Question 1

What does the ABC model of flower development attempt to explain?

Accepted Answer

A) how different combinations of gene products trigger the formation of different floral organs 
B) why petals are found on the inside of the whorl of sepals instead of on the outside 
C) why the four types of floral organs occur in whorls 
D) why apical meristems are converted to floral meristems in response to specific cell-to-cell signals 
A) how different combinations of gene products trigger the formation of different floral organs 
B) why petals are found on the inside of the whorl of sepals instead of on the outside 
C) why the four types of floral organs occur in whorls 
D) why apical meristems are converted to floral meristems in response to specific cell-to-cell signals

Question 2

Of the following developmental processes,which is not undergone by plant embryos?

Accepted Answer

A) fertilization 
B) cleavage 
C) embryogenesis 
D) gastrulation 
E) organogenesis 
A) fertilization 
B) cleavage 
C) embryogenesis 
D) gastrulation 
E) organogenesis

Question 3

The monopterous gene in Arabidopsis encodes a protein that is similar in its function to which animal protein?

Accepted Answer

A) MyoD in frog embryos 
B) Bicoid in fruit-fly embryos 
C) keratin in human embryos 
A) MyoD in frog embryos 
B) Bicoid in fruit-fly embryos 
C) keratin in human embryos

Question 4

How does the interaction between pollen and stigma in flowering plants compare to the interaction between bindin and its egg-cell receptor in sea urchins?

Accepted Answer

A) The specificity between these interactions prevents fertilization from occurring between members of different species. 
B) The specificity between these interactions promotes self-fertilization (the union of sperm and egg from the same individual). 
C) The specificity between these interactions promotes double fertilization. 
A) The specificity between these interactions prevents fertilization from occurring between members of different species. 
B) The specificity between these interactions promotes self-fertilization (the union of sperm and egg from the same individual). 
C) The specificity between these interactions promotes double fertilization.

Question 5

The ABC model of flower development suggests that

Accepted Answer

A) each of the three genes codes for the formation of a different flower organ. 
B) genes may work alone or together to form different flower organs. 
C) inactivation of genes may transform one organ into another. 
D) both B and C are correct. 
E) Answers A,B,and C are correct. 
A) each of the three genes codes for the formation of a different flower organ. 
B) genes may work alone or together to form different flower organs. 
C) inactivation of genes may transform one organ into another. 
D) both B and C are correct. 
E) Answers A,B,and C are correct.

Question 6

All of the following statements are true of the endosperm except that

Accepted Answer

A) it may be likened to the yolk of an animal egg. 
B) it is a triploid tissue. 
C) it is used as a food source by the embryo. 
D) it is formed from equal contributions of both parents. 
E) it is the major energy source for germination. 
A) it may be likened to the yolk of an animal egg. 
B) it is a triploid tissue. 
C) it is used as a food source by the embryo. 
D) it is formed from equal contributions of both parents. 
E) it is the major energy source for germination.

Question 7

To what is the "double" part of double fertilization in flowering plants referring?

Accepted Answer

A) Two sperm penetrate and fertilize the egg at the same time. 
B) Two sperm fertilize one egg each,producing two embryos. 
C) One sperm fertilizes the egg to form the embryo,and,after several cell divisions,a second sperm fertilizes the same egg forming another embryo. 
D) There are two fusion events involving separate sperm: one fuses with the egg forming an embryo,the other with a cell to form the endosperm. 
A) Two sperm penetrate and fertilize the egg at the same time. 
B) Two sperm fertilize one egg each,producing two embryos. 
C) One sperm fertilizes the egg to form the embryo,and,after several cell divisions,a second sperm fertilizes the same egg forming another embryo. 
D) There are two fusion events involving separate sperm: one fuses with the egg forming an embryo,the other with a cell to form the endosperm.

Question 8

In the early plant embryo,cells divide asymmetrically.Which structure does NOT result from divisions of the apical cell?

