pain and mechanoreceptors that can elicit reflex changes in blood pressure and heart rate. 
A) It is a double-walled membranous sac that encloses the heart. 
B) It is composed of connective tissue and a surface layer of squamous cells. 
C) It protects the heart against infection and inflammation from the lungs and pleural space. 
D) It contains pain and mechanoreceptors that can elicit reflex changes in blood pressure and heart rate.

Question 2

As stated by the Frank-Starling law, there is a direct relationship between the _____ of the blood in the heart at the end of diastole and the _____ of contraction during the next systole.

Accepted Answer

A) pressure; force 
B) volume; strength 
C) viscosity; force 
D) viscosity; strength 
A) pressure; force 
B) volume; strength 
C) viscosity; force 
D) viscosity; strength

Question 3

The coronary sinus empties into the:

Accepted Answer

A) right atrium. 
B) left atrium. 
C) superior vena cava. 
D) aorta. 
A) right atrium. 
B) left atrium. 
C) superior vena cava. 
D) aorta.

Question 4

Myogenic regulation of blood vessel diameter and subsequent blood flow through a vessel is an example of _____ of blood vessels.

Accepted Answer

A) autonomic regulation 
B) somatic regulation 
C) autoregulation 
D) metabolic regulation 
A) autonomic regulation 
B) somatic regulation 
C) autoregulation 
D) metabolic regulation

Question 5

The cardiac electrical impulse normally begins spontaneously in the sinoatrial (SA) node because:

Accepted Answer

A) of its superior location in the right atrium. 
B) it is the only area of the heart capable of spontaneous depolarization. 
C) it has rich sympathetic innervation via the vagus nerve. 
D) it depolarizes more rapidly than other automatic cells of the heart. 
A) of its superior location in the right atrium. 
B) it is the only area of the heart capable of spontaneous depolarization. 
C) it has rich sympathetic innervation via the vagus nerve. 
D) it depolarizes more rapidly than other automatic cells of the heart.

Question 6

The aortic valve obstructs coronary blood flow by pushing against the openings of the coronary arteries during systole.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The function of P cells found in the sinoatrial node and Purkinje fibers is that they:

Accepted Answer

A) are receptors for pain stimuli, such as the pain that occurs during infarction. 
B) prolong the refractory period before the next contraction. 
C) are assumed to be the site of impulse formation. 
D) initiate repolarization of the myocardium. 
A) are receptors for pain stimuli, such as the pain that occurs during infarction. 
B) prolong the refractory period before the next contraction. 
C) are assumed to be the site of impulse formation. 
D) initiate repolarization of the myocardium.

Question 8

When the volume of blood in the ventricle at the end of diastole increases, the force of the myocardial contraction during the next systole will also increase.This is an example of which law or theory about the heart?

Accepted Answer

A) Laplace's law 
B) Poiseuille's formula 
C) Cross-bridge theory 
D) Frank-Starling law 
A) Laplace's law 
B) Poiseuille's formula 
C) Cross-bridge theory 
D) Frank-Starling law

Question 9

The _____ complex (wave) represents the sum of all ventricular muscle cell depolarizations.

Accepted Answer

A) PRS 
B) QRS 
C) QT interval 
D) P 
A) PRS 
B) QRS 
C) QT interval 
D) P

Question 10

Veins are less compliant than arteries.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Metabolic and hormonal agents produce changes in the heart and circulatory system faster than autonomic neural transmission.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Match the intracardiac pressures with their description.
-Produced because of descent of the tricuspid valve ring and by ejection of blood from both ventricles

Accepted Answer

A) a wave 
B) v wave 
C) c wave 
D) x descent 
E) y descent 
A) a wave 
B) v wave 
C) c wave 
D) x descent 
E) y descent

Question 13

Which chamber of the heart endures the highest pressures?

Accepted Answer

A) Right atrium 
B) Left atrium 
C) Left ventricle 
D) Right ventricle 
A) Right atrium 
B) Left atrium 
C) Left ventricle 
D) Right ventricle

Question 14

Match the description with the corresponding terms.
-Poiseuille's formula

Accepted Answer

A) Relationship among blood flow, pressure, and resistance 
B) Increased heart rate from increased volume 
C) Relationship of wall tension intraventricular pressure, internal radius, and wall thickness 
D) Cycles of attachment, movement, and dissociation of thin filaments during the attachments of actin to myosin 
E) Length-tension relationship of cardiac muscle 
A) Relationship among blood flow, pressure, and resistance 
B) Increased heart rate from increased volume 
C) Relationship of wall tension intraventricular pressure, internal radius, and wall thickness 
D) Cycles of attachment, movement, and dissociation of thin filaments during the attachments of actin to myosin 
E) Length-tension relationship of cardiac muscle

