Question 1

Which of the following can a chemolithotrophic bacteria use as a source of energy?

Accepted Answer

A) light 
B) glucose 
C) water 
D) ammonia 
A) light 
B) glucose 
C) water 
D) ammonia

Question 2

Researchers have found a new type of bacteria,and they want to determine its phylum.What would be the most reliable method to do so?

Accepted Answer

A) Conduct a Gram-stain test. 
B) Perform an analysis of metabolic pathways. 
C) Determine the ribosomal RNA sequence of the bacteria. 
D) Analyze the morphological characteristics of the bacteria. 
A) Conduct a Gram-stain test. 
B) Perform an analysis of metabolic pathways. 
C) Determine the ribosomal RNA sequence of the bacteria. 
D) Analyze the morphological characteristics of the bacteria.

Question 3

An organic solvent widely used in industrial processes-1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA)-is a major environmental pollutant affecting human health and damaging the ozone layer.Recently,researchers isolated the first bacteria able to degrade TCA.They found that the bacteria use hydrogen as an electron donor,TCA as electron acceptor,and acetate as a carbon source.Based on the preceding information,deduce the method used to isolate these bacteria.

Accepted Answer

A) Gram staining 
B) enrichment culture 
C) direct sequencing 
D) seeding 
A) Gram staining 
B) enrichment culture 
C) direct sequencing 
D) seeding

Question 4

Which of the following groups is characterized by unusual flagella contained within a structure called the outer sheath?

Accepted Answer

A) Spirochaeles 
B) Proteobacteria 
C) Firmicutes 
D) Chlamydiales 
E) Euryarchaeota 
A) Spirochaeles 
B) Proteobacteria 
C) Firmicutes 
D) Chlamydiales 
E) Euryarchaeota

Question 5

While examining a rock surface,you have discovered an interesting new organism.Which of the following criteria will allow you to classify the organism as belonging to Bacteria,but not Archaea or Eukarya?

Accepted Answer

A) It is unicellular. 
B) Its cell walls are made primarily of peptidoglycan. 
C) The organism does not have nucleus. 
D) It can survive at a temperature over 100°C. 
A) It is unicellular. 
B) Its cell walls are made primarily of peptidoglycan. 
C) The organism does not have nucleus. 
D) It can survive at a temperature over 100°C.

Question 6

What is the goal of bioremediation?

Accepted Answer

A) Improve human health with the help of living organisms such as bacteria. 
B) Clean up areas polluted with toxic compounds by using bacteria. 
C) Improve soil quality for plant growth by using bacteria. 
D) Improve bacteria for production of useful chemicals. 
E) All of the above are correct. 
A) Improve human health with the help of living organisms such as bacteria. 
B) Clean up areas polluted with toxic compounds by using bacteria. 
C) Improve soil quality for plant growth by using bacteria. 
D) Improve bacteria for production of useful chemicals. 
E) All of the above are correct.

Question 7

You have decided to grow E.coli to isolate a specific enzyme.For your experiment,which of the following conditions would enable you to grow a maximum amount of bacteria in the shortest time possible?

Accepted Answer

A) growing in suspension culture at 25°C 
B) growing on agar plates at 25°C 
C) growing in suspension culture at 37°C 
D) growing on agar plates at 37°C 
E) As long as you grow bacteria at 25°C,it does not matter if they are grown on agar plates or in suspension culture. 
A) growing in suspension culture at 25°C 
B) growing on agar plates at 25°C 
C) growing in suspension culture at 37°C 
D) growing on agar plates at 37°C 
E) As long as you grow bacteria at 25°C,it does not matter if they are grown on agar plates or in suspension culture.

Question 8

What do nitrogen fixation genes and antibiotic resistance genes have in common?

Accepted Answer

A) They are located on the bacteria chromosome. 
B) They spread by lateral gene transfer. 
C) They exist only in parasitic proteobacteria. 
D) They evolved recently. 
E) All of the above answers apply. 
A) They are located on the bacteria chromosome. 
B) They spread by lateral gene transfer. 
C) They exist only in parasitic proteobacteria. 
D) They evolved recently. 
E) All of the above answers apply.

Question 9

Which of the following lineages do not contain bacteria that are photosynthetic?

Accepted Answer

A) Spirochaeles 
B) Proteobacteria 
C) Cyanobacteria 
D) Actinobacteria 
E) All of the above can perform photosynthesis. 
A) Spirochaeles 
B) Proteobacteria 
C) Cyanobacteria 
D) Actinobacteria 
E) All of the above can perform photosynthesis.

Question 10

You have found a prokaryote that is able to form colonies and produce oxygen.To what lineage does it belong?

Accepted Answer

A) Cyanobacteria 
B) Chlamydiales 
C) Actinobacteria 
D) Proteobacteria 
E) Crenarchaeota 
A) Cyanobacteria 
B) Chlamydiales 
C) Actinobacteria 
D) Proteobacteria 
E) Crenarchaeota

Question 11

What organisms are most numerous on Earth?