Accepted Answer

A) the suspensor 
B) the cotyledons 
C) the hypocotyls 
D) the shoot 
A) the suspensor 
B) the cotyledons 
C) the hypocotyls 
D) the shoot

Question 9

Many flowering plant species have elaborate mechanisms to prevent an individual's pollen from fertilizing its own egg cells.Why?

Accepted Answer

A) to prevent inbreeding 
B) to prevent polyspermy 
C) to prevent cross-species fertilization and the production of dysfunctional hybrid offspring 
D) to prevent double fertilization and the formation of endosperm 
A) to prevent inbreeding 
B) to prevent polyspermy 
C) to prevent cross-species fertilization and the production of dysfunctional hybrid offspring 
D) to prevent double fertilization and the formation of endosperm

Question 10

Auxin has an effect on plant embryos much like the Bicoid protein in Drosophila.If auxin were added to a culture of embryonic root cells,what is the likely result?

Accepted Answer

A) Root cells would elongate and mature. 
B) Root cells would change into meristem cells. 
C) Root cells would halt their development. 
D) Root cells would not respond to auxin. 
A) Root cells would elongate and mature. 
B) Root cells would change into meristem cells. 
C) Root cells would halt their development. 
D) Root cells would not respond to auxin.

Question 11

How do plants cope with the considerable variation in their environment?

Accepted Answer

A) Plants continually grow and take in cues from their environment,which alter their growth patterns in specific directions. 
B) Plants have reproductive meristems that allow them to reproduce in response to poor conditions. 
C) Plants have meristems that allow the plant to grow in more suitable conditions. 
D) Plants undergo limited development and cannot adjust to changes in their environment. 
A) Plants continually grow and take in cues from their environment,which alter their growth patterns in specific directions. 
B) Plants have reproductive meristems that allow them to reproduce in response to poor conditions. 
C) Plants have meristems that allow the plant to grow in more suitable conditions. 
D) Plants undergo limited development and cannot adjust to changes in their environment.

Question 12

Yolk and endosperm share a number of functions.Which of the following does NOT describe a similarity between them?

Accepted Answer

A) Yolk and endosperm both provide nutrition for embryos. 
B) Yolk and endosperm both contain proteins. 
C) Yolk and endosperm are both the result of a second fertilization process. 
D) Yolk and endosperm are both cellular products. 
A) Yolk and endosperm both provide nutrition for embryos. 
B) Yolk and endosperm both contain proteins. 
C) Yolk and endosperm are both the result of a second fertilization process. 
D) Yolk and endosperm are both cellular products.

Question 13

Why is it advantageous for plants to have more than one shoot apical meristem (SAM)and more than one root apical meristem (RAM)?

Accepted Answer

A) Multiple SAMs and RAMs provide plants with the ability to deal with environmental changes in terms of resource availability. 
B) Multiple SAMs and RAMs allow plants to decide where and when they should grow. 
C) If one SAM or RAM doesn't function properly/got eaten,another SAM or RAM can take over. 
D) All of A,B,and C 
E) Both A and C. 
A) Multiple SAMs and RAMs provide plants with the ability to deal with environmental changes in terms of resource availability. 
B) Multiple SAMs and RAMs allow plants to decide where and when they should grow. 
C) If one SAM or RAM doesn't function properly/got eaten,another SAM or RAM can take over. 
D) All of A,B,and C 
E) Both A and C.

Question 14

Which of the following would be attributed to a lack of meristems?

Accepted Answer

A) MONOPTEROS would no longer be activated leading to underdeveloped hypocotyls. 
B) The roots and shoots would only respond to certain environmental cues (i.e.a lack of water). 
C) Further growth of the plant would not occur. 
D)  Cells would only differentiate into vascular and epidermal tissue. 
A) MONOPTEROS would no longer be activated leading to underdeveloped hypocotyls. 
B) The roots and shoots would only respond to certain environmental cues (i.e.a lack of water). 
C) Further growth of the plant would not occur. 
D)  Cells would only differentiate into vascular and epidermal tissue.

