Question 1

Shaping is referred to as the method of:

Accepted Answer

A) intermittent reinforcement 
B) successive approximations 
C) contingency adjustment 
D) self-instruction 
A) intermittent reinforcement 
B) successive approximations 
C) contingency adjustment 
D) self-instruction

Question 2

The "O" in DRO stands for other responding.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

The behavior of repeatedly dialing a telephone to call a friend whose line is busy is reinforced on an approximation of a VI/LH schedule.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Strategies for recognizing maladaptive thinking and replacing it with adaptive thinking were referred to by Beck as behavior therapy.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

In Pavlovian conditioning, the CS acquires greater ability to elicit a CR if:

Accepted Answer

A) the CS is occasionally paired with the US 
B) the CS follows the US by a few seconds 
C) the CS is always paired with the US 
D) the CS is occasionally paired with a strong US 
A) the CS is occasionally paired with the US 
B) the CS follows the US by a few seconds 
C) the CS is always paired with the US 
D) the CS is occasionally paired with a strong US

Question 6

Characteristics of behavior that can be measured are called dimensions of behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

To ensure that the therapist is responsible or accountable to the client, it is recommended that:

Accepted Answer

A) an impartial third person monitor the program 
B) the therapist and client sign a treatment contract 
C) the therapist be supervised by someone with more experience 
D) the client should explain the program to a friend 
A) an impartial third person monitor the program 
B) the therapist and client sign a treatment contract 
C) the therapist be supervised by someone with more experience 
D) the client should explain the program to a friend

Question 8

Behavior modification can only be applied by experts, and not by individuals in everyday life.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The habit reversal procedure typically includes:

Accepted Answer

A) awareness training, competing response training, and a motivational strategy 
B) awareness training, competing response training, and desensitization 
C) competing response training, a motivational strategy, and cognitive restructuring 
D) cognitive restructuring, awareness training, and desensitization 
A) awareness training, competing response training, and a motivational strategy 
B) awareness training, competing response training, and desensitization 
C) competing response training, a motivational strategy, and cognitive restructuring 
D) cognitive restructuring, awareness training, and desensitization

Question 10

According to Martin and Pear, the term that has the broadest meaning is:

Accepted Answer

A) behavior therapy 
B) social learning theory 
C) applied behavior analysis 
D) behavior modification 
A) behavior therapy 
B) social learning theory 
C) applied behavior analysis 
D) behavior modification

Question 11

Behaviors to be improved in a behavior modification program are frequently called:

Accepted Answer

A) overt behaviors 
B) covert behaviors 
C) cognitive behaviors 
D) target behaviors 
A) overt behaviors 
B) covert behaviors 
C) cognitive behaviors 
D) target behaviors

Question 12

The gradual change, on successive trials, of a stimulus that controls a response so that the response eventually occurs to a partially changed or completely new stimulus, is known as:

Accepted Answer

A) fading 
B) stimulus discrimination training 
C) shaping 
D) training $S ^ { D } - S ^ { \Delta }$ 
A) fading 
B) stimulus discrimination training 
C) shaping 
D) training $S ^ { D } - S ^ { \Delta }$

Question 13

The phase used to determine if a particular agency is the appropriate one to deal with an individual's behavior and what behaviors should be baselined if this agency is the appropriate one is called the:

Accepted Answer

A) intervention phase 
B) follow-up phase 
C) screening phase 
D) validation phase 
A) intervention phase 
B) follow-up phase 
C) screening phase 
D) validation phase

Question 14

A client who believes that everyone he meets turns away from him in disgust learns to say to himself, "I'll watch their facial expressions and body language, and then I can prove to myself that they're not disgusted with me," and then follows this guide.A radical behaviorist would refer to this as an example of:

Accepted Answer

A) rational-emotive therapy 
B) contingency-shaped behavior 
C) Beck's cognitive therapy 
D) rule-governed behavior 
A) rational-emotive therapy 
B) contingency-shaped behavior 
C) Beck's cognitive therapy 
D) rule-governed behavior

Question 15

A VI/LH would not be used to teach students to sit at their desks, as it would generate sitting down and standing up at a high rate.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Respondent conditioning will develop more quickly and strongly when:

Accepted Answer

A) the CS or US or both are intense rather than weak 
B) the CS follows the US by about a half a second, rather than preceding it 
C) both the CS and the US are weak rather than intense 
D) the CS is paired with the US just once rather than many times 
A) the CS or US or both are intense rather than weak 
B) the CS follows the US by about a half a second, rather than preceding it 
C) both the CS and the US are weak rather than intense 
D) the CS is paired with the US just once rather than many times

Question 17

When the general setting alters the manner in which an individual responds to a particular stimulus, then has been demonstrated.