Accepted Answer

A) eukaryotes 
B) archaea 
C) prokaryotes 
D) plants 
E) insects 
A) eukaryotes 
B) archaea 
C) prokaryotes 
D) plants 
E) insects

Question 12

Microbiologists use the Gram stain to aid in identification of bacteria.What is the major difference between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A) structure of the lipids in the plasma membrane 
B) presence or absence of muramic acid in the cell wall 
C) presence or absence of peptidoglycan in the cell wall 
D) presence or absence of outer membrane 
A) structure of the lipids in the plasma membrane 
B) presence or absence of muramic acid in the cell wall 
C) presence or absence of peptidoglycan in the cell wall 
D) presence or absence of outer membrane

Question 13

What is the characteristic feature of the Chlamydiales phylum?

Accepted Answer

A) unusual flagella 
B) formation of colonies 
C) rod shape 
D) parasitic life cycle 
E) all of the above 
A) unusual flagella 
B) formation of colonies 
C) rod shape 
D) parasitic life cycle 
E) all of the above

Question 14

What kind of molecules serve as electron acceptors in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

A) water 
B) polar molecules 
C) molecules with high potential energy 
D) molecules with low potential energy 
E) molecules in an excited state 
A) water 
B) polar molecules 
C) molecules with high potential energy 
D) molecules with low potential energy 
E) molecules in an excited state

Question 15

What experiment can distinguish between high-GC Gram-positive bacteria and low-GC Gram-positive bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A) analysis of cell shape 
B) Gram-staining test 
C) DNA analysis 
D) analysis of metabolic pathways 
A) analysis of cell shape 
B) Gram-staining test 
C) DNA analysis 
D) analysis of metabolic pathways

Question 16

Starting in 1945,Escherichia coli became a bacterium of choice to study basic cellular processes and gene function.What specific feature of E.coli is responsible for its rise to prominence as a model system?

Accepted Answer

A) ability to grow in suspension culture and on agar plates 
B) ability to transfer a copy of a plasmid from one cell to another 
C) very fast growth rate 
D) the fact that it has small,circular DNA 
A) ability to grow in suspension culture and on agar plates 
B) ability to transfer a copy of a plasmid from one cell to another 
C) very fast growth rate 
D) the fact that it has small,circular DNA

Question 17

While examining soil from a cornfield,you found a new type of bacteria that turns purple when treated with Gram stain.What lineage might it belong to?

Accepted Answer

A) Spirochaeles 
B) Proteobacteria 
C) Cyanobacteria 
D) Firmicutes 
E) Chlamydiales 
A) Spirochaeles 
B) Proteobacteria 
C) Cyanobacteria 
D) Firmicutes 
E) Chlamydiales

Question 18

During cellular respiration,some bacteria use CH₄ as an electron donor and O₂ as an electron acceptor.What is the name for this group of bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A) methanogens 
B) methanotrophs 
C) organotrophs 
D) nitrifiers 
A) methanogens 
B) methanotrophs 
C) organotrophs 
D) nitrifiers

Exam 28: Bacteria and Archaea

Which of the following can a chemolithotrophic bacteria use as a source of energy?

Researchers have found a new type of bacteria,and they want to determine its phylum.What would be the most reliable method to do so?

Which of the following groups is characterized by unusual flagella contained within a structure called the outer sheath?

While examining a rock surface,you have discovered an interesting new organism.Which of the following criteria will allow you to classify the organism as belonging to Bacteria,but not Archaea or Eukarya?

What is the goal of bioremediation?

You have decided to grow E.coli to isolate a specific enzyme.For your experiment,which of the following conditions would enable you to grow a maximum amount of bacteria in the shortest time possible?

What do nitrogen fixation genes and antibiotic resistance genes have in common?

Which of the following lineages do not contain bacteria that are photosynthetic?

You have found a prokaryote that is able to form colonies and produce oxygen.To what lineage does it belong?

What organisms are most numerous on Earth?

Microbiologists use the Gram stain to aid in identification of bacteria.What is the major difference between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria?

What is the characteristic feature of the Chlamydiales phylum?

What kind of molecules serve as electron acceptors in cellular respiration?

What experiment can distinguish between high-GC Gram-positive bacteria and low-GC Gram-positive bacteria?

Starting in 1945,Escherichia coli became a bacterium of choice to study basic cellular processes and gene function.What specific feature of E.coli is responsible for its rise to prominence as a model system?

While examining soil from a cornfield,you found a new type of bacteria that turns purple when treated with Gram stain.What lineage might it belong to?

During cellular respiration,some bacteria use CH₄ as an electron donor and O₂ as an electron acceptor.What is the name for this group of bacteria?

Biology and the Tree of Life

Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Lipids, membranes, and the First Cells

Inside the Cell

Cell-Cell Interactions

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

How Genes Work

Transcription, RNA Processing, and Translation

Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Analyzing and Engineering Genes

Genomics

Principles of Development

An Introduction to Animal Development

An Introduction to Plant Development

Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Speciation

Phylogenies and the History of Life

Protists

Green Algae and Land Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animals

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

Viruses

Plant Form and Function

Water and Sugar Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Sensory Systems, signals, and Responses

Plant Reproduction

Animal Form and Function

Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange and Circulation

Electrical Signals in Animals

Animal Sensory Systems and Movement

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Reproduction

The Immune System in Animals

An Introduction to Ecology

Behavioural Ecology

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

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