Question 15

Match the description with the corresponding terms.
-Bainbridge reflex

Accepted Answer

A) Relationship among blood flow, pressure, and resistance 
B) Increased heart rate from increased volume 
C) Relationship of wall tension intraventricular pressure, internal radius, and wall thickness 
D) Cycles of attachment, movement, and dissociation of thin filaments during the attachments of actin to myosin 
E) Length-tension relationship of cardiac muscle 
A) Relationship among blood flow, pressure, and resistance 
B) Increased heart rate from increased volume 
C) Relationship of wall tension intraventricular pressure, internal radius, and wall thickness 
D) Cycles of attachment, movement, and dissociation of thin filaments during the attachments of actin to myosin 
E) Length-tension relationship of cardiac muscle

Question 16

Which natriuretic peptide inhibits antidiuretic hormone by increasing urine sodium loss?

Accepted Answer

A) Urodilatin 
B) Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) 
C) Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) 
D) C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) 
A) Urodilatin 
B) Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) 
C) Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) 
D) C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP)

Question 17

Continuous increases in left ventricular filing pressures result in which disorder?

Accepted Answer

A) Mitral regurgitation 
B) Mitral stenosis 
C) Pulmonary edema 
D) Jugular vein distention 
A) Mitral regurgitation 
B) Mitral stenosis 
C) Pulmonary edema 
D) Jugular vein distention

Question 18

Match the description with the corresponding terms.
-Cross-bridge theory

Accepted Answer

A) Relationship among blood flow, pressure, and resistance 
B) Increased heart rate from increased volume 
C) Relationship of wall tension intraventricular pressure, internal radius, and wall thickness 
D) Cycles of attachment, movement, and dissociation of thin filaments during the attachments of actin to myosin 
E) Length-tension relationship of cardiac muscle 
A) Relationship among blood flow, pressure, and resistance 
B) Increased heart rate from increased volume 
C) Relationship of wall tension intraventricular pressure, internal radius, and wall thickness 
D) Cycles of attachment, movement, and dissociation of thin filaments during the attachments of actin to myosin 
E) Length-tension relationship of cardiac muscle

Question 19

What is an expected change in the cardiovascular system that occurs with aging?

Accepted Answer

A) Arterial stiffening 
B) Decreased left ventricular wall tension 
C) Decreased aortic wall thickness 
D) Arteriosclerosis 
A) Arterial stiffening 
B) Decreased left ventricular wall tension 
C) Decreased aortic wall thickness 
D) Arteriosclerosis

Question 20

The arteries in the peripheral vasculature system are less able to stretch and recoil than the arteries of the great vessels.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 29: Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Which of the following statements does not accurately describe the pericardium?

As stated by the Frank-Starling law, there is a direct relationship between the _____ of the blood in the heart at the end of diastole and the _____ of contraction during the next systole.

The coronary sinus empties into the:

Myogenic regulation of blood vessel diameter and subsequent blood flow through a vessel is an example of _____ of blood vessels.

The cardiac electrical impulse normally begins spontaneously in the sinoatrial (SA) node because:

The aortic valve obstructs coronary blood flow by pushing against the openings of the coronary arteries during systole.

The function of P cells found in the sinoatrial node and Purkinje fibers is that they:

When the volume of blood in the ventricle at the end of diastole increases, the force of the myocardial contraction during the next systole will also increase.This is an example of which law or theory about the heart?

The _____ complex (wave) represents the sum of all ventricular muscle cell depolarizations.

Veins are less compliant than arteries.

Metabolic and hormonal agents produce changes in the heart and circulatory system faster than autonomic neural transmission.

Match the intracardiac pressures with their description. -Produced because of descent of the tricuspid valve ring and by ejection of blood from both ventricles

Which chamber of the heart endures the highest pressures?

Match the description with the corresponding terms. -Poiseuille's formula

Match the description with the corresponding terms. -Bainbridge reflex

Which natriuretic peptide inhibits antidiuretic hormone by increasing urine sodium loss?

Continuous increases in left ventricular filing pressures result in which disorder?

Match the description with the corresponding terms. -Cross-bridge theory

What is an expected change in the cardiovascular system that occurs with aging?

The arteries in the peripheral vasculature system are less able to stretch and recoil than the arteries of the great vessels.

Cellular Biology

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Genes, Environment, and Common Diseases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Adaptive Immunity

Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Infection

Stress and Disease

Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Reproductive System

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid, and Hemostatic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adult

Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children

Filters

As stated by the Frank-Starling law, there is a direct relationship between the _ of the blood in the heart at the end of diastole and the _ of contraction during the next systole.