Question 1

What is the main reason that climatic conditions on Mercury differ from those on Earth?

Accepted Answer

A) planet size 
B) existence of plant life 
C) average distance from the Sun 
D) existence of an atmosphere 
A) planet size 
B) existence of plant life 
C) average distance from the Sun 
D) existence of an atmosphere

Question 2

What happens to animal and plant diversity as latitude decreases?

Accepted Answer

A) Animal and plant diversity increases. 
B) Animal and plant diversity decreases. 
C) Animal and plant diversity is not affected by latitudinal changes. 
D) Animal and plant diversity increases in variation per unit area. 
E) Animal and plant diversity decreases in variation per unit area. 
A) Animal and plant diversity increases. 
B) Animal and plant diversity decreases. 
C) Animal and plant diversity is not affected by latitudinal changes. 
D) Animal and plant diversity increases in variation per unit area. 
E) Animal and plant diversity decreases in variation per unit area.

Question 3

Which of the following statements regarding temperate grasslands is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Prairie fires can result from lightening strikes. 
B) Grassland soils are not very fertile. 
C) Grasslands are lower in productivity than tropical forest communities. 
D) Grasslands have too little precipitation to support tree growth. 
A) Prairie fires can result from lightening strikes. 
B) Grassland soils are not very fertile. 
C) Grasslands are lower in productivity than tropical forest communities. 
D) Grasslands have too little precipitation to support tree growth.

Question 4

The carnivorous pitcher plant is successful in bog habitats because

Accepted Answer

A) it can tolerate lack of oxygen in the bog water. 
B) it can tolerate the high acidity of the bog water. 
C) it can gain nitrogen in an unusual way. 
D) it can gain oxygen in an unusual way. 
A) it can tolerate lack of oxygen in the bog water. 
B) it can tolerate the high acidity of the bog water. 
C) it can gain nitrogen in an unusual way. 
D) it can gain oxygen in an unusual way.

Question 5

Which of the following statements regarding altitude and climate is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) The presence of mountain ranges tends to produce extremes in precipitation. 
B) Rain shadows may appear on one side of a mountain range. 
C) The higher the altitude,the cooler the climate. 
D) Both sides of a mountain range always receive equal amounts of precipitation. 
A) The presence of mountain ranges tends to produce extremes in precipitation. 
B) Rain shadows may appear on one side of a mountain range. 
C) The higher the altitude,the cooler the climate. 
D) Both sides of a mountain range always receive equal amounts of precipitation.

Question 6

Figure 50.2   
  
-Based on the data in Figure 50.2,which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Area 1 could be called a boreal forest. 
B) Area 2 could be called a temperate grassland. 
C) Area 1 could be called a tropical wet forest. 
D) Area 2 could be tundra. 
A) Area 1 could be called a boreal forest. 
B) Area 2 could be called a temperate grassland. 
C) Area 1 could be called a tropical wet forest. 
D) Area 2 could be tundra.

Question 7

Cheatgrass has been able to invade dry,temperate grasslands and the arid,shrub-dominated habitats (sage-steppe)of North America.Which of the following is NOT a reason for this?

Accepted Answer

A) Cheatgrass is an annual,so there are seeds in the ground ready to grow any year. 
B) Cheatgrass is somewhat fire tolerant. 
C) Cheatgrass promotes fire frequency and increases fire intensity. 
D) Cheatgrass competes successfully with bunchgrasses for water and nutrients. 
E) All of the above are valid reasons. 
A) Cheatgrass is an annual,so there are seeds in the ground ready to grow any year. 
B) Cheatgrass is somewhat fire tolerant. 
C) Cheatgrass promotes fire frequency and increases fire intensity. 
D) Cheatgrass competes successfully with bunchgrasses for water and nutrients. 
E) All of the above are valid reasons.

Question 8

In the limnetic zone,you are most likely to find which organism?

Accepted Answer

A) lobster 
B) halibut 
C) pike 
D) clam 
A) lobster 
B) halibut 
C) pike 
D) clam

Question 9

The rainfall associated with the Indian summer monsoon shows a large intraseasonal and interannual variability.Break-monsoon conditions are one of the most important epochs of the monsoon,and they contribute significantly to the intraseasonal variability of the monsoon.Given what you know about the Hadley cell,how would it have to change to produce this break phase in the monsoon (Bhatla et al.,2004)?