Question 15

If the expression of the PHAN gene is blocked in plants,what will be the likely result?

Accepted Answer

A) Plants will fail to develop leaves. 
B) Plants will develop more leaves than usual. 
C) Plants will develop leaves in very simple shapes. 
D) Plants will develop leaves in inappropriate places. 
A) Plants will fail to develop leaves. 
B) Plants will develop more leaves than usual. 
C) Plants will develop leaves in very simple shapes. 
D) Plants will develop leaves in inappropriate places.

Question 16

Which of the following is correct regarding sperm cell development in Arabidopsis?

Accepted Answer

A) Sperm are produced by mitotic division of a haploid cell within the pollen grain. 
B) Sperm are produced by meiotic divisions of a diploid cell within the male plant. 
C) Sperm are produced by meiotic divisions of a haploid cell within a pollen grain on the male plant. 
D) Sperm are produced by mitotic divisions of a diploid cell once the pollen has landed on the stigma. 
A) Sperm are produced by mitotic division of a haploid cell within the pollen grain. 
B) Sperm are produced by meiotic divisions of a diploid cell within the male plant. 
C) Sperm are produced by meiotic divisions of a haploid cell within a pollen grain on the male plant. 
D) Sperm are produced by mitotic divisions of a diploid cell once the pollen has landed on the stigma.

Question 17

One unique feature of fertilization in flowering plants compared with animals is that

Accepted Answer

A) plant sperm are motile. 
B) multiple ovules exist in the ovary. 
C) the process involves double fertilization. 
D) nuclear fusion does not take place. 
E) the gametes are diploid,not haploid. 
A) plant sperm are motile. 
B) multiple ovules exist in the ovary. 
C) the process involves double fertilization. 
D) nuclear fusion does not take place. 
E) the gametes are diploid,not haploid.

Exam 23: An Introduction to Plant Development

What does the ABC model of flower development attempt to explain?

Of the following developmental processes,which is not undergone by plant embryos?

The monopterous gene in Arabidopsis encodes a protein that is similar in its function to which animal protein?

How does the interaction between pollen and stigma in flowering plants compare to the interaction between bindin and its egg-cell receptor in sea urchins?

The ABC model of flower development suggests that

All of the following statements are true of the endosperm except that

To what is the "double" part of double fertilization in flowering plants referring?

In the early plant embryo,cells divide asymmetrically.Which structure does NOT result from divisions of the apical cell?

Many flowering plant species have elaborate mechanisms to prevent an individual's pollen from fertilizing its own egg cells.Why?

Auxin has an effect on plant embryos much like the Bicoid protein in Drosophila.If auxin were added to a culture of embryonic root cells,what is the likely result?

How do plants cope with the considerable variation in their environment?

Yolk and endosperm share a number of functions.Which of the following does NOT describe a similarity between them?

Why is it advantageous for plants to have more than one shoot apical meristem (SAM)and more than one root apical meristem (RAM)?

Which of the following would be attributed to a lack of meristems?

If the expression of the PHAN gene is blocked in plants,what will be the likely result?

Which of the following is correct regarding sperm cell development in Arabidopsis?

One unique feature of fertilization in flowering plants compared with animals is that

Biology and the Tree of Life

Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Lipids, membranes, and the First Cells

Inside the Cell

Cell-Cell Interactions

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

How Genes Work

Transcription, RNA Processing, and Translation

Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Analyzing and Engineering Genes

Genomics

Principles of Development

An Introduction to Animal Development

Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Speciation

Phylogenies and the History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Green Algae and Land Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animals

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

Viruses

Plant Form and Function

Water and Sugar Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Sensory Systems, signals, and Responses

Plant Reproduction

Animal Form and Function

Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange and Circulation

Electrical Signals in Animals

Animal Sensory Systems and Movement

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Reproduction

The Immune System in Animals

An Introduction to Ecology

Behavioural Ecology

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

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