Exam 31: Shaping and Schedules of Reinforcement: A Comprehensive Guide

A child is approached by a dog and is knocked down, which causes fear.The next time the child sees a dog, the child experiences fear, which subsides when the child runs away from the dog.The child's fear of the sight of the dog was caused by:

The psychologist who established the first operant conditioning course in Brazil in 1961 was:

Natural reinforcers are those deliberately presented following a particular behavior in a training program.

A parent says to a child, "If you study for an hour each night this week you can watch the late movie on Friday night." This example involves a(n):

One of the first published behavior modification demonstrations of the 1950s that concerned practical, applied problems was reported by:

With the aid of a therapist, a client may be encouraged to describe a situation in which a problem behavior has occurred in the past and to reenact the occurrence of the problem behavior in that situation.This procedure is known as:

One can heat water by placing a tin of it over a campfire, plugging in an electric kettle, or placing a hot rock into a can of water.These alternatives constitute:

In non-exclusionary time-out, the individual is:

A procedure called "functional communication training " is one in which children with developmental disabilities are taught a simple communicative response as an alternative to self-abuse in order to obtain staff attention.

The increased frequency of a response because of its immediate reinforcing consequences is referred to as the indirect-acting effect of reinforcement.

Conditioned reinforcers that can be accumulated and exchanged for other reinforcers are known as:

In 1960 the British psychologist Hans Eysenck used the term "behavior therapy" to refer to the treatment procedure developed by Joseph Wolpe.

In a behavioral model of self-control, an individual emits controlling behavior that manages antecedents or consequences for a behavior to be controlled.But what controls the controlling behavior?

Even if a particular behavior modification procedure produces undesirable effects, that does not refute behavior modification.

The initial stimulus that reliably evokes the desired behavior at the start of a fading program is known as the:

A major focus of ACT is the use of cognitive restructuring to directly change troublesome thoughts.

Behaviors that are elicited by prior stimuli and are not affected by their consequences are called:

According to Stainback et al., how many tokens should you have for each student in a group when starting a token economy?

An extraordinary stressful or traumatic event, such as being physically or sexually abused, being in a serious traffic accident, or witnessing a catastrophic event, can cause impaired functioning such that the individual would likely be diagnosed as having a(n):

A behavior modifier should only accept those referrals for which he/she has appropriate training and adequate time to carry out an effective program.