Accepted Answer

A) stimulus control 
B) stimulus equivalence 
C) contextual control 
D) stimulus discrimination 
A) stimulus control 
B) stimulus equivalence 
C) contextual control 
D) stimulus discrimination

Question 18

Behavior modification is based on the following two propositions:

Accepted Answer

A) Behavior can be controlled, and it is always ethically appropriate to do so. 
B) Behavior can be partially controlled, and it is always ethically appropriate to do so. 
C) Behavior can be controlled, and it is desirable to do so in order to achieve certain objectives. 
D) Behavior can be partially controlled, and it is desirable to do so in order to achieve certain objectives. 
A) Behavior can be controlled, and it is always ethically appropriate to do so. 
B) Behavior can be partially controlled, and it is always ethically appropriate to do so. 
C) Behavior can be controlled, and it is desirable to do so in order to achieve certain objectives. 
D) Behavior can be partially controlled, and it is desirable to do so in order to achieve certain objectives.

Question 19

In fading, the response gradually changes, while the general stimulus situation remains essentially the same.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Behavioral assessment assumes that covert behaviors are like overt behaviors in terms of their controlling variables.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 31: Shaping and Schedules of Reinforcement: A Comprehensive Guide

Shaping is referred to as the method of:

The "O" in DRO stands for other responding.

The behavior of repeatedly dialing a telephone to call a friend whose line is busy is reinforced on an approximation of a VI/LH schedule.

Strategies for recognizing maladaptive thinking and replacing it with adaptive thinking were referred to by Beck as behavior therapy.

In Pavlovian conditioning, the CS acquires greater ability to elicit a CR if:

Characteristics of behavior that can be measured are called dimensions of behavior.

To ensure that the therapist is responsible or accountable to the client, it is recommended that:

Behavior modification can only be applied by experts, and not by individuals in everyday life.

The habit reversal procedure typically includes:

According to Martin and Pear, the term that has the broadest meaning is:

Behaviors to be improved in a behavior modification program are frequently called:

The gradual change, on successive trials, of a stimulus that controls a response so that the response eventually occurs to a partially changed or completely new stimulus, is known as:

The phase used to determine if a particular agency is the appropriate one to deal with an individual's behavior and what behaviors should be baselined if this agency is the appropriate one is called the:

A VI/LH would not be used to teach students to sit at their desks, as it would generate sitting down and standing up at a high rate.

Respondent conditioning will develop more quickly and strongly when:

When the general setting alters the manner in which an individual responds to a particular stimulus, then has been demonstrated.

Behavior modification is based on the following two propositions:

In fading, the response gradually changes, while the general stimulus situation remains essentially the same.

Behavioral assessment assumes that covert behaviors are like overt behaviors in terms of their controlling variables.

Introduction

Areas of Application: an Overview

Respondent Classical, Pavlovian Conditioning of Reflexive Behavior

Increasing a Behavior With Positive Reinforcement

Increasing Behavior With Conditioned Reinforcement

Decreasing a Behavior With Operant Extinction

Getting a New Behavior to Occur With Shaping

Developing Behavioral Persistence With Schedules of Reinforcement

Responding at the Right Time and Place: Stimulus Discrimination and Stimulus Generalization

Changing the Stimulus Control of a Behavior With Fading

Getting a New Sequence of Behaviors to Occur With Behavior Chaining

Differential Reinforcement Procedures to Decrease Behavior

Decreasing Behavior With Punishment

Establishing Behavior by Escape and Avoidance Conditioning

Respondent and Operant Conditioning Together

Transferring Behavior to New Settings and Making It Last: Generality of Behavior Change

Antecedent Control: Rules and Goals

Antecedent Control: Modeling, Guidance, and Situational Inducement

Antecedent Control: Motivation

Behavioral Assessment: Initial Considerations

Direct Behavioral Assessment: What to Record and How

Doing Behavior Modification Research

Functional Assessment of Problem Behavior

Planning, Applying, and Evaluating a Behavioral Program

Token Economies

Helping an Individual to Develop Self-Control

Approaches to Behavior Therapy: Cognitive Restructuring; Self-Directed Coping Methods; and Mindfulness and Acceptance Procedures

Psychological Disorders Treated by Behavioral and Cognitive Behavioral Therapies

Giving It All Some Perspective: a Brief History

Ethical Issues

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