Question 1

Figure 54.10  
-Upon looking at the figure above,what can be concluded?

Accepted Answer

A) Residents in colder climates use more energy per person. 
B) Residents of industrialized countries use more energy per person. 
C) Residents of more populated countries use more energy per person. 
D) English-speaking countries tend to use more energy per person. 
A) Residents in colder climates use more energy per person. 
B) Residents of industrialized countries use more energy per person. 
C) Residents of more populated countries use more energy per person. 
D) English-speaking countries tend to use more energy per person.

Question 2

When primary producers expend energy to build new tissue,this is

Accepted Answer

A) net primary productivity. 
B) the amount of energy available to consumers. 
C) maintenance costs. 
D) Both A and B 
E) Both B and C 
A) net primary productivity. 
B) the amount of energy available to consumers. 
C) maintenance costs. 
D) Both A and B 
E) Both B and C

Question 3

Figure 54.6  
-In the figure above,which number represents secondary production?

Accepted Answer

A) 1)6% 
B) 17.7% 
C) 80.7% 
D) none of the above 
A) 1)6% 
B) 17.7% 
C) 80.7% 
D) none of the above

Question 4

At the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in New Hampshire,how did large amounts of energy leave the decomposer food web?

Accepted Answer

A) Energy was lost through incomplete decomposition. 
B) Detritus was washed away into streams during heavy rain. 
C) Detritus was sublimated by increased solar radiation. 
D) Large numbers of decomposers emigrated from the area. 
A) Energy was lost through incomplete decomposition. 
B) Detritus was washed away into streams during heavy rain. 
C) Detritus was sublimated by increased solar radiation. 
D) Large numbers of decomposers emigrated from the area.

Question 5

Figure 54.8  
-Considering the global water cycle depicted in the figure above,where does one find the largest amount of water changing phases?

Accepted Answer

A) groundwater runoff to oceans 
B) movement of water vapor from ocean to land 
C) evaporation/transpiration and precipitation over land 
D) evaporation and precipitation over the oceans 
A) groundwater runoff to oceans 
B) movement of water vapor from ocean to land 
C) evaporation/transpiration and precipitation over land 
D) evaporation and precipitation over the oceans

Question 6

Once heat is transferred to the soil,where does it go afterward (Noormets et al.2004)?

Accepted Answer

A) The heat is emitted back to the atmosphere. 
B) The heat is transferred to other soil layers. 
C) The heat stored in the soil. 
D) The heat is both emitted back to the atmosphere and transferred to other soil layers. 
E) The heat is emitted back to the atmosphere,transferred to other soil layers,and stored in the soil. 
A) The heat is emitted back to the atmosphere. 
B) The heat is transferred to other soil layers. 
C) The heat stored in the soil. 
D) The heat is both emitted back to the atmosphere and transferred to other soil layers. 
E) The heat is emitted back to the atmosphere,transferred to other soil layers,and stored in the soil.

Question 7

Considering the current scientific literature on global warming,which statement best summarizes the most recent findings?

Accepted Answer

A) The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change concluded that carbon dioxide is the sole cause of global warming. 
B) The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change concluded that the evidence for global warming is unequivocal and that it is very likely due to human-induced changes in greenhouse gases. 
C) The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change concluded that current evidence suggests that most of the warming over the past 50 years is attributable to human activities. 
D) The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change concluded that current evidence suggests no link between human activity and climate change. 
A) The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change concluded that carbon dioxide is the sole cause of global warming. 
B) The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change concluded that the evidence for global warming is unequivocal and that it is very likely due to human-induced changes in greenhouse gases. 
C) The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change concluded that current evidence suggests that most of the warming over the past 50 years is attributable to human activities. 
D) The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change concluded that current evidence suggests no link between human activity and climate change.

Question 8

Which of the following most often controls the rate of nutrient cycling in ecosystems?