Accepted Answer

A) The downward arm of Hadley cell strengthens. 
B) The upward arm of Hadley cell strengthens. 
C) The downward arm of Hadley cell weakens. 
D) The upward arm of Hadley cell weakens. 
E) No change is needed in the Hadley cell to produce the break phase. 
A) The downward arm of Hadley cell strengthens. 
B) The upward arm of Hadley cell strengthens. 
C) The downward arm of Hadley cell weakens. 
D) The upward arm of Hadley cell weakens. 
E) No change is needed in the Hadley cell to produce the break phase.

Question 10

Figure 50.3   
  
-Based on the data in Figure 50.3,which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Area 1 could be called a subtropical desert. 
B) Area 2 could be called tundra. 
C) Area 1 could be called a tropical wet forest. 
D) Area 2 could be called a boreal forest. 
A) Area 1 could be called a subtropical desert. 
B) Area 2 could be called tundra. 
C) Area 1 could be called a tropical wet forest. 
D) Area 2 could be called a boreal forest.

Question 11

Figure 50.2   
  
-Based on the data in Figure 50.2,which of the following statements is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Area 1 has more average precipitation than area 2. 
B) Area 1 would be considered a desert because of its high average temperature. 
C) Area 2 would be considered a desert because of its low average precipitation. 
D) Area 2 has a large annual temperature variation. 
A) Area 1 has more average precipitation than area 2. 
B) Area 1 would be considered a desert because of its high average temperature. 
C) Area 2 would be considered a desert because of its low average precipitation. 
D) Area 2 has a large annual temperature variation.

Question 12

Using the Bhatla et al.(2004)reference and your knowledge about the Hadley cell,would you expect a difference in thermodynamic parameters with monsoon magnitude and variability with latitude?

Accepted Answer

A) yes 
B) no 
A) yes 
B) no

Question 13

Figure 50.3   
  
-Based on the data in the figure above,which of the following statements is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Area 1 has more average precipitation than area 2. 
B) Area 1 has a higher average temperature than area 2. 
C) Both areas have variation in monthly precipitation. 
D) Area 2 has a smaller annual temperature variation compared to area 1. 
A) Area 1 has more average precipitation than area 2. 
B) Area 1 has a higher average temperature than area 2. 
C) Both areas have variation in monthly precipitation. 
D) Area 2 has a smaller annual temperature variation compared to area 1.

Question 14

Figure 50.1  
-In Figure 50.1,which number would designate the biome with the highest variation in annual temperature?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4

Question 15

Every place on Earth receives the same number of hours of sunlight each year-an average of 12 hours per day.Why do different areas of the Earth receive different amounts of solar radiation?

Accepted Answer

A) The height of the place above sea level is an important determinant of the amount of solar energy received. 
B) The angle of the sunlight is an important determinant of the amount of solar energy received. 
C) The density of the vegetation affects how much solar radiation a place will receive-the more grassland,the less solar radiation. 
D) The density of the vegetation affects how much solar radiation a place will receive-the more tall trees,the less solar radiation. 
E) Because of the curvature of the Earth,winds of the upper stratosphere can blow solar radiation away from an area before it reaches the ground. 
A) The height of the place above sea level is an important determinant of the amount of solar energy received. 
B) The angle of the sunlight is an important determinant of the amount of solar energy received. 
C) The density of the vegetation affects how much solar radiation a place will receive-the more grassland,the less solar radiation. 
D) The density of the vegetation affects how much solar radiation a place will receive-the more tall trees,the less solar radiation. 
E) Because of the curvature of the Earth,winds of the upper stratosphere can blow solar radiation away from an area before it reaches the ground.

Question 16

Which of the following is not a biotic component of a burrow community?

Accepted Answer

A) the different species living in the burrow 
B) the population of each species in the burrow 
C) the air quality of the burrow 
D) the food sources in the burrow 
A) the different species living in the burrow 
B) the population of each species in the burrow 
C) the air quality of the burrow 
D) the food sources in the burrow

Question 17

Which of the following statements regarding turnover is true?