Accepted Answer

A) rate of decomposition of detritus 
B) primary productivity 
C) secondary productivity 
D) Both B and C 
A) rate of decomposition of detritus 
B) primary productivity 
C) secondary productivity 
D) Both B and C

Question 9

Figure 54.5  
-After looking at the figure above,what can be said about productivity in this ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

A) Nothing can be said based on this information. 
B) Between 80 and 90% of the energy is lost at the next highest trophic level. 
C) Between 10 and 20% of the energy is lost at the next highest trophic level. 
D) Productivity increases with each trophic level. 
A) Nothing can be said based on this information. 
B) Between 80 and 90% of the energy is lost at the next highest trophic level. 
C) Between 10 and 20% of the energy is lost at the next highest trophic level. 
D) Productivity increases with each trophic level.

Question 10

Figure 54.3  
-Which habitat type in the figure above covers the largest area on Earth?

Accepted Answer

A) tropical wet forest 
B) open ocean 
C) algal beds and reefs 
D) wetlands 
A) tropical wet forest 
B) open ocean 
C) algal beds and reefs 
D) wetlands

Question 11

The Noormets et al.study (2004)shows that there was an ecosystem-specific control over soil energy fluxes,and this constrained the biotic response to climate change.How do you think radiative heat would affect the water table in a wetland versus a temperate forest?

Accepted Answer

A) The wetland would likely absorb less heat than the temperate forest and therefore not significantly change water table depth. 
B) The wetland would likely absorb more heat than the temperate forest and significantly change water table depth. 
C) The temperate forest would likely absorb more heat than the wetland and significantly change water table depth. 
D) Both areas would absorb similar amounts of radiative heat and therefore affect the water table equally. 
A) The wetland would likely absorb less heat than the temperate forest and therefore not significantly change water table depth. 
B) The wetland would likely absorb more heat than the temperate forest and significantly change water table depth. 
C) The temperate forest would likely absorb more heat than the wetland and significantly change water table depth. 
D) Both areas would absorb similar amounts of radiative heat and therefore affect the water table equally.

Question 12

Considering the global carbon cycle,where are humans having a large impact?

Accepted Answer

A) terrestrial ecosystems 
B) oceans 
C) atmosphere 
D) beneath the surface of the Earth 
E) Both A and C 
A) terrestrial ecosystems 
B) oceans 
C) atmosphere 
D) beneath the surface of the Earth 
E) Both A and C

Question 13

Figure 54.3  
-In the figure above,how is net primary productivity represented?

Accepted Answer

A) organized by biome 
B) organized by geography 
C) organized by region 
D) randomly organized 
A) organized by biome 
B) organized by geography 
C) organized by region 
D) randomly organized

Question 14

What do researchers typically focus on when they study a particular biogeochemical cycle?

Accepted Answer

A) the nature and size of the reservoirs 
B) the rate of element movement between reservoirs 
C) interaction of the current cycle with other cycles 
D) Both A and B 
E) Both B and C 
A) the nature and size of the reservoirs 
B) the rate of element movement between reservoirs 
C) interaction of the current cycle with other cycles 
D) Both A and B 
E) Both B and C

Question 15

Figure 54.10  
-Based on the figure above,and given the populations of the following countries,which country uses the most oil overall?

Accepted Answer

A) United States (population = 300 million) 
B) Canada (population = 33 million) 
C) China (population = 1.32 billion) 
D) Russia (population = 142 million) 
E) United Kingdom (population = 60 million) 
A) United States (population = 300 million) 
B) Canada (population = 33 million) 
C) China (population = 1.32 billion) 
D) Russia (population = 142 million) 
E) United Kingdom (population = 60 million)

Question 16

Figure 54.4  
-After looking at the experiment in the figure above,what can be said about productivity in marine ecosystems?

Accepted Answer

A) Nothing can be said based on this information. 
B) Marine organisms break down iron for energy and thus for productivity. 
C) Iron can be a limiting nutrient in productivity. 
D) Productivity increases when chlorophyll a is added. 
A) Nothing can be said based on this information. 
B) Marine organisms break down iron for energy and thus for productivity. 
C) Iron can be a limiting nutrient in productivity. 
D) Productivity increases when chlorophyll a is added.

Question 17

Figure 54.3  
-Which terrestrial category in the figure above has the highest economic impact on Earth's ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

A) tropical wet forest 
B) rock,sand,and ice 
C) tropical seasonal forest 
D) bogs 
A) tropical wet forest 
B) rock,sand,and ice 
C) tropical seasonal forest 
D) bogs

Question 18

Which of the following could be a cause of eutrophication?

Accepted Answer

A) adding a large amount of a limiting resource to an aquatic ecosystem 
B) adding a large amount of a limiting resource to a terrestrial ecosystem 
C) removing a limiting resource from an aquatic ecosystem 
D) removing a limiting resource from a terrestrial ecosystem 
A) adding a large amount of a limiting resource to an aquatic ecosystem 
B) adding a large amount of a limiting resource to a terrestrial ecosystem 
C) removing a limiting resource from an aquatic ecosystem 
D) removing a limiting resource from a terrestrial ecosystem

Question 19

Figure 54.1  
-How are the components in the figure above linked by the flow of energy?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Figure 54.1  
-How are the components...

Question 20

Plants never use 100% of the incoming solar radiation for photosynthesis on a yearly basis.What is a reasonable explanation for this?

Accepted Answer

A) Plants cannot photosynthesize during winter (in cold winter climates). 
B) Plants cannot photosynthesize during dry periods. 
C) The pigments that drive photosynthesis respond to only a fraction of the wavelengths available. 
D) Both A and C 
E) Both B and C 
A) Plants cannot photosynthesize during winter (in cold winter climates). 
B) Plants cannot photosynthesize during dry periods. 
C) The pigments that drive photosynthesis respond to only a fraction of the wavelengths available. 
D) Both A and C 
E) Both B and C

Exam 54: Ecosystems

Figure 54.10 -Upon looking at the figure above,what can be concluded?

When primary producers expend energy to build new tissue,this is

Figure 54.6 -In the figure above,which number represents secondary production?

At the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in New Hampshire,how did large amounts of energy leave the decomposer food web?

Figure 54.8 -Considering the global water cycle depicted in the figure above,where does one find the largest amount of water changing phases?

Once heat is transferred to the soil,where does it go afterward (Noormets et al.2004)?

Considering the current scientific literature on global warming,which statement best summarizes the most recent findings?

Which of the following most often controls the rate of nutrient cycling in ecosystems?

Figure 54.5 -After looking at the figure above,what can be said about productivity in this ecosystem?

Figure 54.3 -Which habitat type in the figure above covers the largest area on Earth?

The Noormets et al.study (2004)shows that there was an ecosystem-specific control over soil energy fluxes,and this constrained the biotic response to climate change.How do you think radiative heat would affect the water table in a wetland versus a temperate forest?

Considering the global carbon cycle,where are humans having a large impact?

Figure 54.3 -In the figure above,how is net primary productivity represented?

What do researchers typically focus on when they study a particular biogeochemical cycle?

Figure 54.10 -Based on the figure above,and given the populations of the following countries,which country uses the most oil overall?

Figure 54.4 -After looking at the experiment in the figure above,what can be said about productivity in marine ecosystems?

Figure 54.3 -Which terrestrial category in the figure above has the highest economic impact on Earth's ecosystem?

Which of the following could be a cause of eutrophication?

Figure 54.1 -How are the components in the figure above linked by the flow of energy?

Plants never use 100% of the incoming solar radiation for photosynthesis on a yearly basis.What is a reasonable explanation for this?

Biology and the Tree of Life

Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Lipids, membranes, and the First Cells

Inside the Cell

Cell-Cell Interactions

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

How Genes Work

Transcription, RNA Processing, and Translation

Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Analyzing and Engineering Genes

Genomics

Principles of Development

An Introduction to Animal Development

An Introduction to Plant Development

Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Speciation

Phylogenies and the History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Green Algae and Land Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animals

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

Viruses

Plant Form and Function

Water and Sugar Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Sensory Systems, signals, and Responses

Plant Reproduction

Animal Form and Function

Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange and Circulation

Electrical Signals in Animals

Animal Sensory Systems and Movement

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Reproduction

The Immune System in Animals

An Introduction to Ecology

Behavioural Ecology

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

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