Accepted Answer

A) In fall turnover,dense water at 4°C sinks and disturbs sediments in the benthic zone. 
B) In fall turnover,dense water at 4°C rises and disturbs sediments in the benthic zone. 
C) The surface water gets to 4°C only by cooling. 
D) Fall turnovers and spring turnovers are exactly the same. 
A) In fall turnover,dense water at 4°C sinks and disturbs sediments in the benthic zone. 
B) In fall turnover,dense water at 4°C rises and disturbs sediments in the benthic zone. 
C) The surface water gets to 4°C only by cooling. 
D) Fall turnovers and spring turnovers are exactly the same.

Question 18

You are measuring the effect of increased sunlight on a tropical wet forest biome.Which of the following would you measure?

Accepted Answer

A) NPP as it indicates the biomass available for other organisms to use. 
B) Species diversity as it indicates the number of species present and their relative numbers. 
C) The number of parasites in the area as it indicates the health of the biome. 
D) All of A,B,and C. 
E) Both A and B. 
A) NPP as it indicates the biomass available for other organisms to use. 
B) Species diversity as it indicates the number of species present and their relative numbers. 
C) The number of parasites in the area as it indicates the health of the biome. 
D) All of A,B,and C. 
E) Both A and B.

Question 19

Which abiotic factor would have the most significant physiological effect on migrating salmon?

Accepted Answer

A) water solute content 
B) competition for resources 
C) water temperature 
D) human-built structural interferences 
A) water solute content 
B) competition for resources 
C) water temperature 
D) human-built structural interferences

Question 20

Besides sunlight,which would be the next most important climatic factors for plants?

Accepted Answer

A) wind and fire 
B) moisture and wind 
C) temperature and wind 
D) temperature and moisture 
A) wind and fire 
B) moisture and wind 
C) temperature and wind 
D) temperature and moisture

Exam 50: An Introduction to Ecology

What is the main reason that climatic conditions on Mercury differ from those on Earth?

What happens to animal and plant diversity as latitude decreases?

Which of the following statements regarding temperate grasslands is false?

The carnivorous pitcher plant is successful in bog habitats because

Which of the following statements regarding altitude and climate is FALSE?

Figure 50.2 -Based on the data in Figure 50.2,which of the following statements is true?

Cheatgrass has been able to invade dry,temperate grasslands and the arid,shrub-dominated habitats (sage-steppe)of North America.Which of the following is NOT a reason for this?

In the limnetic zone,you are most likely to find which organism?

Figure 50.3 -Based on the data in Figure 50.3,which of the following statements is true?

Figure 50.2 -Based on the data in Figure 50.2,which of the following statements is false?

Using the Bhatla et al.(2004)reference and your knowledge about the Hadley cell,would you expect a difference in thermodynamic parameters with monsoon magnitude and variability with latitude?

Figure 50.3 -Based on the data in the figure above,which of the following statements is false?

Figure 50.1 -In Figure 50.1,which number would designate the biome with the highest variation in annual temperature?

Every place on Earth receives the same number of hours of sunlight each year-an average of 12 hours per day.Why do different areas of the Earth receive different amounts of solar radiation?

Which of the following is not a biotic component of a burrow community?

Which of the following statements regarding turnover is true?

You are measuring the effect of increased sunlight on a tropical wet forest biome.Which of the following would you measure?

Which abiotic factor would have the most significant physiological effect on migrating salmon?

Besides sunlight,which would be the next most important climatic factors for plants?

Biology and the Tree of Life

Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Lipids, membranes, and the First Cells

Inside the Cell

Cell-Cell Interactions

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

How Genes Work

Transcription, RNA Processing, and Translation

Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Analyzing and Engineering Genes

Genomics

Principles of Development

An Introduction to Animal Development

An Introduction to Plant Development

Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Speciation

Phylogenies and the History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Green Algae and Land Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animals

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

Viruses

Plant Form and Function

Water and Sugar Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Sensory Systems, signals, and Responses

Plant Reproduction

Animal Form and Function

Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange and Circulation

Electrical Signals in Animals

Animal Sensory Systems and Movement

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Reproduction

The Immune System in Animals

Behavioural Ecology

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

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